By the 1950s, the development of civil jets grew, beginning with the de Havilland Comet, though the first widely-used passenger jet was the Boeing 707, because it was much more economical than other planes at the time.

By the late 1950s, the once-prosperous port area of downtown Manhattan was occupied by a number of dilapidated shipping piers, casualties of the rise of container shipping which drove sea traffic to Port Elizabeth, New Jersey.

By the 1950s, the television industry had become a serious competition for the movie industry.

By the middle of the decade, some of the 1950s generation of American comedians, such as Jerry Lewis, went into decline, while Peter Sellers found success with international audiences in his first American film The Pink Panther.

" By 1967, critics were suggesting that the programme no longer reflected life in 1960s Britain, but reflected how life was in the 1950s.

By the late 1950s a wave of Japanese machines forced most North American typewriter companies to cease business, but Tramiel instead turned to adding machines.

By the 1950s, Trebbiano ( which is known for its neutral flavours ) made up to 30 % of many mass-market Chiantis.

By the early 1950s the Soviet Union had seized reparations in the form of agricultural and industrial products and demanded further heavy reparation payments.

By the end of the 1950s, Japanese companies and individual investors had begun to return to the Philippines.

By the early 1960s a few sheds, a century of accumulated trash, the scientists ' house from the late 1950s and a solid, short lighthouse-like day beacon built two decades before were the only signs of human habitation on Jarvis.

By the 1950s American conservatives were emphasizing the Judeo-Christian roots of their values.

By the 1950s surviving silent movie comedians could be pressed into service as Keystone Cops regardless of whether they appeared with the troupe authentically.

By the 1950s, rice exports had fallen by two thirds and mineral exports by over 96 %.

By studying grassroots activism and the lived experiences of its participants, her high school students came to appreciate how African Americans worked to end Jim Crow laws in the 1950s.

By the 1950s, an era of every woman being able to own her own pearl necklace had begun, and natural pearls were reduced to a small, exclusive niche in the pearl industry.

By the early 1950s the 356 had gained some renown among enthusiasts on both sides of the Atlantic for its aerodynamics, handling, and excellent build quality.

By the late 1950s, the contest exchange was expanded to include band used.

By the late 1950s, new organizations focused on amateur radioteletype started to appear.

By the late 1950s, when other emerging nations across the African Continent were demanding independence, a small group of São Toméans had formed the Movement for the Liberation of São Tomé and Príncipe ( MLSTP ), which eventually established its base in nearby Gabon.

By the end of the 1950s, SAC had identified 20, 000 potential Soviet target sites and had officially designated 3, 560 of those sites as bombing targets, with the significant percentage being counterforce targets of Soviet air defense, airfields and suspected missile sites.

By the late 1950s, as missiles developed both in quality and number, the ability for the US air fleet to penetrate Soviet airspace was increasingly at risk.

By the early 1950s, Toledo annually trailed the other seven Association clubs in attendance, reaching a desperation point in mid-season of 1952.

By the late 1950s it was routine for special-quality small-signal tubes to last for hundreds of thousands of hours, if operated conservatively.

By the 1950s, in the United States, it had become rare for women to go into their wedding nights not knowing what to expect.

By the early 1920s, unit operations became an important aspect of chemical engineering at MIT and other US universities, as well as at Imperial College London.

By the end of the war, MIT became the nation's largest wartime R & D contractor ( attracting some criticism of Bush ), employing nearly 4000 in the Radiation Laboratory alone and receiving in excess of $ 100 million ($ billion in 2012 dollars ) before 1946.

By September 2004, 900 MIT courses were available online.

By this time Loomis had become a prominent figure in experimental physics and had moved his Tuxedo Park operations to Cambridge, Massachusetts, where he established a joint operation with the Massachusetts Institute of Technology ( MIT ).

By the time Odegaard retired, the UW was second only to MIT in the size of its federal grants, and the number of students attending had swelled.

