The truncated sample mean using the middle 24 % order statistics is about 88 % as asymptotically efficient an estimator of x < sub > 0 </ sub > as the maximum likelihood estimate.

* In statistics, a statistic is called complete if it does not allow an unbiased estimator of zero.

* Simple linear regression, an estimator used in statistics

* Shrinkage ( statistics ) – a technique to improve an estimator

In statistics, the Gauss – Markov theorem, named after Carl Friedrich Gauss and Andrey Markov, states that in a linear regression model in which the errors have expectation zero and are uncorrelated and have equal variances, the best linear unbiased estimator ( BLUE ) of the coefficients is given by the ordinary least squares estimator.

In statistics, the mean squared error ( MSE ) of an estimator is one of many ways to quantify the difference between values implied by an estimator and the true values of the quantity being estimated.

* Efficiency ( statistics ), a count of desirability of an estimator

In statistics, the Rao – Blackwell theorem, sometimes referred to as the Rao – Blackwell – Kolmogorov theorem, is a result which characterizes the transformation of an arbitrarily crude estimator into an estimator that is optimal by the mean-squared-error criterion or any of a variety of similar criteria.

In statistics, an efficient estimator is an estimator that estimates the quantity of interest in some “ best possible ” manner.

* Unbiased estimator in statistics

The problem of finding the arrangement vertex with the median x-coordinate arises ( in a dual form ) in robust statistics as the problem of computing the Theil – Sen estimator of a set of points.

* LASSO estimator is another regularization method in statistics.

* Invariant estimator in statistics

* Trimmed mean and trimmed estimator, in statistics

* In statistics, the constrained least square estimator when doing linear regression

For example, exactly identified models produce finite sample estimators with no moments, so the estimator can be said to be neither biased nor unbiased, the nominal size of test statistics may be substantially distorted, and the estimates may commonly be far away from the true value of the parameter ( Nelson and Startz 1990 ).

In statistics a uniformly minimum-variance unbiased estimator or minimum-variance unbiased estimator ( UMVUE or MVUE ) is an unbiased estimator that has lower variance than any other unbiased estimator for all possible values of the parameter.

He is basing his guess on new government statistics that show business has broadened its stride -- a new record high in personal income, an increase in housing starts, a spurt in retail sales and a gain in orders for durable goods.

Today the recreational boating scene is awash with heartening statistics which prove the enormous growth of that sport.

It also provides a frame within which the registration of vital events is gradually gaining force ( though one cannot expect to obtain reliable vital statistics in most parts of the Congo from this source in the near future ).

Downtown Los Angeles is already two-thirds freeway, interchange, street, parking lot and garage -- one of those preposterous `` if '' statistics has already come to pass.

According to a newspaper report of the 1961 statistics of the Church of England, the `` total of confirmed members is 9,748,000, but only 2,887,671 are registered on the parochial church rolls '', and `` over 27 million people in England are baptized into the Church of England, but roughly only a tenth of them continue ''.

Almost daily something is reported which feeds this Catholic hope in England: statistics of the increasing numbers of converts and Irish Catholic immigrants ; ;

In mathematics and statistics, the arithmetic mean, or simply the mean or average when the context is clear, is the central tendency of a collection of numbers taken as the sum of the numbers divided by the size of the collection.

The term " arithmetic mean " is preferred in mathematics and statistics because it helps distinguish it from other means such as the geometric and harmonic mean.

In addition to mathematics and statistics, the arithmetic mean is used frequently in fields such as economics, sociology, and history, though it is used in almost every academic field to some extent.

In statistics, analysis of variance ( ANOVA ) is a collection of statistical models, and their associated procedures, in which the observed variance in a particular variable is partitioned into components attributable to different sources of variation.

Furthermore, in mathematics, the letter alpha is used to denote the area underneath a normal curve in statistics to denote significance level when proving null and alternative hypotheses.

For such an online algorithm, a recurrence relation is required between quantities from which the required statistics can be calculated in a numerically stable fashion.

By preserving the value, only one division operation is needed and the higher-order statistics can thus be calculated for little incremental cost.

The remainder of the book is a collection of essays on the game, statistics for the new characters and an update of the older ones in light of their appearance in the second series, and ( perhaps most usefully for GMs ) plot summaries of each of the ten books.

