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In the United States, economists typically refer to the Long Depression as the Depression of 1873 – 79, kicked off by the Panic of 1873, and followed by the Panic of 1893, book-ending the entire period of the wider Long Depression.
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United and States
In every war of the United States since the Civil War the South was more belligerent than the rest of the country.
Thus, to cite but one example, the Pax Britannica of the nineteenth century, whether with the British navy ruling the seas or with the City of London ruling world finance, was strictly national in motivation, however much other nations ( e.g., the United States ) may have incidentally benefited.
National responsibility for individual welfare is a concept not limited to the United States or even to the Western nations.
( Since the time-span of the nation-state coincides roughly with the separate existence of the United States as an independent entity, it is perhaps natural for Americans to think of the nation as representative of the highest form of order, something permanent and unchanging.
In recent weeks, as a result of a sweeping defense policy reappraisal by the Kennedy Administration, basic United States strategy has been modified -- and large new sums allocated -- to meet the accidental-war danger and to reduce it as quickly as possible.
Its radar screens would register Soviet missiles shortly after they are launched against the United States.
In 1938, at the insistence of Arturo Toscanini, Steinberg left Germany for the United States, by way of Switzerland.
After he had spent the first three years in New York as associate conductor, at Toscanini's invitation, of the NBC Orchestra, he made numerous guest appearances throughout the United States and Latin America.
`` Then I return to the United States for engagements at the Hollywood Bowl and in Philadelphia '', he added.
The difference came down to this: The Southern States insisted that the United States was, in last analysis, what its name implied -- a Union of States.
`` we the People of the United States, in order to form a more perfect Union, establish Justice, insure domestic Tranquility, provide for the common Defence, promote the general Welfare, and secure the Blessings of Liberty to ourselves and our Posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution for the United States of America ''.
The 140,414 Americans who gave `` the last full measure of devotion '' to prevent disunion, preserved individual freedom in the United States from the dangers of anarchy, inherent in confederations, which throughout history have proved fatal in the end to all associations composed primarily of sovereign states, and to the liberties of their people.
There one finds concentrated in a comparatively small area the chief universities, colleges, and preparatory schools of the United States.
The rise of the giant corporations in Western Europe and the United States dates from the period 1880-1900.
He says: `` beside the Protestant philosophy of Progress, as expressed in radical or conservative millenarianism, should be placed the doctrine of the democratic faith which affirmed it to be the duty of the destiny of the United States to assist in the creation of a better world by keeping lighted the beacon of democracy ''.
During the next five years liberal leaders in the United States sank in the cumulative confusion attendant upon and manifested in a negative policy of Containment -- and the bitterest irony -- enforced and enforceable only by threat of a weapon that we felt the greatest distaste for but could not abandon: the atom bomb.
And here again we hear the same refrain mentioned above: `` the paramount goal of the United States set long ago was to guard the rights of the individual, ensure his development, enlarge his opportunity ''.
`` I arrived in the United States with the idea of establishing myself there more or less permanently and finding inspiration for new compositions ''.
This is the good kind of sophistication, and with all our problems and crises this kind of sophistication has flowered in the United States during recent years.
but Wright stayed in the United States.
United and economists
These issues have raised concerns among economists and unfunded liabilities were mentioned as a serious problem facing the United States in the President's 2006 State of the Union address.
In United States, economists and consumer advocates generally consider insurance to be worthwhile for low-probability, catastrophic losses, but not for high-probability, small losses.
Another survey in 2007 conducted by the University of New Hampshire Survey Center found that 73 % of labor economists surveyed in the United States believed a 150 % of the then-current minimum wage would result in employment losses and 68 % believed a mandated minimum wage would cause an increase in hiring of workers with greater skills.
( 1998 ) polled labor economists at the top 40 research universities in the United States on a variety of questions in the summer of 1996.
The standard of living in the United States is one of the top 20 in the world by the standards economists use as measures of standards of living.
Although many economists, such as George Akerlof, Paul Krugman, Robert Shiller, and Joseph Stiglitz, support Keynesian stimulus, over 300 economists signed a petition stating that they do not believe higher government spending will help the United States economy recover from the late-2000s recession.
However, actual trade in gold bullion as a precious metal within the United States was banned after 1933, with the explicit purpose of preventing the " hoarding " of private gold during an economic depression period in which maximal circulation of money was desired by influential economists.
Some economists believe the United States may be currently experiencing deflation as part of the Financial crisis of 2007 – 2010 ; compare the theory of debt-deflation.
Some economists consider the recent bank bailouts in the United States to be corporate welfare.
In the United States, for example, the economy saw stable inflation despite low unemployment during the late 1990s, contradicting most economists ' estimates of the NAIRU.
According to the United States Department of Labor, there were around 15, 000 non-academic economists in the United States in 2008, with a median salary of roughly $ 83, 000, and with the top ten percent earning more than $ 147, 040 annually.
