Montgomery came to the conclusion that the conflict could not be won without harsh measures, and that self-government was the only feasible solution ; in 1923, after the establishment of the Irish Free State and during the Irish Civil War, Montgomery wrote to Colonel Arthur Percival of the Essex Regiment:

English republican dictator, Oliver Cromwell's campaign was characterised by its uncompromising treatment of the Irish towns ( most notably Drogheda ) that had supported the Royalists during the English Civil War.

" This term was preferred by those who fought on the anti-Treaty side in the Irish Civil War and is still used by Republicans today.

* Criminal Investigation Department ( Ireland ), a police unit during the Irish Civil War ( 1922 – 23 )

* Civil and Public Services Union-an Irish trade union

The Easter Rising of 1916, the Irish War of Independence, and the subsequent Irish Civil War resulted in a significant amount of physical destruction in central Dublin.

* The 2008 documentary film called Frederick Douglass and the White Negro tells the story of Frederick Douglass in Ireland and the relationship between African Americans and Irish Americans during the American Civil War.

Its origins lie in the struggle for Irish independence and the pro-Treaty side in the Irish Civil War, identifying in particular Michael Collins as the founder of the movement.

As the descendant of the pro-Treaty factions in the Irish Civil War, Fine Gael has a strong affinity with Michael Collins and his legacy.

The Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam in the Sri Lankan Civil War, the Afghan Mujahideen in the Soviet war in Afghanistan, George Grivas and Nikos Sampson's Greek guerrilla group EOKA in Cyprus, Aris Velouchiotis and Stefanos Sarafis and the EAM against the Axis occupation of Greece during World War II, Paul von Lettow-Vorbeck and the German Schutztruppe in World War I, Josip Broz Tito and the Yugoslav Partisans in World War II, and the antifrancoist guerrilla in Spain during the Franco dictatorship, the Kosovo Liberation Army in the Kosovo War, and the Irish Republican Army led by Michael Collins during the Irish War of Independence.

Eoin O ' Duffy led a brigade of 700 Irish volunteers to fight for Franco during the Spanish Civil War, and Frank Ryan led the Connolly column who fought on the opposite side, with the Republican International Brigades.

Irish newcomers were sometimes uneducated and often found themselves competing with Americans for manual labour jobs or, in the 1860s, being recruited from the docks by the U. S. Army to serve in the American Civil War and afterward to build the Union Pacific Railroad.

* Irish Brigade ( US ) served on the Union side in the American Civil War in the 1860s.

These issues were the cause of a split in the IRA and ultimately, the Irish Civil War.

The IRA of the Civil War and subsequent organisations that have used the name claim lineage from that group, which is covered in full at Irish Republican Army ( 1922 – 1969 ).

On 28 May 2006, Loach won the Palme d ' Or at the 2006 Cannes Film Festival for his film The Wind That Shakes the Barley, a film about the Irish War of Independence and the subsequent Irish Civil War during the 1920s.

* 1922 – The first executions during the Irish Civil War take place when five Irish Republican Army members are sent to the firing squad by the Irish Free State.

< imagemap > File: 1920s decade montage. png | From left, clockwise: Third Tipperary Brigade Flying Column No. 2 under Sean Hogan during the Irish Civil War ; Prohibition agents destroying barrels of alcohol in accordance to the 18th amendment, which made alcoholic beverages illegal throughout the entire decade ; In 1927, Charles Lindbergh embarks on the first nonstop flight from New York to Paris on the Spirit of St. Louis ; A crowd gathering on Wall Street after the 1929 stock market crash, which led to the Great Depression ; Benito Mussolini and Fascist Blackshirts during the March on Rome in 1922 ; the People's Liberation Army attacking government defensive positions in Shandong, during the Chinese Civil War ; The Women's suffrage campaign leads to numerous countries granting women the right to vote and be elected ; Babe Ruth becomes the iconic baseball player of the time .| 420px | thumb

This refusal to accept any renunciation of allegiance to the Crown led to conflict with the United States over impressment, and then led to further conflicts even during the War of 1812, when thirteen Irish American prisoners of war were executed as traitors after the Battle of Queenston Heights ; Winfield Scott urged American reprisal, but none was carried out.

* 1979 – A Provisional Irish Republican Army bomb kills British World War II admiral Louis Mountbatten and three others while they are boating on holiday in Sligo, Republic of Ireland.

* 1598 – Nine Years ' War: Battle of the Yellow Ford – Irish forces under Hugh O ' Neill, Earl of Tyrone, defeat an English expeditionary force under Henry Bagenal.

* 1599 – Nine Years ' War: Battle of Curlew Pass – Irish forces led by Hugh Roe O ' Donnell successfully ambush English forces, led by Sir Conyers Clifford, sent to relieve Collooney Castle.

These were followed by significant numbers of freed Africans in the War of 1812, Irish immigrants in the mid 19th century and Dutch immigrants after World War II.

The brigade was stationed in County Cork carrying out counter-insurgency operations during the final stages of the Irish War of Independence.

Category: British military personnel of the Irish War of Independence

* Bloody Sunday ( 1920 ), a day of violence in Dublin, Ireland during the Irish War of Independence

* Bloody Sunday ( 1921 ), a day of violence in Belfast, Northern Ireland during the Irish War of Independence

Since the Irish War of Independence, the name ' Boxing Day ' is used only by the authorities in Northern Ireland, which remains part of the UK.

