Augustine ( 354 – 430 ) applied the title Confessions to his autobiographical work, and Jean-Jacques Rousseau used the same title in the 18th century, initiating the chain of confessional and sometimes racy and highly self-critical, autobiographies of the Romantic era and beyond.

Musical impressionism occurred as a reaction to the excesses of the Romantic era.

Originating in France, musical Impressionism is characterized by suggestion and atmosphere, and eschews the emotional excesses of the Romantic era.

This stabilizing synthesis of the Realist political and Romantic aesthetic ideology, was called by various names: in Great Britain it is the Victorian era.

When a student is taking western classical music lessons, music teachers often spend some time explaining the different eras of western classical music, such as the Baroque era, the Classical era, the Romantic era, and the Modern era, because each era is associated with different styles of music and different performance practice techniques.

Their significance for the history of violin playing and the music of the Romantic era, Stiftung Zentralstelle der Studentenschaft der Universität Zürich, Zurich, 1997

In particular, he was regarded in the Romantic era as embodying the lone genius whose efforts to improve human existence could also result in tragedy: Mary Shelley, for instance, gave The Modern Prometheus as the subtitle to her novel Frankenstein ( 1818 ).

For the Romantic era, Prometheus was the rebel who resisted all forms of institutional tyranny epitomized by Zeus — church, monarch, and patriarch.

In the Romantic era, Triglav became one of the symbols of Slovene identity.

During the second half of the 19th century, Tartu was the cultural center for Estonians in the era of Romantic nationalism.

The influence of the Sturm und Drang (" Storm and Stress ") period in music, with its brief foreshadowing of the Romantic era, is evident in the music of both composers at that time.

* The start of the Romantic era, which lasts until the mid-to-late 1850s and the beginning of the Victorian era.

The play entered the Romantic era with John Philip Kemble's company in 1801.

John Philip Sousa (; November 6, 1854 – March 6, 1932 ) was an American composer and conductor of the late Romantic era, known particularly for American military and patriotic marches.

Since the Romantic era, the cello has received as much attention as the piano and violin as a concerto instrument, and many great Romantic and even more 20th century composers left examples.

Antonín Dvořák ’ s cello concerto ranks among the supreme examples from the Romantic era while those of Robert Schumann, Carl Reinecke, David Popper, and Julius Klengel focus on the lyrical qualities of the instrument.

In the Romantic era:

During the early Romantic era, composers such as Beethoven and Mendelssohn began to use the term to refer to independent, self-existing instrumental, programmatic works that presaged genres such as the symphonic poem.

But Impressionism, and through it almost all of 20th century art, is also firmly rooted in the Romantic tradition.

The euphonium is featured in a few late Romantic and 20th century works, usually playing parts marked " tenor tuba ", including Gustav Holst's The Planets, and Richard Strauss's Ein Heldenleben.

As time progressed, and as the Romantic period saw changes in accepted modification with composers such as Berlioz, followed by Johannes Brahms and eventually Gustav Mahler, the 20th century saw that instrumentation could practically be hand-picked by the composer.

In the first two decades of the 20th century, Romantic Nationalism as an idea was to have crucial influence on political events.

Many of the concertos written in the early 20th century belong more to the late Romantic school than to any modernistic movement.

Romantic themes have also found their way in historical narrative i. e. historical romances, by mostly female authors, starting from the Gone with the Wind by Margaret Mitchell and others in the 20th century, like Eleanor Hibbert and Philippa Gregory.

Also, with the rejection of Romantic ideals in the 20th century and their replacement with ideals of abstraction and independence of music, the writing of symphonic poems went into decline.

Romanticism style dominated Norwegian music " until well into the 20th century, whether expressed through modifications to the national Romantic idiom of Grieg or through a more classical / international line " like Catharinus Elling or Halfdan Cleve.

Italy has long been a center for European classical music, and by the beginning of the 20th century, Italian classical music had forged a distinct national sound that was decidedly Romantic and melodic.

Italy retained a Romantic operatic musical tradition in the early 20th century, exemplified by composers of the so-called Giovane Scuola, whose music was anchored in the previous century, including Arrigo Boito, Ruggiero Leoncavallo, Pietro Mascagni, and Francesco Cilea.