By 2000, however, the 15 + year reign of the MIT Blackjack Teams came to an end as players drifted into other pursuits.

By 1979, the Lisp Machine Project at MIT, originated and headed by Greenblatt, had constructed over 30 CADR computers

By the age of sixteen, she was attending aeronautical design classes at MIT.

By using terminal servers, Imlacs at other colleges that were connected to the ARPAnet ( the predecessor to the modern Internet ) could connect to the server at MIT and play against players located across the United States.

By no means would we discourage the production of ideas: they provide raw materials with which to work ; ;

By the time they reach that age, however, Aristotle no longer worries about the evil influence of comedies.

By 1937 he had clarified his intentions to serve his people: `` I have striven for clarity and melodious idiom, but at the same time I have by no means attempted to restrict myself to the accepted methods of harmony and melody.

By contrast, even experienced linguists commonly know no more of the range of possibilities in tone systems than the over-simple distinction between register and contour languages.

By all means the most important distinction is that between those total-cost apportionments which superimpose a distribution of admittedly unallocable cost residues on estimates of incremental or marginal costs, and those other apportionments which recognize no difference between true cost allocation and mere total-cost distribution.

By 1952 he was convinced he would no longer spray.

By no means.

By no means are these isolated cases.

By the time Felix turned up it was early afternoon, which, one would think, would be late enough so that by then, except for small children and a few hardy souls who had not yet sobered up, it could have been expected that people would no longer be having any sort of active interest in the previous night's noisemakers and paper hats.

By March 1861, no leaders of the insurrection had proposed rejoining the Union on any terms.

By the 27th century BC Egyptian writing had a set of some 24 hieroglyphs which are called uniliterals, to represent syllables that begin with a single consonant of their language, plus a vowel ( or no vowel ) to be supplied by the native speaker.

has no zero in F. By contrast, the fundamental theorem of algebra states that the field of complex numbers is algebraically closed.

By no means do all Jews today believe in reincarnation, but belief in reincarnation is not uncommon among many Jews, including Orthodox.

By 1903 the Liberals were so dominant that there was no longer an organized opposition in Parliament.

Puttenham, in the time of Elizabeth I of England, wished to start from Elissabet Anglorum Regina ( Elizabeth Queen of the English ), to obtain Multa regnabis ense gloria ( By thy sword shalt thou reign in great renown ); he explains carefully that H is " a note of aspiration only and no letter ", and that Z in Greek or Hebrew is a mere SS.

By the end of the book, Paul realizes that he no longer knows what to do with himself and decides that he has nothing more to lose.

By the end of the 18th century there were no factories or mills and only a few small cottage industries along the border with Zurich.

By December 1790 Phillip was ready to return to England, but the colony had largely been forgotten in London and no instructions reached him, so he carried on.

By 1987, however, the USSR withdrew its opposition, concluding the SDI posed no threat.

" By 1923 however, Gropius was no longer evoking images of soaring Romanesque cathedrals and the craft-driven aesthetic of the " Völkisch movement ", instead declaring " we want an architecture adapted to our world of machines, radios and fast cars.

" By 1972 when GE and RCA were no longer in the mainframe business, the remaining five companies behind IBM became known as the BUNCH, an acronym based on their initials.

By 1950, there were only 100, 000 monolingual Bretons, and a rapid decline since, with likely no monolingual speakers left today.

By the last years of the 19th century, The British Museum's collections had increased so much that the Museum building was no longer big enough for them.

By this point, standing up and saying ' no ' to the Black Hand was a dangerous act.

By contrast, in civil law jurisdictions ( the legal tradition that prevails in, or is combined with common law in, Europe and most non-Islamic, non-common law countries ), courts lack authority to act where there is no statute, and judicial precedent is given less interpretive weight ( which means that a judge deciding a given case has more freedom to interpret the text of a statute independently, and less predictably ), and scholarly literature is given more.