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In the 1950s, Burroughs had worked with the Federal Reserve Bank on the development and computer processing of magnetic ink character recognition ( MICR ) especially for the processing of bank cheques.
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1950s and Burroughs
Beat writer William Burroughs read a paper by Richard Evans Schultes on the subject and sought out yagé in the early 1950s while traveling through South America in the hopes that it could relieve or cure opiate addiction ( see The Yage Letters ).
The concept can be traced to at least the Dadaists of the 1920s, but was popularized in the late 1950s and early 1960s by writer William S. Burroughs, and has since been used in a wide variety of contexts.
From the second half of the 1950s, Beat Generation writers like William Burroughs, Jack Kerouac and Allen Ginsberg wrote about and took drugs, including cannabis and Benzedrine, raising awareness and helping to popularise their use.
In the 1950s, the Beat generation included speculative writers such as William S. Burroughs.
Both William S. Burroughs and Allen Ginsberg visited him in his Parisian apartment during the 1950s.
Further, the Beat writings of Kerouac, Ginsberg and Burroughs often portray female characters in flat, traditional gender roles most typical of an ideal 1950s American housewife.
Although previous artists such as William S. Burroughs had experimented with the idea of manipulating a reel to reel tape manually for the sounds produced ( such as with his 1950s recording, " Sound Piece "), vinyl scratching as an element of hip hop pioneered the idea of making the sound an integral and rhythmic part of music instead of uncontrolled noise.
Founded in the 1880s, Burroughs was the oldest continuously operating entity in computing, but by the late 1950s its computing equipment was still limited to electromechanical accounting machines such as the Sensimatic ; as such it had nothing to compete with its traditional rivals IBM and NCR who had started to produce larger-scale computers, or with recently-founded Univac.
In the twentieth century United States, the bohemian impulse was famously seen in the 1940s hipsters, the 1950s Beat generation ( exemplified by writers such as William S. Burroughs, Allen Ginsberg, Jack Kerouac, and Lawrence Ferlinghetti ), the much more widespread 1960s counterculture, and 1970s hippies.
If Ulysses is the story of a day, Finnegans Wake is a night epic, partaking in the logic of dreams and written in an invented language which parodies English, Irish and Latin and is called Joycespeak, deemed virtually unreadable at the time of its release, it became a cult classic with the emergence of the beat generation, particularly William S. Burroughs, in the 1950s and 1960s.
There are also commonalities between the New York School and the members of the beat generation poets also active in 1940s, 1950s, and 1960s New York City, including Gregory Corso, Allen Ginsberg, Amiri Baraka, Jack Kerouac, William S. Burroughs, Diane di Prima, Diane Wakoski, Anne Waldman, Tuli Kupferberg, Ed Sanders, Norris Embry, and several others.
Many in the blossoming underground movement were influenced by 1950s Beatnik Beat generation writers such as William Burroughs and Allen Ginsberg, who paved the way for the hippies of the 1960s.
The name Master Musicians of Joujouka was first used by Brion Gysin and William S. Burroughs in the 1950s, Timothy Leary and Rosemary Woodruff Leary in the 1960s and 1970s and on the Brian Jones L. P. released in 1971.
In Tangier, Gysin and Hamri founded the 1001 Nights restaurant, in which the musicians played throughout the 1950s to a largely Western audience in what was then an international zone, the " Interzone " of Burroughs ' fiction.
Barton joined Burroughs Corporation ( ElectroData Division ) in Pasadena, California in the late 1950s after he had worked for some time at Shell Development, a research arm of the Shell Oil Company in Texas where he used and programmed an early Burroughs / Datatron 205 computer.
Grove published French avant-garde of the era, including Alain Robbe-Grillet, Jean Genet, and Eugène Ionesco ; most of the American Beats of the 1950s, including Jack Kerouac, William Burroughs, and Allen Ginsberg ; and poets associated with Black Mountain and the San Francisco Renaissance such as Robert Duncan.
Mayanism occasionally draws upon references from Beat generation literature by William Burroughs, who had studied the ancient Maya in classes with Alfred Tozzer at Harvard in the 1930s, and Allen Ginsberg, who traveled in the Yucatan Peninsula, Chiapas, and Guatemala in the 1950s.
1950s and had
Modern use of AAC began in the 1950s with systems for users who had lost the use of speech following surgical procedures.
Victoria has had an active abalone fishery since the late 1950s.
During the 1950s, the National Football League had grown to rival Major League Baseball as one of the most popular professional sports leagues in the United States.
From the late 1950s Sakharov had become concerned about the moral and political implications of his work.
Throughout the late 1950s and into the 1960s, the United States and the Soviet Union had been developing a series of missile systems with the ability to shoot down incoming ICBM warheads.
Berlin was devastated by bombing raids during World War II, and many of the buildings that had remained after the war were demolished in the 1950s and 1960s in both West and East Berlin.
Soviet-style centralised planning in five-year blocks had more immediate benefits there than in the other European states where it was first applied in the early 1950s.
The Demolished Man was a novel that had fascinated De Palma since the late 1950s and appealed to his background in mathematics and avant-garde storytelling.
In the 1950s, the United States had a field trial with hog cholera.
In the early 1950s, Armand set aside his dream to focus on developing his company's other tracked vehicles, but by the end of the decade, smaller, more efficient engines had been developed and were starting to come onto the market.
