In addition to mathematics and statistics, the arithmetic mean is used frequently in fields such as economics, sociology, and history, though it is used in almost every academic field to some extent.

The typical amateur astronomer is one who does not depend on the field of astronomy as a primary source of income or support, and does not have a professional degree or advanced academic training in the subject.

It is perhaps the need to balance the social and scientific aspects of archaeoastronomy which led Clive Ruggles to describe it as: "... field with academic work of high quality at one end but uncontrolled speculation bordering on lunacy at the other.

* Informatics ( academic field )

In recognition of Knuth's contributions to the field of computer science, in 1990 he was awarded the one-of-a-kind academic title of Professor of The Art of Computer Programming, which has since been revised to Professor Emeritus of The Art of Computer Programming.

Diaspora studies is an academic field established in the late twentieth century to study dispersed ethnic populations, which are often termed diaspora peoples.

An academic field, diaspora studies, has become established relating to this sense of the word.

As an academic field, philosophy of education is a " the philosophical study of education and its problems ... its central subject matter is education, and its methods are those of philosophy ".

The Delsons, who hailed from the prestigious Jewish center of Vilna, considered the Sapirs to be rural upstarts and were less than impressed with Sapir's career in an unpronounceable academic field.

Ethnology has been considered an academic field since the late 18th century especially in Europe and is sometimes conceived of as any comparative study of human groups.

However, his views now dominate psychiatric research and academic psychiatry, and today the published literature in the field of psychiatry is overwhelmingly biological in its orientation.

The Universiteit van Amsterdam ( UvA ) is the world's first academic institution to have created a complete program for research and teaching in the field of Western Esotericism.

This empirical perspective is applied to the newly emerging academic field of esotericism .”

Typically to work in higher education as a member of the academic faculty, a candidate must first obtain a doctorate in an academic field, although some lower teaching positions require only a master's degree.

* Indo-European studies, an academic field

A research library is most often an academic or national library, but a large special library may have a research library within its special field and a very few of the largest public libraries also serve as research libraries.

** Social science – field of academic scholarship that explores aspects of human society.

** Social science – field of academic scholarship that explores aspects of human society.

In addition to the interdisciplinary nature of the academic field, popular understandings of media studies encompass:

While government regulation of the use of this professional title is less universal than for " dietician ", the field is supported by many high-level academic programs, up to and including the Doctoral level, and has its own voluntary certification board, professional associations, and peer-reviewed journals, e. g. the American Society for Nutrition and the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition.

The earliest academic studies of contemporary Paganism were published in the late 1970s and 1980s by scholars like Margot Adler, Marcello Truzzi and Tanya Luhrmann, although it would not be until the 1990s that the actual multidisciplinary academic field of Pagan studies properly developed, pioneered by academics such as Graham Harvey and Chas S. Clifton.

The field is a major academic discipline, and is also important for mineral and hydrocarbon extraction, knowledge about and mitigation of natural hazards, some Geotechnical engineering fields, and understanding past climates and environments.

While the Middle Ages did see secular politics in practice under the rule of the Holy Roman Empire, the academic field was wholly scholastic and therefore Christian in nature.

Jensen's work, publicized by the Nobel laureate physicist William Shockley, sparked controversy amongst the academic community and student protests.

At that time, the journal did not practice academic peer review and did not submit the article for outside expert review by a physicist.

* Zvonko Marić, an academic physicist.

At times, they quote historical, and in most cases dead academics to back up their arguments ; for instance prominent pseudoarchaeologist Graham Hancock, in his seminal Fingerprints of the Gods ( 1995 ), repeatedly notes that the eminent physicist Albert Einstein once remarked positively on the theory of Earth Crustal Displacement ( a theory that has been abandoned by the academic community but which Hancock has adopted ).

" McCarthy remains active in the academic community of Santa Fe and spends much of his time at the Santa Fe Institute, which was founded by his friend, physicist Murray Gell-Mann.