Policy advising and analyzing of economic current trends are among the main responsibilities of economists in the United States.
In May 2007, local economists expressed serious concerns when it was revealed that the Puerto Rico public debt equaled 76 % of its gross national product ( GNP ), making it one of the most indebted countries by percentage in the world, even more than the United States.
Each summer economists meet to discuss the future of the United States economy.
Canadian economists primarily define and value the Canadian dollar in terms of the United States dollar, and thus by observing how the Canadian dollar floats in terms of the US dollar, foreign-exchange economists can indirectly observe internal behaviours and patterns in the US economy that could not be seen by direct observation ( Canada ’ s primary foreign-trade relationship is with the United States ).
The magazine has also published two articles concerning income inequality, largely criticizing conservative economists for their attempts to deny the existence or negative effect increasing income inequality is having on the United States.
Historians and economists still have not agreed on the causes of the Great Depression, but there is general agreement that it began in the United States in late 1929, and was either started or worsened by " Black Tuesday ", the stock market crash of Thursday, October 24, 1929.
This has led some economists to believe that the actual unemployment rate in the United States is higher than what is officially reported while others suggest that discouraged workers voluntarily choose not to work.
The United States began to recover from the post-9 / 11 recession in 2003, but the robustness of the market ( 7 % GDP growth ), combined with the unemployment rate ( above 6 %), led some economists and politicians to refer to the situation as a " jobless recovery ".
United and typically
Modern arable agriculture typically uses large field ( agriculture ) | fields like this one in Dorset, England, United Kingdom
In the United States, farmland was typically divided as such, and the phrase " the back 40 " would refer to the 40 acre parcel to the back of the farm.
Regional dialects in the United States typically reflect some elements of the language of the main immigrant groups in any particular region of the country, especially in terms of pronunciation and vernacular vocabulary.
These " bars " are typically more akin to Culture of the United Kingdom | British " pub s " and are popular at lunchtime.
A blue law is a type of law, typically found in the United States, Scandinavia and, formerly, in Canada, designed to enforce religious standards, particularly the observance of Sunday as a day of worship or rest, and a restriction on Sunday shopping.
The contra dance tradition in North America is to change partners for every dance, while in the United Kingdom typically people dance with the same partner the entire evening.
As part of the supply chain, wholesalers in the United States and other nations purchase costume jewelry from manufacturers and typically import or export it to wholesale distributors and suppliers who deal directly with retailers.
In the United States, a daily strip appears in newspapers on weekdays, Monday through Saturday, as contrasted with a Sunday strip, which typically only appears on Sundays.
In the United States federal courts, a cross-examining attorney is typically not permitted to ask questions that do not pertain to the testimony offered during direct examination, but most state courts do permit a lawyer to cross-examine a witness on matters not raised during direct examination.
All missions to the United Nations are known simply as permanent missions, while EU Member States ' missions to the European Union are known as permanent representations and the head of such a mission is typically both a permanent representative and an ambassador.
The " beliefs " of school districts are optimistic that quite literally " all students will succeed ", which in the context of high school graduation examination in the United States, all students in all groups, regardess of heritage or income will pass tests that in the introduction typically fall beyond the ability of all but the top 20 to 30 percent of students.
United Methodists in the United States are encouraged to celebrate the Eucharist every Sunday, though it is typically celebrated on the first Sunday of each month, while a few go as long as celebrating quarterly ( a tradition dating back to the days of circuit riders that served multiple churches ).
Though the ritual is standardized, there is great variation amongst United Methodist churches, from typically high-church to low-church, in the enactment and style of celebration.
In the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom, and Ireland the modern children's folklore of Santa Claus typically includes green-clad elves with pointy ears, long noses, and pointy hats as Santa's helpers or hired workers.
Demonstrated ability in reading, mathematics, and writing, as typically measured in the United States by the SAT or similar tests such as the ACT, have often replaced colleges individual entrance exams, and is often required for admission to higher education.
In the United States, a trial in which the insanity defense is invoked typically involves the testimony of psychiatrists or psychologists who will, as expert witnesses, present opinions on the defendant's state of mind at the time of the offense.
Kirbati became a member of the United Nations in 1999 ; however, the nation does not maintain a resident ambassador in New York, and its vote is typically cast by New Zealand in a proxy arrangement.
In the United Kingdom it is typically called a loyalty card, in Canada a rewards card or a points card, and in the United States either a discount card, a club card or a rewards card.
According to the records compiled by the United States Sentencing Commission, in 2009, the United States Department of Justice typically convicted a little over 81, 000 people ; of this, approximately 800 are convicted of money laundering as the primary or most serious charge.
In the United States, misdemeanors are typically crimes with a maximum punishment of 12 months of incarceration, typically in a local jail as contrasted with felons, who are typically incarcerated in a prison.
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