There was keen competition between the two from the introduction of the The Compendious Book on Calculation by Completion and Balancing | Algebra into Europe in the 12th century until its triumph in the 16th.

During the 20th century BC the Indo-European Hittites entered the region and gradually established a great empire which was destroyed by invaders in the 12th century.

The current consensus, based on terminology defined by the Pecos Classification, suggests their emergence around the 12th century BCE, during the archaeologically designated Early Basketmaker II Era.

A novel called Hayy ibn Yaqdhan, based on Avicenna's story, was later written by Ibn Tufail ( Abubacer ) in the 12th century and translated into Latin and English as Philosophus Autodidactus in the 17th and 18th centuries respectively.

These exceptions, introduced with a good object, had grown into a widespread evil by the 12th century, virtually creating an imperium in imperio, and depriving the bishop of all authority over the chief centres of influence in his diocese.

In the 12th century the abbots of Fulda claimed precedence of the archbishop of Cologne.

Although controversial at its time, the 13 principles laid out by the 12th century Spanish Jewish philosopher Maimonides are now considered mostly normative.

Gothic-This style prevailed between the 12th century and the 16th century in Europe.

The modern history of Abensberg, which is often incorrectly compared with that of the 3rd century Roman castra ( military outpost ) of Abusina, begins with Gebhard, who was the first to mention Abensberg as a town, in the middle of the 12th century.

Rebuilt by the emperor Justin I after an earthquake in the 6th century, it became Justinopolis ( 525 ); but the old native name persisted, and when Thoros I, king of Lesser Armenia, made it his capital early in the 12th century, it was known as Anazarva.

They are said to go back at least to the Greek poet Lycophron, in the third century BCE ; but this relies on an account of Lycophron given by John Tzetzes in the 12th century.

In the 12th century eddic prose Gylfaginning Snorri Sturluson relates it as the first of a series of abodes in heaven:

As a theologian Alain de Lille shared in the mystic reaction of the second half of the 12th century against the scholastic philosophy.

Brought back from Sippar to Susa as war prize in the 12th century BC

A popular legend, originating from 12th century chronicles, tells how when he first fled to the Somerset Levels, Alfred was given shelter by a peasant woman who, unaware of his identity, left him to watch some cakes she had left cooking on the fire.

Alger of Liège ( 1055 – 1131 ), known also as Alger of Cluny and Algerus Magister, was a learned clergyman from Liège who lived in the first half of the 12th century.

He was born in the latter part of the 12th century at Bennes, a village between Ollé and Chauffours in the diocese of Chartres.

In 1122 Afonso became fourteen, the adult age in the 12th century.

Dr. Alastair Northedge, a British archaeologist who wrote a book about findings in ' Anah, wrote that the minaret is ' commonly attributed to the Uqaylid ( dynasty ) and the 5th / 11th century ( AH / AD ), though ... more probably of the 6th / 12th century.

This New Compilation of Decretals was the culmination of a long process of systematising the mass of pronouncements that had accumulated since the Early Middle Ages, a process that had been under way since the first half of the 12th century and had come to fruition in the Decretum compiled and edited by the papally-commissioned legist Gratian and published in 1140.

Thenceforth the " Donatio " acquires more importance and is more frequently used as evidence in the ecclesiastical and political conflicts between the papacy and the secular power: Anselm of Lucca and Cardinal Deusdedit inserted it in their collections of canons ; Gratian excluded it from his Decretum, but it was soon added to it as Palea ; the ecclesiastical writers in defence of the papacy during the conflicts of the early part of the 12th century quoted it as authoritative.

The " Decretum " of Gratian was considered in the middle of the 12th century as a corpus juris canonici, i. e. a code of the ecclesiastical laws then in force.

The Decretum Gratiani or Concordia discordantium canonum ( in some manuscripts Concordantia discordantium canonum ) is a collection of Canon law compiled and written in the 12th century as a legal textbook by the jurist known as Gratian.

In the 12th century, German Benedictine abbess Hildegard von Bingen ( 1098 – 1179 ) wrote several influential theological, botanical, and medicinal texts, as well as letters, liturgical songs, poems, and arguably the oldest surviving morality play, while supervising brilliant miniature Illuminations.

He had also been climbing the Suntop Media & European Foundation for Management Development ( EFMD ) rankings of the 50 most influential management thinkers placing 31st in 2001, 27th in 2003, and 12th in 2005, but fell to 21st in 2007.

In the 12th century, Geoffrey of Monmouth followed these texts in describing Arthur's victory at Mons Badonicus in his influential pseudohistory Historia Regum Britanniae.

The rules of courtly love were codified by the late 12th century in Andreas Capellanus ' highly influential work De Amore (" Concerning Love ").

St. Malachy was one of the most influential reformist ecclesiastics in Ireland in the 12th century.

An even older British connection to Gog and Magog appears in Geoffrey of Monmouth's influential 12th century Historia Regum Britanniae, which states that Goemagot was a giant slain by the eponymous Cornish hero Corin or Corineus.