* Yamakawa Kenjirō ( 1854 – 1931 ), graduate of Yale University, physicist, researcher, academic administrator, President of Tokyo University and Kyoto University

* Paul A. Fleury ( born 1939 ), American physicist and academic administrator

Most of his academic life, from 1912 to 1938, was spent at the University of Vienna, where he taught for example Kurt Gödel, who later said that Furtwängler's lectures on number theory were the best mathematical lectures that he ever heard ; Gödel had originally intended to become a physicist but turned to mathematics partly as a result of Furtwängler's lectures.

* Kurt Wiesenfeld, American physicist and academic

Alan Jay Heeger ( born January 22, 1936 ) is an American physicist, academic and Nobel Prize laureate in chemistry.

Kathy Sykes ( born 20 December 1966 ) is a British physicist, academic and broadcaster.

A. Ratcliffe, British ionospheric physicist and academic

* Peter Zimmerman ( born 1941 ), American nuclear physicist and academic

Robert C. Dynes ( born November 8, 1942 in London, Ontario, Canada ) is a Canadian-American physicist, researcher, and academic administrator, and professor of physics at the University of California, Berkeley, and the former President of the University of California system, and former Chancellor of the University of California, San Diego.

When the Nazi Party rose to power, he objected to its political restrictions on academic positions, leaving to take a position as a physicist with industrial dye firm I. G.

Jackson held academic appointments successively at McGill University, thanks to Philip Russell Wallace, a prominent Canadian theoretical physicist, ( January 1950 – 1957 ); then the University of Illinois at Urbana – Champaign ( 1957 – 1967 ); and finally the University of California, Berkeley ( 1967 –).

The character of the obsessed academic Rose Lorimer in Angus Wilson's 1956 novel Anglo-Saxon Attitudes is said to have been inspired in part by Murray and Frances Yates.

In a 1994 academic paper, the folklorist Jacqueline Simpson noted that British folklorists remembered Murray with " embarrassment " and a " sense of paradox.

Offered to Oxford by James Murray and the Philological Society, the " New English Dictionary " was a grand academic and patriotic undertaking.

* Keith Murray, Baron Murray of Newhaven ( 1903-1993 ), British academic

The late economist Murray Rothbard was a major influence on the Institute's activities and served as its academic vice president until his death in 1995.

At the time, Bradley was an unknown freelance writer with no official academic credentials, yet his essay, showing a close knowledge of several languages, contained criticism that none of Murray ’ s colleagues had been able to provide.

He also noted that certain archaeological scholars, like William Stukeley ( 1687-1765 ), Margaret Murray ( 1863-1963 ) and Marija Gimbutas ( 1921-1994 ) were seen as significant figures to both academic and alternative archaeologists.

An aggressive building campaign on campus has resulted in a westward expansion of the main academic campus of Murray State.

Murray State University offers 11 associate, 64 bachelor, and 42 master and specialist programs, which are administered through five academic colleges, two schools, 30 departments, and one joint program shared by the college of business and the college of science, engineering and technology.

Nicholas Murray Butler, Columbia's president, rejected student appeals to cancel the invitation, calling the request " illiberal " and citing the need for academic freedom.

His father later moved him out from Islamic school, as he wanted his son to follow the foot steps of Sir Syed Ahmad Khan, sending him to attend the Scotch Mission School managed and run by the local British family for academic education and after matriculation joined Murray College at Sialkot for intermediate study and graduation.

* Murray Rankin, QC prominent Canadian lawyer and academic

" Nonetheless, he noted that Where Witchcraft Lives was also historically inaccurate, because " she diffidently interpreted the facts that she was revealing within the framework supplied by the foremost contemporary academic expert in the early modern trials, Margaret Murray ", whose theories that Early Modern witchcraft was a surviving pre-Christian religion, have subsequently been disproved and dismissed by historians.

From 1904, his role in academic politics marked him as an independent spirit — too independent for the university's autocratic president Nicholas Murray Butler.

* Keith Murray, Baron Murray of Newhaven ( 1903 – 1993 ), British academic

Paul Murray Kendall ( 1 March 1911-21 November 1973 ) was an American academic and historian.