Hurrian kingdoms, such as Nairi and the powerful state of Urartu arose in north eastern Anatolia from the 10th century BC, before eventually falling to the Assyrians.

Byzantine control was challenged by Arab raids starting in the 7th century ( see Byzantine – Arab Wars ), but in the 9th and 10th century a resurgent Byzantine Empire regained its lost territories and even expanded beyond its traditional borders, into Armenia and Syria ( ancient Aram ).

But by the 10th century the rule was commonly set aside, and we find frequent complaints of abbots dressing in silk, and adopting sumptuous attire.

During the Carolingian epoch the custom grew up of granting these as regular heritable fiefs or benefices, and by the 10th century, before the great Cluniac reform, the system was firmly established.

In the 10th century, Abd al-Rahman al-Sufi carried out observations on the stars and described their positions, magnitudes and star color, and gave drawings for each constellation, in his Book of Fixed Stars.

The 10th century Skald Þorbjörn dísarskáld is quoted in Skáldskaparmál as stating:

According to the Suda, a 10th century encyclopedia, Alexis was the paternal uncle of the dramatist Menander and wrote 245 comedies, of which only fragments now survive, including some 130 preserved titles.

Details of his life are described in a work by the 10th century Welsh scholar and bishop Asser.

The reason the digits are more commonly known as " Arabic numerals " in Europe and the Americas is that they were introduced to Europe in the 10th century by Arabs of North Africa, who were then using the digits from Libya to Morocco.

In the 10th century, Middle-Eastern mathematicians extended the decimal numeral system to include fractions, as recorded in a treatise by Syrian mathematician Abu ' l-Hasan al-Uqlidisi in 952 – 953.

A distinctive West Arabic variant of the symbols begins to emerge around the 10th century in the Maghreb and Al-Andalus, called ghubar (" sand-table " or " dust-table ") numerals, which are the direct ancestor of the modern Western Arabic numerals used throughout the world.

As a result of influence from the West Saxons, the tribes were collectively called Anglo-Saxons by the Normans, the West Saxon kingdom having conquered, united and founded the Kingdom of England by the 10th century.

Empress Adelaide was perhaps the most prominent European woman of the 10th century ; she was regent of the Holy Roman Empire as the guardian of her grandson in 991-995.

However, other scholars have argued that though 80 % of al-Andalus converted to Islam, it did not truly occur until near the 10th century.

The complete conversion of Afghanistan to Islam was during the period of the Ghaznavids in the 10th century.

The Hindu Shahi were defeated in the early part of the 10th century by Mahmud of Ghazna who ruled between 998 and 1030.

In the 10th century Troas is given as a suffragan of Cyzicus and distinct from the famous Troy ( Heinrich Gelzer, Ungedruckte ... Texte der Notitiae episcopatuum, 552 ; Georgii Cyprii descriptio orbis romani, 64 ); it is not known when the city was destroyed and the diocese disappeared.

The city dates back at least to the 10th century when it was known by its first Latin name of Alavarium, literally, " a gathering place or preserve of birds.

In 10th century Yemen al-Hamdani described how spreading al-iglimiya, probably zinc oxide, onto the surface of molten copper produced tutiya vapor which then reacted with the metal.

German brass making crucibles are known from Dortmund dating to the 10th century AD and from Soest and Schwerte in Westphalia dating to around the 13th century confirm Theophilus ' account, as they are open-topped, although ceramic discs from Soest may have served as loose lids which may have been used to reduce zinc evaporation, and have slag on the interior resulting from a liquid process.

Successful recreations have been performed by Anthemius of Tralles ( 6th century AD ), Proclus ( 6th century ) ( who by this means purportedly destroyed the fleet of Vitellus besieging Constantinople ), Ibn Sahl in his On Burning Mirrors and Lenses ( 10th century ), Alhazen in his Book of Optics ( 1021 ), Roger Bacon ( 13th century ), Giambattista della Porta and his friends ( 16th century ), Athanasius Kircher and Gaspar Schott ( 17th century ), the Comte du Buffon in 1740 in Paris, Ioannis Sakas in the 1970s in Greece, and others.

In the first half of the 10th century Aaron ben Moses ben Asher and Moshe ben Naphtali ( often just called ben Asher and ben Naphtali ) were the leading Masoretes in Tiberias.

There are several Jewish authors of the 10th and 11th centuries, e. g., Aaron ben Meïr, Samuel ben Paltiel, Solomon ben Judah and others, who write about the Jews resorting to the Western Wall for devotional purposes.

Special Forces today are still all volunteer and organized into " A teams ," as Aaron Bank organized his men in the 10th Special Forces group in 1952, with two experts in every specialty.

Aaron ben Moses ben Asher ( in Hebrew אהרון בן משה בן אשר ; in Tiberian Hebrew ʾAhărôn ben Mōšeh benʾĀšēr ) ( 10th century, died circa 960 ) was a Jewish scribe who refined the Tiberian system for writing down vowel sounds in Hebrew, which is still in use today, and serves as the basis for grammatical analysis.

