By the 1850s when they first came into sustained contact by outside groups, there were estimated 7, 000 Adamanese, divided into the following major groups:

By the 1850s, bunyip had also become a " synonym for imposter, pretender, humbug and the like " in the broader Australian community.

By the late 1850s, one of these mentions the term " French fried potatoes ".

By the 1850s, the East India Company controlled most of the Indian sub-continent, which included present-day Pakistan and Bangladesh.

By the 1850s, British and German missionaries and traders had penetrated present-day Namibia.

" By the 1850s, though, this meaning of ‘ broomstick ’ had fallen out of currency and references to ‘ broomstick marriages ’ began to be interpreted literally, as though they had involved a couple actually jumping over a stick.

By the 1850s, it was noticed that the numbers of birds seemed to be decreasing, but still the slaughter continued, accelerating to an even greater level as more railroads were developed after the American Civil War.

By the 1850s, Arapaho bands had coalesced into two tribes: the Northern Arapaho and Southern Arapaho.

By the 1850s, when a major covered bridge was constructed at Philippi to service travellers on the Beverly-Fairmont Turnpike, the County's population was approaching 10, 000 people.

By the 1850s, over 50 vessels a year were being launched from 15 shipyards and Essex became recognized worldwide as North America ’ s center for fishing schooner construction.

By the time that Charles Dickens visited Epsom Downs to view the race in the 1850s, entertainers such as musicians, clowns and conjurers plied their trades and entertained the crowds while others provided other forms of entertainment such as coconut stalls.

By the 1850s, the two-coin form was being played on the goldfields of the eastern colonies and it was spread across the country following subsequent goldrushes.

By the 1850s the Press was using steam-powered machine presses, employing two to three hundred people, and occupying several buildings in the Silver Street and Mill Lane area, including the one that the Press still occupies, the Pitt Building ( 1833 ), which was built specifically for the Press and in honour of William Pitt the Younger.

By the late 1850s, however, gold mining was beginning to decline and population dwindled as well.

By the 1850s, John Jefferson in his 20s was proprietor of the American Hotel in Madison.

By the 1850s several palatial steamboats were visiting the town as a regular stop on the Mobile to Columbus, Mississippi route along the Tombigbee.

By the early 1850s, the Sharp family had moved into the area from Walhalla, South Carolina.

By the late 1850s, the city had a population of around 20, 000.

By the 1850s, the population mix had changed to 28 percent “ Yankee ” and 48 percent German.

By the 1850s the town had 14 single-saw mills, 3 gang-saw ( multiple-saw ) mills, 4 clapboard mills, 4 lath mills, and 3 shingle mills.

By the 1850s, Lowell had the largest industrial complex in the United States.

By the 1850s, the rapid growth of the metropolitan area meant it became too large to efficiently operate as a single post town.

By the 1850s, the city of Campbell had several saloons, a drug store, many physicians, two to three general stores, and a post office.

By the 1850s, one of his ferries ran by steam.

By December 1863 a proposed constitutional amendment that would outlaw slavery absolutely was brought to Congress for passage.

By that September Johnson declared he was in favor of emancipation, describing slavery as a " cancer on our society ", and also succeeded in enlisting 20, 000 black troops for the Union.

By allowing a new kind of equality among citizens this opened the way to democracy, which in turn called for a new means, chattel slavery, to at least partially equalise the availability of leisure between rich and poor.

By the end of the 19th century, slavery was abolished.

By 1801, he was in control of all of Hispaniola, after conquering Spanish Santo Domingo and proclaiming the abolition of slavery there.

By the mid-17th century, Irish prisoners-of-war and ethnically cleansed civilians were involuntarily shipped to Bermuda, condemned to slavery.

By linking acquisition of new lands in Oregon ( with no slavery ) and Texas ( with slavery ), he hoped to satisfy both North and South.

* 1802 – By the Law of 20 May 1802, Napoleon Bonaparte reinstates slavery in the French colonies, revoking its abolition in the French Revolution

By the late Republican era, slavery had become a vital economic pillar in the wealth of Rome, as well as a very significant part of Roman society.

By 1750, slavery was a legal institution in all of the 13 American colonies, and the profits of the slave trade and of West Indian plantations amounted to 5 % of the British economy at the time of the Industrial Revolution.

By 1860 the total number of slaves reached almost four million, and the American Civil War, beginning in 1861, led to the end of slavery in the United States.

* May 20 – By the Law of 20 May 1802, Napoleon Bonaparte reinstates slavery in the French colonies, revoking its abolition in the French Revolution.

By 1840, Tubman's father, Ben, was manumitted, freed from slavery at the age of 45, as stipulated in a former owner's will, though his real age was closer to 55.

By demanding that men take responsibility for the right of women to walk the streets in safety, New Zealand feminists deployed the rhetoric of white slavery to argue for women's sexual and social freedom.

By the first half of the 19th century, however, the Whig political programme came to encompass not only the supremacy of parliament over the monarch and support for free trade, but Catholic emancipation, the abolition of slavery and expansion of the franchise ( suffrage ).

By 1630, Africans had replaced the Tupani as the largest contingent of labor on Brazilian sugar plantations, heralding equally the final collapse of the European medieval household tradition of slavery, the rise of Brazil as the largest single destination for enslaved Africans and sugar as the reason that roughly 84 % of these Africans were shipped to the New World.

By the 18th century, the overwhelming number of black slaves was such that Native American slavery was less commonly used.

By 600 BC chattel slavery had spread in Greece.

By combining this melodramatic approach with the content of Stowe's novel, Aiken helped to create a powerful visual indictment against the institution of slavery.

By 1843 John Quincy Adams, a major supporter, had changed his mind and repudiated Manifest Destiny because it meant the expansion of slavery in Texas.

By hiring Scott out in a free state, Emerson was effectively bringing the institution of slavery into a free state, which was a direct violation of the Missouri Compromise, the Northwest Ordinance, and the Wisconsin Enabling Act.

By this time, the Blow family had relocated to Missouri and become opponents of slavery, granting the Scotts emancipation by Henry Taylor Blow on May 26, 1857, less than three months after the Supreme Court ruling. Scott went to work as a porter in St. Louis for nearly 17 months before he died from tuberculosis in September 1858.

By 1838, there were 36 houses on the island, and in 1861 the island voted 132-2 not to secede from the Union and against slavery.