Now, although the roots of the mystery story in serious literature go back as far as Balzac, Dickens, and Poe, it was not until the closing decades of the 19th century that the private detective became an established figure in popular fiction.

This Europeanization of the law was made explicit by a number of 19th century scholars.

The Civil War was a significant force in the eventual dominance of the singular usage by the end of the 19th century.

In the zoological sciences, some of his observations were confirmed to be accurate only in the 19th century.

His works contain the earliest known formal study of logic, which was incorporated in the late 19th century into modern formal logic.

With the Prior Analytics, Aristotle is credited with the earliest study of formal logic, and his conception of it was the dominant form of Western logic until 19th century advances in mathematical logic.

The term was originally coined in the 19th century by the founding sociologist and philosopher of science, Auguste Comte, and has become a major topic for psychologists ( especially evolutionary psychology researchers ), evolutionary biologists, and ethologists.

From its beginnings in the early 19th century through the early 20th century, anthropology in the United States was influenced by the presence of Native American societies.

In Greece, there was since the 19th century a science of the folklore called laographia ( laography ), in the form of " a science of the interior ", although theoretically weak ; but the connotation of the field deeply changed after World War II, when a wave of Anglo-American anthropologists introduced a science " of the outside ".

The Apollo Belvedere is a marble sculpture that was rediscovered in the late 15th century ; for centuries it epitomized the ideals of Classical Antiquity for Europeans, from the Renaissance through the 19th century.

Early 19th century.

In the Middle Bronze Age an apparently " alphabetic " system known as the Proto-Sinaitic script is thought by some to have been developed in the Sinai peninsula during the 19th century BC, by Canaanite workers in the Egyptian turquoise mines.

From the 19th century it once again became more and more popular.

Yombe people | Yombe-sculpture, 19th century

Portugal has been present in Angola for 400 years, occupied the territory in the 19th and early 20th century, and ruled over it for about 50 years.

Distinctions in vocabulary persist, for example, in culinary terms, where communication with Germans is frequently difficult, and administrative and legal language, which is due to Austria's exclusion from the development of a German nation-state in the late 19th century and its manifold particular traditions.

Until the late 19th century, the axiom of choice was often used implicitly, although it had not yet been formally stated.

The Iron is a famous 19th century landmark in central Norrköping

The museum can be found in the 19th century building The Iron in the Motala ström river in central Norrköping.

With the beginning of the slow decline of the Ottoman Empire in the early 19th century, and as a result of the expansionist policies of Czarist Russia in the Caucasus, many Muslim nations and groups in that region, mainly Circassians, Tatars, Azeris, Lezgis, Chechens, and several Turkic groups left their ancestral homelands and settled in Anatolia.

Later in the 19th century, other missionaries adapted Evans ' system to other Canadian aboriginal languages.

Charles Dickens was a prominent English author of the 19th century.

Leo Tolstoy was a prominent Russian author of the 19th century.

Wallace was one of the leading evolutionary thinkers of the 19th century and made a number of other contributions to the development of evolutionary theory besides being co-discoverer of natural selection.

In the course of the 19th century similar groups were founded in a number of countries, including the " Oblates of St Charles ", established in London by Cardinal Nicholas Wiseman.

A number of vernacular buildings of the 17th-early 19th centuries add to the historic scene.

The office of Lord High Admiral passed a number of times in and out of commission until 1709, after which the office was almost permanently in commission ( the last Lord High Admiral being the future King William IV in the early 19th century ).

Bicycles were introduced in the 19th century and now number more than a billion worldwide, twice as many as automobiles.

As a national revival occurred towards the end of the period of Ottoman rule ( mostly during the 19th century ), a modern Bulgarian literary language gradually emerged which drew heavily on Church Slavonic / Old Bulgarian ( and to some extent on literary Russian, which had preserved many lexical items from Church Slavonic ) and later reduced the number of Turkish and other Balkanic loans.

Another feature of the population was the number of Spanish-born colonists, known as peninsulares, who were mostly adult males ; they constituted between ten and twenty per cent of the population between the middle of the 19th century and the great depression of the 1930s.

The n-th century started / will start on the year ( 100 × n ) − 99 and ends in 100 × n. A century will only include one year, the centennial year, that starts with the century's number ( e. g. 1900 is the final year in the 19th century ).

Bicycles were introduced in the 19th century and now number about one billion worldwide.

At the end of the 19th century, slavery in the Brazilian Empire was already doomed for many reasons, among them the ever increasing number of slave's escapes and the frequent raids by quilombo militias on properties which still adopted slavery.

In the late 19th century it became common for a number of nations to make bolt-action rifles in both full-length and carbine versions.

The power of non-state actors resulted in a lower value placed on sovereignty in the 18th and 19th centuries, which further reduced the number of civil wars.

Unfretted instruments tend to have a sweeter, less incisive tone due to the greater load on the bridge resulting from the greater number of strings, though the large, late ( early 19th century ) Swedish clavichords tend to be the loudest of any of the historic clavichords.

The made-up embankment which today extends the whole length of the town's riverbank is the result of 19th century land reclamation, started in earnest when the town played host to a large number of prisoners of war from the Napoleonic Wars which formed a captive workforce.

David had a huge number of pupils, making him the strongest influence in French art of the early 19th century, especially academic Salon painting.

During the 19th century criminal law reform incrementally reduced the number of capital offences to five ( see Capital punishment in the United Kingdom ), and forfeiture for felony was abolished by the Forfeiture Act 1870.

Canadian football used the rugby scrimmage unaltered until near the end of the 19th Century, when, regionally at first, under the influence of the American scrimmage, the number of players in the scrimmage was limited to three -- a " centre scrimmager " bound on either side by props called " side scrimmagers ".

The proofs of the impossibility of these constructions, finally achieved in the 19th century, led to important principles regarding the deep structure of the real number system.

While thousands of isolated bones have been collected from 19th century Funk Island to Neolithic middens, only a small number of complete skeletons exist.

In the late 19th century, a number of Scottish-born authors achieved international reputations.

There was a chromatic harp developed in the late 19th century that only found a small number of proponents, and was mainly taught in Belgium.

In the early 19th century an increasing number of black musicians learned to play European instruments, particularly the violin, which they used to parody European dance music in their own cakewalk dances.

Around the turn from the 18th to the 19th century an increase of the number of Catholics was observed, because military personnel had been moved from West Prussia to the town.