It is one of the most common specific phobias, and some statistics show that 50 % of women and 10 % of men show symptoms.

It is questionable that the results would be different if cases were conducted under the differing approaches ; in fact no statistics exist that can show whether or not these systems would come to the same results.

Green ( Old World ) archaeoastronomers rely heavily on statistics and are sometimes accused of missing the cultural context of what is a social practice.

It is based primarily on statistics and is particularly apt for prehistoric sites where the social evidence is relatively scant compared to the historic period.

In baseball, an at bat ( AB ) or time at bat is used to calculate certain statistics, including batting average, on base percentage, and slugging percentage.

Note that just because a player is described as being " at bat " in this sense, he will not necessarily be given an at bat in his statistics ; the phrase actually signifies a plate appearance ( assuming it is eventually completed ).

Minimax ( sometimes minmax ) is a decision rule used in decision theory, game theory, statistics and philosophy for minimizing the possible loss for a worst case ( maximum loss ) scenario.

* Mallows ' Cp, in statistics, a stopping rule for stepwise regression

In probability theory and statistics, Bayes ' theorem ( alternatively Bayes ' law or Bayes ' rule ) is a theorem with two distinct interpretations.

In statistics, Bayesian inference is a method of inference in which Bayes ' rule is used to update the probability estimate for a hypothesis as additional evidence is learned.

They then prove that the vast majority of possible initial configurations will give rise to statistics obeying the Born rule ( i. e., ) for measurement outcomes.

Similarly, in the de Broglie – Bohm theory, there are anomalous initial conditions which would produce measurement statistics in violation of the Born rule ( i. e., in conflict with the predictions of standard quantum theory ).

# That, while the theological dogma of predestination is a barren hypothesis beyond the province of knowledge, and the metaphysical dogma of free will rests on an erroneous belief in the infallibility of consciousness, it is proved by science, and especially by statistics, that human actions are governed by laws as fixed and regular as those that rule in the physical world

James Borg states that human communication consists of 93 percent body language and paralinguistic cues, while only 7 % of communication consists of words themselves ; however, Albert Mehrabian, the researcher whose 1960s work is the source of these statistics, has stated that this is a misunderstanding of the findings ( see Misinterpretation of Mehrabian's rule ).

Critics have accused Fomenko of altering the data to improve the fit with his ideas and have noted that he violates a key rule of statistics by selecting matches from the historical record which support his chronology, while ignoring those which do not, creating artificial, better-than-chance correlations, and that these practices undermine Fomenko's statistical arguments.

A rule was created to stop the use of this tactic, allegedly ( by Weaver ) because it was distorting pinch-hitting statistics.

It is often said that human communication consists of 93 % body language and paralinguistic cues, while only 7 % of communication consists of words themselves-however, Albert Mehrabian, the researcher whose 1960s work is the source of these statistics, has stated that this is a misunderstanding of the findings ( see Misinterpretation of Mehrabian's rule ).

In 1887, a rule was adopted for that year only counting walks as hits, which played havoc with statistics.

A tie game does not count as a game in the standings-a 2008 rule change made all tie games suspended unless and until not needed for the sake of determining playoff teams, and no longer replayed ; however, though undecided, and not factored in the championship standings and the playoff reckoning, a tie game goes on the record and player and team statistics from are counted.

New York eugenicist Madison Grant worked to ensure his model of the " one-drop rule " was implemented by the Virginia registrar of statistics, Walter Ashby Plecker, who developed the racial criteria behind the act.

Many Strat-O-Matic users have devoted uncounted solitary hours toward playing out an entire season for a team or league, then comparing players ' and teams ' statistics from the game play ( laboriously kept with pencil, paper, and slide rule in the era before hand-held calculators and computers ) with their real-life equivalents ; the closer the match, the more realistic Strat-O-Matic was deemed compared with its competitors.

Various regional feats, character attributes, prestige classes, spells and non-player character statistics use the new rule set.

The game used actual Dungeons & Dragons statistics, with statistics for the characters exactly as they were in the rule books.

In statistics, the Freedman – Diaconis rule, named after David A. Freedman and Persi Diaconis, can be used to select the size of the bins to be used in a histogram.