Later, in a 2000 interview, Bob Jones III said that interracial dating had been prohibited since the 1950s and that the policy had originated in a complaint by parents of a male Asian student who believed that their son had " nearly married " a white girl.
He continued to tour and record through the 1950s into the early 1960s, despite the fact that Western swing's popularity, even in the Southwest, had greatly diminished.
Bacardi had architects Ludwig Mies Van Der Rohe and Felix Candela design office buildings and a bottling plant for them in Mexico City during the 1950s.
Transistorized CPUs during the 1950s and 1960s no longer had to be built out of bulky, unreliable, and fragile switching elements like vacuum tubes and electrical relays.
In the 1950s, Cuba had a vibrant but extremely unequal economy, with large capital outflows to foreign investors.
By the 1950s, the television industry had become a serious competition for the movie industry.
Toward the end of the 1950s, darker humour and more serious themes had begun to emerge, including satire and social commentary.
It appears that the particular term, with its more definite sense, was coined by Heisenberg in the 1950s, while criticizing alternate " interpretations " ( e. g., David Bohm's ) that had been developed.
Parking nightmares had plagued the city as far back as the 1950s, the little park lacked modern amenities, and New York City, which in 1957 had lost both its National League teams ( the Dodgers and the Giants ) to Los Angeles and San Francisco, respectively, was actively courting Reds owner Powel Crosley.
Cleveland Stadium had been a symbol of the Indians ' glory years in the 1940s and 1950s.
In the 1940s and 1950s, New Criticism had tried to analyze literary texts purely internally.
1950s and worked
He worked at White Sands Missile Range in the early 1950s, and taught astronomy at New Mexico State University from 1955 until his retirement in 1973.
From the 1950s onward, he worked as an advisor to NASA, where one of his duties included briefing the Apollo astronauts before their flights to the Moon.
Frankenheimer returned to television during the late 1950s, moving to film permanently in 1961 with The Young Savages, in which he worked for the first time with Burt Lancaster in a story of a young boy murdered by a New York gang.
By the 1950s, MIT no longer merely benefited the industries it had worked so closely with three decades prior, and was much closer to its new patrons, philanthropic foundations and the federal government.
He was a program director and announcer at a radio station in Connecticut in the 1950s, and later worked in various markets around the U. S., including Phoenix ( KRIZ ), Miami ( WFUN ) and Seattle ( KJR ).
This work resulted in their jointly authored publication Incomes from Independent Professional Practice, which introduced the concepts of permanent and transitory income, a major component of the Permanent Income Hypothesis that Friedman worked out in greater detail in the 1950s.
By studying grassroots activism and the lived experiences of its participants, her high school students came to appreciate how African Americans worked to end Jim Crow laws in the 1950s.
Because Novotný and his Stalinist predecessors had denigrated Slovak " bourgeois nationalists ", most notably Gustáv Husák and Vladimír Clementis, in the 1950s, the Slovak branch worked to promote Slovak identity.
In the 1940s and early 1950s Burton worked on stage and in cinema in the United Kingdom.
His first marriage was to Josephine Tewson, an actress he had worked with many times in rep in the 1950s and a cousin of actor John Inman ; it ended in divorce in 1961.
In his later career, de Broglie worked to develop a causal explanation of wave mechanics, in opposition to the wholly probabilistic models which dominate quantum mechanical theory ; it was refined by David Bohm in the 1950s.
The result was Engineering Research Associates ( ERA ), a contract engineering company that worked on a number of seemingly unrelated projects in the early 1950s.
During the 1950s he worked on the theory of totalitarianism.
He worked extensively in television from the mid 1950s on.
For some time during the 1950s Van Vliet worked as an apprentice with Rodrigues, who considered him a child prodigy.
Al Wiseman, one of Ketcham's assistants in the 1950s and 60s, worked on many of them.
Although the relationship did not become contractual until 1967, Noriega worked with the U. S. Central Intelligence Agency ( CIA ) from the late 1950s until the 1980s.
Towards the end of the decade, and the start of the 1950s, he worked for Magazine Enterprises on features including " The Durango Kid ," the first Ghost Rider, " Red Hawk ," " Straight Arrow " and " Tim Holt ," in whose comic the Ghost Rider appeared.
At the turn of the decade Eric Sykes and his old friend and colleague Hattie Jacques co-starred in a new 30-minute BBC TV sitcom, Sykes and A ..., which Sykes created in collaboration with writer Johnny Speight, who had worked with him earlier in the 1950s on the two Tony Hancock series for ITV.
Beginning in the late 1950s, he worked on his own distinctive concept of what he termed free form.
Applying himself to this problem, Giacconi worked on the instrumentation for X-ray astronomy ; from rocket-borne detectors in the late 1950s and early 1960s, to Uhuru, the first orbiting X-ray astronomy satellite, in the 1970s.
The town of Oak View " sprang up " in the late 1940s and early 1950s as a bedroom community primarily, although not exclusively, for those who worked in the oil industry in nearby Ventura.
With the construction of the Kentucky Turnpike in the 1950s and Interstate 65 in the 1980s, people who worked in Louisville, Kentucky could live outside the city.
As the culture of the village changed, so did its focus, from distributing work to employees who worked at home to the development of modern factories, through serious labor unrest and World War I, the Depression and the eventual closing of the textile mills in the 1950s.
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