Konstantinos Porphyrogennetos, the fourth emperor of the Macedonian dynasty of the Byzantine Empire in the 9th century AD, referred to Asia Minor as East thema, " ανατολικόν θέμα " ( from the Greek words anatoli: east, thema: administrative division ), placing this region to the East of Byzantium, while Europe was lying to the West.

The most important text for the study of early Korean is the Hyangga, a collection of 25 poems, of which some go back to the Three Kingdoms period ( 57 – 668 AD ), but are preserved in an orthography that only goes back to the 9th century AD ( Miller 1996: 60 ).

From the 9th century BC, Luwian regions coalesced into a number of states such as Lydia, Caria and Lycia, all of which had Hellenic influence.

Byzantine control was challenged by Arab raids starting in the 7th century ( see Byzantine – Arab Wars ), but in the 9th and 10th century a resurgent Byzantine Empire regained its lost territories and even expanded beyond its traditional borders, into Armenia and Syria ( ancient Aram ).

In the 9th century BC, the Greeks adapted the Phoenician script for use in their own language.

Walafrid Strabo, a monk of the Abbey of St. Gall writing in the 9th century, remarked, in discussing the people of Switzerland and the surrounding regions, that only foreigners called them the Alemanni, but that they gave themselves the name of Suevi.

The first universally accepted inscription containing the use of the 0 glyph is first recorded in the 9th century, in an inscription at Gwalior in Central India dated to 870.

It is probable that the island was not doricized before the 9th century BC.

The island flourished in the early 9th century, as evidenced by church construction activity, but suffered greatly from Arab raids originating from Crete.

* Saint Athanasia of Aegina ( 9th century ), abbess and saint

From the 8th century to the 9th century, many inhabitants of what is present-day Afghanistan, Pakistan, and areas of northern India were converted to Sunni Islam.

During the end of the 9th century, the Samanids extended its rule from Bukhara to as far south as the Indus River and west into most of Persia.

During the end of the 9th century, the Samanids extended its rule from Bukhara to as far south as the Indus River and west into most of Persia.

Kiernan's reasoning has in part to do with the much-discussed political context of the poem: it has been held by most scholars, until recently, that the poem was composed in the 8th century on the assumption that a poem eliciting sympathy for the Danes could not have been composed by Anglo-Saxons during the Viking Ages of the 9th and 10th centuries, and that the poem celebrates the namesakes of 8th Century Mercian Kings.

A suggestion made by John Mitchell Kemble ( 1849 ) and defended by Jäching ( 1976 ) puts a terminus post quem of the early 9th century on the Finnesburg episode at least.

His works were so influential that late in the 9th century Notker the Stammerer, a monk of the Monastery of St. Gall in Switzerland, wrote that " God, the orderer of natures, who raised the Sun from the East on the fourth day of Creation, in the sixth day of the world has made Bede rise from the West as a new Sun to illuminate the whole Earth ".

In the Prose Edda Snorri Sturluson quotes many stanzas attributed to Bragi Boddason the old ( Bragi Boddason inn gamli ), a court poet who served several Swedish kings, Ragnar Lodbrok, Östen Beli and Björn at Hauge who reigned in the first half of the 9th century.

As well as being arch chancellors of the Holy Roman Empire after the 9th century, bishops generally served as chancellors to medieval monarchs, acting as head of the justiciary and chief chaplain.

There are no bishops mentioned during the whole 8th century and part of the 9th in Bordeaux.

Bretwalda ( also brytenwalda and bretenanwealda ) is an Old English word, the first record of which comes from the late 9th century Anglo-Saxon Chronicle.

The first recorded use of the term Bretwalda comes from a West Saxon chronicle of the late 9th century that applied the term to Ecgberht, who ruled from 802 to 839.

* Old Bulgarian ( 9th to 11th century, also referred to as Old Church Slavonic ) – a literary norm of the early southern dialect of the Common Slavic language from which Bulgarian evolved.

Bethlehem then passed through the control of the Islamic caliphates of the Umayyads in the 8th century, then the Abbasids in the 9th century.

The original Old English language was then influenced by two waves of invasion ; the first was by language speakers of the Scandinavian branch of the Germanic family ; they conquered and colonised parts of Britain in the 8th and 9th centuries.

While Scandinavian sagas describe events in 9th century Britain, their value as sources of historical narrative, rather than documents of social history, is disputed.

Scandinavian arrowheads from the 8th and 9th centuries were found between the coast and the lake chains in the Mecklenburgian and Pomeranian hinterlands, pointing at periods of warfare between the Scandinavians and Slavs.

During the 9th century, extensive Scandinavian settlements began on the east side of the Baltic Sea.

During the 9th and 10th centuries, Scandinavian Vikings established trade posts on the way from Scandinavia to the Byzantine Empire.

Anyanka ' Anya Jenkins ' was born as Aud in the 9th century in Sjornjost, a small Scandinavian village.

Guisborough was well-established at the time of the priory's founding ; the town's name refers to the fortified place of a Scandinavian called Gigr, who may have taken over a site established by the Anglo-Saxons or Romans who lived in the vicinity before the arrival of Vikings in the 8th and 9th centuries.

Until the 9th century, the Scandinavian people lived in small Germanic kingdoms and chiefdoms known as petty kingdoms.

During the 9th century, extensive Scandinavian settlements were made on the east side of the Baltic sea.

Native Scandinavian sources are generally held to date no earlier than the 9th century in the form of skaldic poetry, such as Ynglingatal.

The Viking Ship Museum houses three spectacular examples of 9th and 10th century Scandinavian sea vessels-including the fully intact Oseberg ship-which were used as high status tombs.

Into England, it is argued, stirrups were not introduced by the Scandinavian settlers of the 9th century but are more likely related to later Viking raids led by Cnut the Great and others during the reign of king Aethelred ( 978-1013 ).

Scandinavian York or Kingdom of Jórvík or Kingdom of York is a term used by historians for the kingdom of Northumbria for the period of the late 9th century and first half of the 10th century, when it was dominated by Norse warrior-kings ; in particular, used to refer to the city controlled by these kings.

This follow-up to 2003 ’ s Scandinavian Leather and the last offering in the Apocalypse trilogy was released throughout Europe on the 9th of May ( Norway 2 May ).

The transformation was caused by two further waves of invasion: the first by speakers of the Scandinavian branch of the Germanic language family, who conquered and colonized parts of Britain in the 8th and 9th centuries ; the second by the Normans in the 11th century, who spoke Old Norman and ultimately developed an English variety of this called Anglo-Norman.

Developed from ponies taken to Iceland by Scandinavian settlers in the 9th and 10th centuries, the breed is mentioned in literature and historical records throughout Icelandic history ; the first reference to a named horse appears in the 12th century.

The Viking attacks on England in the 9th century led to developments in tactics, including the use of shield walls in battle, and the Scandinavian seizure of power in the 11th century introduced housecarls, a form of elite household soldier who protected the king.

With 6 First positions at Wrocław ( 1st Event ), Krško ( 3rd ), Millennium Stadium ( 4th ), Idrætsparken ( 5th ) in København, Praha ( 6th ) and Lonigo ( 9th ); a second in the Swedish event at Eskilstuna ( 2nd ); third in the Scandinavian held in Målilla ( 7th ) and a lowly 9th in the Polish Grand Prix held at Bydgoszcz ( 8th Event ).

These areas had been part of the Kingdom of Northumbria until the 9th century, and afterward were transformed by a process very poorly documented, but probably carried out by numerous small bands of culturally Scandinavian but linguistically Gaelic warrior-settlers moving in from Ireland and southern Argyll.