A version of the first three books of Romulus in elegiac verse, possibly made in around the 12th century, was one of the most highly influential texts in medieval Europe.

A version of the first three books of Romulus in elegiac verse, possibly made in around the 12th century, was one of the most highly influential texts in medieval Europe.

Although Mozarab merchants traded in Andalusi markets, they were neither influential nor numerous before the middle of the 12th century.

The most sincere but influential opponent, whose comments are printed parallel to virtually all editions of the Mishneh Torah, was Rabbi Abraham ben David of Posquières ( Raavad III, France, 12th century ).

From a branch of this family was possibly descended the influential Denys family of Devon, ( arms: three Danish battle axes ) seated at Orleigh, near Buckland Brewer, Devon, from the 12th.

Between the 12th and 17th centuries the area was ruled by the Ó Catháin clan, one of the most influential clans in Ulster and respected throughout Ireland.

In the 12th century, Geoffrey of Monmouth adapted Gildas ' account for his influential pseudohistory Historia Regum Britanniae, adding fictional details and making these contemporary regional rulers successive high-kings of Britain.

The legendary king of the Britons of Arthurian legend develops from the 12th century after Geoffrey of Monmouth's influential Historia Regum Britanniae.

She was the daughter of Giulio Caccini, and was one of the best-known and most influential female European composers between Hildegard of Bingen in the 12th century and the 19th century.

The Arabic manuscript was translated into Latin in the 12th century and was influential in Europe during the High Middle Ages

Jacobs is on Time Magazine's " 2010 Time 100 " list of the 100 most influential people in the world, and ranked 12th on Out Magazine's 2011 list of " 50 Most Powerful Gay Men and Women in America ".

The idea has also some backing in German legend, for example the Gesta Treverorum ( a 12th century German medieval chronicle ) makes Trebeta son of Ninus the founder of Trier.

Historians had nominated one person per century, and for the 12th century John Hudson chose Becket for being " greedy ", " hypocritical ", " founder of gesture politics " and " master of the soundbite ".

* Samuel C. Crafts, US congressman and senator ; 12th governor of Vermont ; son of the town's founder

He also was a founder of the 12th Congregational Church ( now the First Parish Congregational Church ), and served as deacon there.

Among successors worthy of mention are the zealous Gero ( 1012 – 23 ); Werner ( 1063 – 78 ), who was killed in battle with Henry IV ; St. Norbert, prominent in the 12th century ( 1126 – 34 ), the founder of the Premonstratensian order.

It is a narrative set in the aftermath of the death of Pharaoh Amenemhat I, founder of the 12th dynasty of Egypt, in the early 20th century BC.

The 12th century Jersey poet Wace is considered the founder of Jersey literature and contributed to the development of the Arthurian legend in British literature.

A Catholic religious order was founded on Mount Carmel in the 12th century, named the Carmelites, in reference to the mountain range ; the founder was a certain Berthold ( who died at an unknown point after 1185 ), who was either a pilgrim or crusader.

1609-1683 ), a founder of Reading, Massachusetts and deacon of the 12th Congregational Church

According to legend, the island was founded by Trojan hero Antenor in the 12th century BC who is also famed as the founder of the city of Padua.

The smallest of the three churches ( Mo-Laisse's House, named after the founder of the monastery ) dates from the late 12th or early 13th century.

According to Samguk Sagi ( the oldest surviving Korean history book, written in the 12th century ), Onjo, the son of Goguryeo's founder Jumong, founded the nation of Sipje ( 십제, 十濟 ; later became Baekje ) on Wiryeseong in 18 BCE, while his elder brother Biryu established himself in Michuhol ( 미추홀, 彌鄒忽 ) further to the west.

Sinan Pasha is remembered with disdain by the Serbs for ordering, in 1595, the relics of Saint Sava, the founder of the independent Serbian Orthodox Church in the 12th century and considered the holiest Serbian Christians in history, to be taken from their depository and burned as a revenge for Serbs siding with the Habsburgs in the preceding border skirmishes.

* Thomas Parker ( disambiguation ) a founder of Reading, MA and of the 12th Congregational Church

The estates of William Peverel founder of the abbey of St James at Northampton, also escheated to the crown in the 12th century.

While no single person is considered the founder of the Cistercian Order, the shape of Cistercian belief and its rapid growth in the 12th century was due to the leadership of Stephen Harding.

The most representative family members were: Mikolaj ( 12th century ) founder of the Cistercian monastery in Koprzywica in 1185.

A deeply religious man, Jatti was the founder president of the " Basava Samithi ", a religious organisation which propagated the preachings of 12th century saint, philosopher and Hindu refomer Basaveshwara.

Uaxaclajuun Ub ’ aah Kawiil ascended to the throne of Copan upon the death the 12th ruler in the line of the founder, Smoke Imix in 695.

At the 12th World Congress of Sociology, she was elected as the first woman President of the International Sociological Association, is a founder member of both the Pontifical Academy of Social Sciences and the Academy of Learned Societies in the Social Sciences.

Another noteworthy tertön is Tsangpa Gyare, founder of the Drukpa Lineage ( 12th century ).