In response, Swift ’ s Modest Proposal was " a burlesque of projects concerning the poor ", that were in vogue during the early 18th century.

Wittowsky argues that not enough critics have taken the time to focus directly on the mercantilism and theories of labor in 18th century England.

At the start of a new industrial age in the 18th century, it was believed that " people are the riches of the nation ", and there was a general faith in an economy that paid its workers low wages because high wages meant workers would work less.

Louis A. Landa presents Swift ’ s A Modest Proposal as a critique of the popular and unjustified maxim of mercantilism in the 18th century that " people are the riches of a nation ".

" English borrowed the word from Spanish in the early 18th century.

After the fall of the Akkadian empire in the mid 21st century BC, the Assyrians who were the northern branch of the Akkadian people, colonised parts of the region between the 21st and mid 18th centuries BC and claimed the resources, notably silver.

Originating from Nesa, they conquered Hattusa in the 18th century BC, imposing themselves over Hattian and Hurrian speaking populations ( Hurrian was a Language Isolate and Hattian a Northwest Caucasian language ).

Thus the only member churches of the present Anglican Communion existing by the mid-18th century were the Church of England, its closely linked sister church, the Church of Ireland ( which also separated from Roman Catholicism under Henry VIII ) and the Scottish Episcopal Church which for parts of the 17th and 18th centuries was partially underground ( it was suspected of Jacobite sympathies ).

Late in the 18th century the first wave of Romantics such as Goethe and Turner came to admire the scenery ; Wordsworth visited the area in 1790, writing of his experiences in The Prelude.

In The Quest, Schweitzer reviewed all former work on the " historical Jesus " back to the late 18th century.

A novel called Hayy ibn Yaqdhan, based on Avicenna's story, was later written by Ibn Tufail ( Abubacer ) in the 12th century and translated into Latin and English as Philosophus Autodidactus in the 17th and 18th centuries respectively.

In the 18th century, Baroque Art was replaced by the more elegant and elaborate Rococo style.

Throughout the 18th century in France, a new wealthy and influential middle-class was beginning to rise, even though the royalty and nobility continued to be patrons of the arts.

Francois Boucher was the 18th century painter and engraver whose works are regarded as the perfect expression of French taste in the Rococo period.

Physiocracy was a French agrarianist philosophy that originated in the 18th century.

* Physiocrats, 18th century French thinkers

This theory was developed by the British chemist and physicist John Dalton in the 18th century.

In the 18th century the " dominant trend " in Britain, particularly in Latitudinarianism, was towards Arianism, with which the names of Samuel Clarke, Benjamin Hoadly, William Whiston and Isaac Newton are associated.

Many Christian denominations have been influenced by Arminian views, notably the Baptists ( See A History of the Baptists Third Edition by Robert G. Torbet ) in the 16th century, the Methodists, the Congregationalists of the early New England colonies in the 17th and 18th centuries and the Universalists and Unitarians in the 18th and 19th centuries.

The use of anagrams and fabricated personal names may be to circumvent restrictions on the use of real names, as happened in the 18th century when Edward Cave wanted to get around restrictions imposed on the reporting of the House of Commons.

In the 18th century, the Anadyr was described by the polar explorer Dmitry Laptev.

Up until the 18th century, amethyst was included in the cardinal, or most valuable, gemstones ( along with diamond, sapphire, ruby, and emerald ).

18th century Icelandic manuscript.

Even in the late 18th century the Abbess of Burtscheid was prevented from building a road linking her territory to the neighbouring estates of the duke of Jülich ; the city of Aachen even deployed its handful of soldiers to chase away the road-diggers.

The growing English colonies along the American seaboard to the south and various European wars between England and France during the 17th and 18th centuries brought Acadia to the centre of world-scale geopolitical forces.

History painting was the dominant form of academic painting in the various national academies in the 18th century, and for most of the 19th ; in France artists such as Henri Jean-Baptiste Victoire Fradelle, Antoine-Jean, Baron Gros, Jacques-Louis David, Ingres, Claude Joseph Vernet, Carle Vernet, Pierre-Narcisse Guérin were among the leading figures.

Such orders were particularly popular in the 17th and 18th centuries, and knighthood continues to be conferred in various countries:

The beginnings of the social sciences in the 18th century are reflected in various grand encyclopedia of Diderot, with articles from Rousseau and other pioneers.

During the 17th and 18th centuries, numerous trading posts, belonging to various colonial empires, were established along the coast.

In older times, plants that would sustain the population through the winters were cornerstones ; various turnips such as the kålrot ( rutabaga ) ( aptly named " swede " in British English ) were gradually supplanted or complemented by the potato in the 18th century.

The work was dismantled and dispersed in the 18th century, and only eleven of about twenty original panels have been rediscovered in various collections around the world.

They are rich in various deposits, including metal ores, coal, precious and semi-precious stones, and since the 18th century have been the major mineral base of Russia.

During 18th to 19th century Romanticism, there were various misguided attempts to explain the obscure term, or to elevate it to the status of a remnant of pagan antiquity, scoffed at by Grimm's entry in his Deutsches Wörterbuch.

The German historian Elena Palmer goes even further, portraying Peter III as a cultured, open-minded emperor who tried to introduce various courageous, even democratic reforms in the 18th century ’ s Russia.

The series imagines the Assassins as being active in various eras and locations: from 12th-century Syria during the Third Crusade ( this incarnation depicted in the first game and the one recorded by the Polos in-universe ), 15th-century Renaissance Italy and Turkey, 18th century North America during the American Revolution, and up to the 21st century.

During the 17th and 18th centuries, France ruled much of the Lesser Antilles at various times.

Use of pewter was common from the Middle Ages until the various developments in glass-making during the 18th and 19th centuries.

Past civilizations held various myths concerning thunderstorms and their development as late as the 18th century.

Some modern scholars have proposed that British Israelism grew out of earlier schools of thought, in particular various schools of " Phoenicianism " or " Orientalism " that developed from the 18th century.

By the 18th and 19th centuries, the effects of colonization on various ethnic groups soon turned sour and revolutions such as those of Francisco Dagohoy began to emerge.

These designs were not immediately successful, however, and various styles with attached handles such as " scissors-glasses " and lorgnettes were also fashionable from the second half of the 18th century and into the early 19th century.

The poem in its various written forms was lost by the end of the 16th century, but manuscripts from as early as the 13th century were re-discovered during the 18th century.

The Seminole Wars, also known as the Florida Wars, were three conflicts in Florida between the Seminole — the collective name given to the amalgamation of various groups of native Americans and Black people who settled in Florida in the early 18th century — and the United States Army.

In the 17th century fleets could consist of almost a hundred ships of various sizes, but by the middle of the 18th century, ship-of-the-line design had settled on a few standard types: older two-deckers ( i. e., with two complete decks of guns firing through side ports ) of 50 guns ( which were too weak for the battle line but could be used to escort convoys ), two-deckers of between 64 and 90 guns that formed the main part of the fleet, and larger three-or even four-deckers with 98 to 140 guns that served as admirals ' command ships.

Due to cheap housing the East End of London and Stepney has been home to various immigrants who contributed to the culture and history of the area, such as the Huguenots in the 17th century, the Irish in the 18th century, Ashkenazi Jews fleeing pogroms in Eastern Europe towards the end of the 19th century, and the Bangladeshi community settling in the East End from the 1960s.

Further exploration of the Amazon Basin and the economy of trade in various species of the bark in 18th century is captured by the extract from a book by Lardner Gibbon:

In the 18th and early 19th centuries, the French River area was a major trade route used to exchange furs trapped in the West with various goods made in the East and in Europe.