At various times in the past, and as late as the 1870s, the Bahr el Ghazal Depression, which extends from the northeastern part of the lake to the Djourab, acted as an overflow canal ; since independence, climatic conditions have made overflows impossible.

Several other home-made boards of southwestern Ontario origin, and dating from the 1870s, have been discovered since the 1990s.

Esperanto was created in the late 1870s and early 1880s by Dr. Ludwig Lazarus Zamenhof, an ophthalmologist of mixed cultural heritage from Bialystok, then part of the Russian Empire.

Today, Japan uses strict agnatic primogeniture, which was adopted from Prussia, by which Japan was greatly influenced in the 1870s.

The economy of the Falkland Islands, which first involved sealing, whaling and provisioning ships, became heavily dependent on sheep farming from the 1870s to 1980.

Sheep farming was then introduced, taking over from the cattle trade in the 1870s and becoming self-supporting by 1885.

For example, boric acid was widely used as a food preservative from the 1870s to the 1920s, but was banned after World War I due to its toxicity, as demonstrated in animal and human studies.

In the 1870s in the United States, in the aftermath of the impeachment of President Andrew Johnson and his near-removal from office, it was speculated that the United States, too, would move from a presidential system to a semi-presidential or even parliamentary one, with the Speaker of the House of Representatives becoming the real center of government as a quasi-prime minister.

Their independent exhibitions brought them to prominence during the 1870s and 1880s, in spite of harsh opposition from the conventional art community in France.

In France, Germany, and other European countries, socialist parties and democrats played a prominent role in forming and building up trade unions, especially from the 1870s onwards.

) The alternative technique of fractional crystallization was invented by Dmitri Mendeleev, in the form of the double ammonium nitrate tetrahydrate, which he used to separate the less-soluble lanthanum from the more-soluble didymium in the 1870s.

Shipbuilding was important, until it declined in the 1870s with the competition from steamships.

Also in the 1870s competition from Brazilian coffee and European sugar beets caused a decline in Liberian exports.

In an attempt to reverse the decline, from 1848 to the early 1870s Macau engaged in the infamous trade of coolies ( slave labourers ) as a transit port, shipping locals from southern China to Cuba, Peru, and other South American ports to work on plantations or in mines.

Indeed from the 1870s onward, the idea that history and civilization were inherently progressive, and that progress was always good ( and had no sharp breaks ), came under increasing attack.

Initially rejected from the most important commercial show of the time, the government-sponsored Paris Salon, the Impressionists organized yearly group exhibitions in commercial venues during the 1870s and 1880s, timing them to coincide with the official Salon.

In the late 1870s, Afghan Emir Sher Ali Khan escaped from Kabul to take refuge in Mazar-e Sharif, which was un-affected by the Anglo-Afghan wars of the 19th century between Afghanistan and then British India.

Ainu people | Ainu, an ethnic minority people from Japan ( between 1863 and early 1870s ).

Industrialist Collis P. Huntington ( 1821 – 1900 ) provided crucial funding to complete the Chesapeake and Ohio Railroad ( C & O ) from Richmond, Virginia to the Ohio River in the early 1870s.

The population of Muscat fell from 55, 000 to 8, 000 between the 1850s and 1870s.

Sullivan wrote only one grand opera, Ivanhoe ( following the efforts of a number of young English composers beginning about 1876 ), but he claimed that even his light operas constituted part of a school of " English " opera, intended to supplant the French operettas ( usually performed in bad translations ) that had dominated the London stage from the mid-19th century into the 1870s.

Heavy bookends have been used for centuries ; the simple sheetmetal bookend was originally patented in the 1870s, and uses the weight of the books themselves to make an anchor.

Global regulation of opium began with the stigmatization of Chinese immigrants and opium dens in San Francisco, California, leading rapidly from town ordinances in the 1870s to the formation of the International Opium Commission in 1909.

The U. S. Army Corps of Engineers and the state of California completed reports as early as the 1870s and 1880s that detailed the geography and water supplies of the Sacramento, Feather, Yuba and Bear rivers.

With the post Civil War economy in decline by the 1870s, anti-Chinese animosity became politicized by labor leader Denis Kearney and his Workingman's Party as well as by California Governor John Bigler, both of whom blamed Chinese " coolies " for depressed wage levels.

In the 1870s, Alger took a trip to California to gather material for future books, but the trip had little influence on his writing.

* Denis Kearney ( 1847 – 1907 ), California anti-Chinese labor leader, 1870s

This area is famous for the vast quantity of gold mined primarily in the 1870s to 1880s, a second California gold rush.

By the late 1870s, Springville was large enough to warrant a post office, but there already existed a town called Springville, California ( now part of Camarillo, in Ventura County ) in the state of California.

Columbus Tustin, a carriage maker from Northern California, founded the city in the 1870s on of land from the former Rancho Santiago de Santa Ana.

Starting in the 1870s, Monte Rio was a stop on the North Pacific Coast Railroad connecting Cazadero to the Sausalito, California ferry.

In the 1870s, Henry Edwards ( entomologist ) | Henry " Harry " Edwards was an actor with the California Theatre ( San Francisco ) | California Theatre Stock Company, a founding Bohemian and the head entomologist at the California Academy of Sciences

Toronto's Chinatown first appeared during the 1870s with the migration of American Chinese from California due to racial conflict and from the Eastern United States due to the depression at the time.

With the influx of European American settlers into Southern California in the 1870s, La Tajuata land was sold off and subdivided for smaller farms and homes, including a 220-acre parcel purchased by Charles H. Watts in 1886 for alfalfa and livestock farming.

Contrary to an advertising campaign suggesting that Levi Strauss sold his first jeans to gold miners during the California Gold Rush ( which peaked in 1849 ), the manufacturing of denim overalls only began in the 1870s.

Watkins also took a variety of images of California and Oregon in the 1870s and later.

In the late 1870s Pelton modeled, tested and manufactured his first turbine wheel, dubbed the Pelton Runner — later referring to the impulse blades only — at the Miners Foundry in Nevada City, California.

Throughout the late 1860s and into the 1870s, Latham helped finance the California Pacific and the North Pacific Coast Railroad, earning recognition as one of California's rail barons.

Enoch's stature within the community helped him get elected to the California State Assembly in the early 1870s, and later as the Mayor of Oakland for a single term from 1876 to 1878.

The first recorded use of the name " Dolly Varden " for a fish species was applied to members of S. confluentus caught in the McCloud River in northern California in the early 1870s.

The town of Pleasanton, California, was named for Alfred in the 1870s ; a typographical error by a U. S. Postal Service employee apparently led to the spelling difference.

Bolton and Black Bart the Po8, he was a gentleman bandit, and one of the most notorious stagecoach robbers to operate in and around Northern California and southern Oregon during the 1870s and 1880s.