Among these actions were the Seven Years ' War, the American Revolutionary War, the Napoleonic Wars, the First and Second Opium Wars, the Boxer Rebellion, the New Zealand land wars, the Sepoy Rebellion of 1857, the First and Second Boer Wars, the Fenian raids, the Irish War of Independence, its serial interventions into Afghanistan ( which were meant to maintain a friendly buffer state between British India and the Russian Empire ), and the Crimean War ( to keep the Russian Empire at a safe distance by coming to Turkey's aid ).

In addition to battling the armies of other European Empires ( and of its former colonies, the United States, in the American War of 1812 ), in the battle for global supremacy, the British Army fought the Chinese in the First and Second Opium Wars, and the Boxer Rebellion, Māori tribes in the first of the New Zealand Wars, Nawab Shiraj-ud-Daula's forces and British East India Company mutineers in the Sepoy Rebellion of 1857, the Boers in the First and Second Boer Wars, Irish Fenians in Canada during the Fenian raids and Irish separatists in the Anglo-Irish War.

In the same month the Irish Republican Army began the Irish War of Independence, a guerrilla campaign against British rule ; in 1919 this consisted of attacks on the Royal Irish Constabulary ( RIC ).

However, there is a sense in which he was not leaving his native people, as the Irish Gaels had been colonizing the west coast of Scotland for the previous couple of centuries.

While Maritimers are predominantly of west European heritage ( Scottish, Irish, English, and Acadian ), immigration to Industrial Cape Breton during the heyday of coal mining and steel manufacturing brought people from eastern Europe as well as from Newfoundland.

As the 4th century progressed, there were increasing attacks from the Saxons in the east and the Irish in the west.

The largest Irish communities are located predominantly in the cities and towns across Britain: in London, in particular Kilburn ( which has one of the largest Irish-born communities outside Ireland ) out to the west and north west of the city, in the large port cities such as Liverpool ( which elected the first Irish Nationalist Members of Parliament ), Glasgow, Bristol and Portsmouth.

The monastery of Lindisfarne was founded by Irish monk Saint Aidan, who had been sent from Iona off the west coast of Scotland to Northumbria at the request of King Oswald ca.

North West England is bounded to the east by the Peak District and the Pennines and to the west by the Irish Sea.

The walls enclosed the city south of the castle and included three gates to the west, south and east called Irish Gate ( or Shaddon Gate ), English Gate ( or Botcher Gate ) and Scottish Gate respectively.

In the late 1970s and early 1980s, the INLA developed a modest organisation in Northern Ireland, particularly based on Divis Flats in west Belfast, which as a result became colloquially known as " the planet of the Irps " ( a reference to the Irish Republican Socialist Party and the film Planet of the Apes ).

Works in Ireland include the Irish National War Memorial Gardens in Islandbridge Dublin, which consists of a bridge over the railway and a bridge over the river Liffey ( unbuilt ) and two tiered sunken gardens ; Heywood Gardens, County Laois ( open to the public ) consisting of a hedge garden, lawns, tiered sunken garden and a belvedere ; extensive changes and extensions to Lambay Castle, Lambay Island near Dublin consisting of a circular battlement enclosing the restored and extended castle and farm building complex, upgraded cottages and stores near the harbour, a real tennis court, a large guest house ( The White House ), a boathouse and a chapel ; alterations and extensions to Howth Castle, County Dublin ; the unbuilt Hugh Lane gallery straddling the River Liffey on the site of the Ha ' penny Bridge and the unbuilt Hugh Lane Gallery on the west side of St Stephen's Green ; a Lodge at Costelloe, County Galway ( that was used for refuge by J Bruce Ismay the Chairman of the White Star Line following the sinking of the Titanic ) and a hunting lodge near Rosapenna in northern County Donegal, most recently used as a youth hostel.

In preparing a land settlement, or plantation after his conquest of Ireland Oliver Cromwell reputedly said the remaining Irish landowners would go to " Hell or Connacht ", referring to their choice of forced migration west across the river Shannon, or death, thus freeing up the eastern landholdings for the incoming English settlers.

Towards the west, the aptly named Mullaghareirk Mountains ( Mullach an Radhairc in Irish, roughly meaning " mountains of the view ") push across the county offering dramatic views east over the county and west into County Kerry.

Parts of the county were recognised Gaeltacht areas back in the 1920s with Irish speakers living west of Ennis in Doonbeg, Ennistimon, Carrigahold and Lisdoonvarna.

Arriving upon land west of the Mississippi River in 1798 — which was, at that time, part of the upper Louisiana Territory and under Spanish rule — was the Irish born William Murphy.

* Alburg – A hamlet on the north town line, west of Irish Corners.

It borders County Antrim to the north, the Irish Sea to the east and south, County Armagh to the west, and County Louth to the southwest.

Puffin Lightvessel was a lightvessel situated at Daunt Rock, 25 miles south west of Roche's Point near Cork harbour entrance and was in the care of the Commissioners of Irish Lights.

Merseyside spans of land which border Lancashire ( to the north-east ), Greater Manchester ( to the east ), and Cheshire ( to the south and south-west ); the Irish Sea is to the west.

Being close to the west coast and the Irish Sea, the climate is generally temperate with few extremes of temperature or weather.

Samantha, née Converse, and her parents had journeyed west from Vermont when she was 11 ; she was of English, possibly Irish, and French Huguenot descent.

Galway Bay ( Irish: Loch Lurgan or Cuan na Gaillimhe ) is a large bay ( or sea lough ) on the west coast of Ireland, between County Galway in the province of Connacht to the north and the Burren in County Clare in the province of Munster to the south.

In the late 1050s Magnus led an expedition to the west, to the Northern Isles, the Hebrides, and the Irish Sea.