* The explicit statements found in books of grammar near the 10th and 11th Centuries C. E., such as: The Sefer haQoloth of Moshe ben Asher ( published by N. Allony ), Diqduqé hata ' amim of Aaron ben Moses ben Asher ; the anonymous works entitled Horayath haQoré ( G. Khan and Ilan Eldar attribute it to the Karaite Abu Alfaraj Harun ), the Treatise on the Schwa ( published by Kurt Levy from a Genizah fragment in 1936 ), and Ma ' amar haschewa ( published from Genizah material by Allony ); the works of medieval Sephardi grammarians, such as Abraham Ibn Ezra, Judah ben David Hayyuj.

The 10th Special Forces Group, more commonly referred to as Green Berets, was founded at Prinz Heinrich Kaserne in Lengries Germany in 1952 by Colonel Aaron Banks, himself a former OSS operative.

A Khazar ruler during the early 10th century CE, Aaron ben Benjamin was the son of the Khazar king Benjamin.

* Das Amulett with Aaron Weissblum ( 2001, Spiel des Jahres nominated, Deutscher Spiele Preis 10th place )

It was constructed during the mid 10th century by the Berber ruler Badis ben Habus of the Kingdom of Granada in al-Andalus, occupying the top of the hill of the Assabica on the southeastern border of the city of Granada.

Proposed calculations of the date of creation using the Masoretic from the 10th century to the 18th century include: Marianus Scotus ( 4192 BC ), Maimonides ( 4058 BC ), Henri Spondanus ( 4051 BC ), Benedict Pereira ( 4021 BC ), Louis Cappel ( 4005 BC ), James Ussher ( 4004 BC ), Augustin Calmet ( 4002 BC ), Isaac Newton ( 4000 BC ), Johannes Kepler ( April 27, 3977 BC ) on his book Mysterium, Petavius ( 3984 BC ), Theodore Bibliander ( 3980 BC ), Christen Sørensen Longomontanus ( 3966 BC ), Melanchthon ( 3964 BC ), Martin Luther ( 3961 BC ), John Lightfoot ( 3960 BC ), Cornelius Cornelii a Lapide ( 3951 BC ) Joseph Justus Scaliger ( 3949 BC ), Christoph Helvig ( 3947 BC ), Gerardus Mercator ( 3928 BC ), Matthieu Brouard ( 3927 BC ), Benito Arias Montano ( 3849 BC ), Andreas Helwig ( 3836 BC ), David Gans ( 3761 BC ), Gershom ben Judah ( 3754 BC )

* Dunash ben Labrat, 10th century grammarian and poet

Abraham ben Jacob, better known under his Arabic name of Ibrâhîm ibn Ya ` qûb ( al-Tartushi like this instead of ' al-Ṭurṭûshî ') was a 10th century Hispano-Arabic, Sephardi Jewish written and oral history, as well as his writings indicate his Jewish background, traveller, probably a merchant, whose brief may have included diplomacy and espionage.

* Abraham ben Jacob, 10th century explorer also known as Ibrahim ibn Yaqub al-Tartushi

Many Sunni Muslims fast during this day, because it is recorded in the hadith that Musa ( Moses ) and his people obtained a victory over the Egyptian Pharaoh on the 10th day of Muharram ; accordingly Islamic prophet Muhammad asked Muslims to fast on this day, and also a day extra either before or after, so that they are not similar to Jews ( since, according to him, Jews used to fast for one day due to the same reason, and many practices recorded in the hadith are specifically performed to avoid any apparent similarity to those of contemporary neighbouring Jews and Christians ).

Christian writers after Eusebius are probably reliant on him, but include Pseudo-Justinus ( 3rd – 5th century ), Hesychius of Alexandria ( 5th century ), Agathias ( 536 – 582 ), Moses of Chorene ( 8th century ), an unknown geographer of unknown date, and the Suda ( Byzantine dictionary from the 10th century ).

Jews in the city of Madina fasted only one day, on Yom Kippur, the 10th of Tishrei because they believe that Prophet Moses fasted on this day ; so the Prophet Muhammad would fast too, to express the continuity of Islam and brotherhood with the earlier Prophet.

Moses has iconographic dress, the others everyday contemporary clothes, 10th century

* The Fight Of Moses Early & Sir Arthur McCloud ( released on the 10th of November, 2005 on Myspace )

During the 10th century, the Persian scholar Ibn Sahl, was to make some of the most refined descriptions in respect to optics at the time.

The glaze was developed and refined during the 10th and 11th centuries during the Goryeo period, from which it derives its name.

In the later Heian period ( the mid 10th century to the 12th century ), the sophistication of court culture and popularity of Amida Worship gave rise to a new style: gentle, calm, and refined features with more attenuated proportion.