Traditional Romantic opera remained popular ; indeed, the dominant opera publisher in the early 20th century was Casa Ricordi, which focused almost exclusively on popular operas until the 1930s, when the company allowed more unusual composers with less mainstream appeal.

The last great player of the Romantic chess style, he also served as a major source of inspiration for the " Soviet school of chess ", which dominated the chess world in the middle and latter parts of the 20th century.

Most such buildings date from the late 18th to early 20th centuries, and were a manifestation of the Gothic revival in architecture, which was in turn part of the Romantic movement in Western culture.

The most important and prevalent type of serenade in music history is a work for large instrumental ensemble in multiple movements, related to the divertimento, and mainly being composed in the Classical and Romantic periods, though a few examples exist from the 20th century.

While in literature the " Romantic Period " is conventionally dated from the late 18th century to the early 19th century, in music the overwhelming usage is to date the Romantic period from the middle to late Beethovenian works up to the first decade of the 20th century.

With the 20th century a reaction against this " cult of the Romantic artist " began to be seen.

These pieces are selected from the current syllabus for the instrument and grade, usually one piece from each of the groups A, B and C. Group A usually features Baroque and early Classical repertoire, Group B late Classical and Romantic, and Group C 20th century and contemporary music, encouraging the student to select a balanced programme with music in a range of styles and periods.

The ideologies associated with ( Romantic ) Nationalism of the 19th and 20th centuries never really caught on in the Netherlands, and this, together with being a relatively mono-ethnic society up until the late 1950s, has led to a relatively obscure use of the terms nation and ethnicity as both were largely overlapping in practice.

* Processions were popular subjects for the Romantic painters of the late 19th and early 20th centuries.

** Marco Polo, a defunct classical music record label specialising in obscure Romantic and 20th century repertoire, owned and reissued by Naxos Records

* Mies ( National Romantic, 20th century and contemporary works for male voice choir ) ( 2006 )

Literary or lyrical ballads grew out of an increasing interest in the ballad form among social elites and intellectuals, particularly in the Romantic movement from the later 18th century.

Nineteenth century poet Alfred, Lord Tennyson, described the sword in full Romantic detail in his poem " Morte d ' Arthur ", later rewritten as " The Passing of Arthur ", one of the Idylls of the King:

By the 19th century, Romantic critics valued Hamlet for its internal, individual conflict reflecting the strong contemporary emphasis on internal struggles and inner character in general.

The accompanying ritual, depicted in Romantic illustrations as involving pilgrims following the maze on their knees while praying, may have been practiced at Chartres during the 17th century.

The Romantic movement of the 18th century led to the re-discovery of Old Gaelic and Old Norse literature and poetry.

Romantic music is a term describing a style of Western classical music that began in the late 18th or early 19th century.

The Romantic movement was an artistic, literary, and intellectual movement that originated in the second half of the 18th century in Europe and strengthened in reaction to the Industrial Revolution ( Encyclopædia Britannica n. d .).

The re-discovery of medieval Germanic poetry, including Gottfried von Strassburg's version of Tristan, the Nibelunglied and Wolfram von Eschenbach's Parzival, left a large impact on the German Romantic movements during the mid-19th century.

It has been popularized by the poet Charles Baudelaire ( 1821 – 1867 ) but was already used before in particular to the Romantic literature ( 19th century ).

During the 18th century the picturesque ruins attracted artists of the Romantic movement and were painted by artists including J. M. W. Turner, John Sell Cotman and Thomas Girtin.

The British Romantic movement of the early nineteenth century introduced new aesthetic ideas to literary study, including the idea that the object of literature need not always be beautiful, noble, or perfect, but that literature itself could elevate a common subject to the level of the sublime.

Nineteenth century enthusiasts lauded Clementi as " the father of the pianoforte ," " father of modern piano technique ", and " father of Romantic pianistic virtuosity.

Ideas of Celtic Christianity were further influenced by the Romantic movement of the 18th century, in particular Romantic notions of the noble savage and the intrinsic qualities of the " Celtic race ".