Flintlock weapons based on this design were used for over two centuries, until they were finally replaced by percussion locks in the 1840s and 1850s.

By the 1850s, slavery was still legal in the southern United States, but had been generally outlawed in the northern states, such as Illinois.

The passage of the Homestead Act and the Pacific Railway Acts was made possible by the absence of Southern congressmen and senators who had opposed the measures in the 1850s.

Slavery was the central source of escalating political tension in the 1850s.

The similar Murray Hill Tunnel on the New York and Harlem Railroad was built as an open cut around 1836, and roofed over around the 1850s, and is in use for automobile traffic.

Balsall Heath was agricultural land between Moseley village and the city of Birmingham until the 1850s when expansion along Moseley Road joined the two.

Positive-Historical Judaism, the intellectual forerunner to Conservative Judaism, was developed as a school of thought in the 1840s and 1850s in Germany.

The second theory is that the rules of the modern game of croquet arrived from Ireland during the 1850s, perhaps after being brought there from Brittany where a similar game was played on the beaches.

Many examples are based on locations in London and, in all likelihood, will be meaningless to people unfamiliar with the capital e. g. " Peckham Rye ", meaning " tie " ( as in necktie ), which dates from the late 19th century ; " Hampstead Heath ", meaning " teeth " ( usually as " Hampsteads ”), which was first recorded in 1887 and " Barnet Fair ", meaning " hair ", which dates from the 1850s.

When the First Transcontinental Railroad was proposed in the 1850s, Atchison called for it to be built along the central route ( from St. Louis through Missouri, Kansas, and Utah ), rather the southern route ( from New Orleans through Texas and New Mexico ).

Sometime in the early 1850s, the original plaque marking Allen's grave disappeared ; its original text was preserved by early war historian Benson Lossing in the 1840s.

The thermodynamic definition was developed in the early 1850s by Rudolf Clausius and essentially describes how to measure the entropy of an isolated system in thermodynamic equilibrium.

The corresponding noun " esotericism " was coined in French by Jacques Matter in 1828 and popularized by Eliphas Levi in the 1850s.

In the 1850s, he was especially outspoken in New York.

From the 1850s until his death, Kekule was one of the most prominent chemists in Europe, especially in theoretical chemistry.

Mayhew spent over ten years in Paris returning to England in the 1850s whereby he was involved in several literary adventures, mostly the writing of plays.

The same was also true for colonial America and for the United States until the 1850s.

Nevertheless, he was influential among some of the American individualists ; in the 1840s and 1850s, Charles A. Dana, and William B. Greene introduced Proudhon's works to the United States.

From the 1850s to the late 20th century the Clyde Puffer, made famous by the Vital Spark, was the workhorse of the islands, carrying all kinds of produce and products to and from the islands.

As the 1850s drew to a close, Booth was becoming wealthy as an actor, earning $ 20, 000 a year ( equivalent to about $ today ).

Mácha's genius was discovered and glorified much later by the poets and novelists of the 1850s ( e. g., Jan Neruda, Vítězslav Hálek, and Karolina Světlá ) and " Máj " is now regarded as the classic work of Czech Romanticism and is considered one of the best Czech poems ever written.

In the 1850s, he was the Agent to the Ute and Jicarilla Apaches.

Albert Richardson, who knew him personally in the 1850s, wrote that Kit Carson was " a gentleman by instinct, upright, pure, and simple-hearted, beloved alike by Indians, Mexicans, and Americans ".

Although the Fresnel lens was invented in 1822, it was not used in the U. S. until the 1850s due to the parsimonious administrator of the United States lighthouse establishment, Stephen Pleasonton.

Although the proposal was ridiculed and came to nothing ( and would almost certainly have failed if it had been built, due to the shortcomings of the technology proposed ), Pearson continued to lobby for a variety of railway schemes throughout the 1840s and 1850s.

Much of the story is told first-hand, since Spalding had been involved in the game, first as a player and later an administrator, since the 1850s.

By the 1850s when they first came into sustained contact by outside groups, there were estimated 7, 000 Adamanese, divided into the following major groups:

* Ranald MacDonald, first man to teach the English language in Japan and one of the interpreters between the Tokugawa shogunate and Commodore Perry when the latter made his trips to Japan on behalf of the US government in the early 1850s

The first of the Australian gold rushes, in the 1850s, began a large wave of immigration, with approximately two per cent of the population of the United Kingdom emigrating to the colonies of New South Wales and Victoria.

Most clipper cards were printed in the 1850s and 1860s, and represented the first pronounced use of color in American advertising art.

Isaac Singer, who made improvements to an existing model of a sewing machine in the 1850s, began one of the first franchising efforts in the United States, followed later by Coca-Cola, Western Union, etc.

Small-scale pumping plants began drawing water from the Murray in the 1850s and the first large-volume plant was constructed at Mildura in 1887.

The musical has been changing ever since Offenbach did his first rewrite in the 1850s.

A downturn hit the German economy for the first time since industrial development began to surge in the 1850s.

During the early 1850s, two German Egyptologists, Heinrich Brugsch and Max Uhlemann, produced revised Latin translations based on the demotic and hieroglyphic texts ; the first English translation, the work of three members of the Philomathean Society at the University of Pennsylvania, followed in 1858.

The first and second laws of thermodynamics emerged simultaneously in the 1850s, primarily out of the works of William Rankine, Rudolf Clausius, and William Thomson ( Lord Kelvin ).

The earliest projects for preserving historic homes began in the 1850s under the direction of individuals concerned with the public good and the preservation of American history, especially centered on the first president.

The 1850s saw Lord John Russell introduce a number of reform bills to correct defects the first act had left unaddressed.

Pinkerton's agency solved a series of train robberies during the 1850s, first bringing Pinkerton into contact with George McClellan and Abraham Lincoln.

The first fountain pens making use of all these key ingredients appeared in the 1850s.

The Australian gold rush of the 1850s and 1860s saw the first recorded plantings of European chestnut trees, brought in from Europe by the first settlers.

The Corps first got involved in water supply in the 1850s, when they built the Washington Aqueduct.

A log cabin served as the county's first courthouse in the 1850s, until the second courthouse was built of white cedar.

The first was a small wood framed building, which burned down in the 1850s.

In the late 1850s Peto and Betts helped to build the first railway in Algeria.

The Mooraback area was one of the earliest settlements along the " Falls Country " to the east of Walcha, with records showing the first settlers grazed blocks at Mooraback in the 1850s.

Founded in the early 1850s, Oxford was the first city in Calhoun County to be incorporated.