It may also be intended to mean the numerals used by Arabs, in which case it generally refers to the Eastern Arabic numerals.

These interventions were meant to put an end to democratic liberalization efforts and uprisings that had the potential to compromise Soviet hegemony inside the Eastern bloc, which was considered by the Soviets to be an essential defensive and strategic buffer in case hostilities with NATO were to break out.

In the case of both Catholics – ( Western and ) Eastern Catholic, Oriental Orthodox and Eastern Orthodox, they are usually leaders of territorial units called dioceses ( or its equivalent in the east, an eparchy ).

While it may well be the case that the people of the western stream spoke a language belonging to a wider Eastern Bantu division, it is a puzzle which remains to be resolved that they spoke a language most closely related to the languages just mentioned, all of which are today spoken in southeastern Africa.

Eastern Orthodox believe these qualify as icons, in that they were visible images depicting heavenly beings and, in the case of the cherubim, used to indirectly indicate God's presence above the Ark.

XIII by James of Bulgaria ), which would be passed to mean " funeral meal " and then " food to serve " during this office ( see today's μαχαρωνιά-macharōnia in Eastern Thrace, in the sense of " rice-based dish served at the funeral "), in which case the term would be composed of the double root of μακάριος " blessed " and αἰωνίος ( aiōnios ), " eternally ", and the second from the Greek μακαρία " barley broth ", which would have added the suffix-one.

Married men may become priests in Eastern Orthodoxy and the Eastern Catholic Churches, but in neither case may they marry after ordination, even if they become widowed.

1933 was a busy year for the court, which cleared its 20th case ( and " greatest triumph "); the Eastern Greenland Case.

While usually trying cases in appeal in third instance ( as is normally the case in the Eastern Catholic Churches ), or even in second instance if appeal is made to it directly from the sentence of a tribunal of first instance, it is also a court of first instance for cases specified in the law and for others committed to the Rota by the Roman Pontiff.

Deranged persons of all the three faiths are taken thither and chained in the court of the chapel, where they are kept for forty days on bread and water, the Eastern Orthodox priest at the head of the establishment now and then reading the Gospel over them, or administering a whipping as the case demands.

This was also the case in the Spring and Autumn Period in ancient China, when the Eastern Zhou Dynasty were nominal rulers.

In the " evil empire " speech, which also dealt with domestic issues, Reagan made the case for deploying NATO nuclear armed missiles in Western Europe as a response to the Soviets installing new nuclear armed missiles in Eastern Europe.

Examples include India (" cleft " between its Hindu majority and large Muslim minority ), Ukraine (" cleft " between its Eastern Rite Catholic-dominated western section and its Orthodox-dominated east ), France ( cleft between Sub-Saharan African, in the case of French Guiana ; and the West ), Benin, Chad, Kenya, Nigeria, Tanzania, and Togo ( all cleft between Islam and Sub-Saharan Africa ), Guyana and Suriname ( cleft between Hindu and Sub-Saharan African ), China ( cleft between Sinic, Buddhist, in the case of Tibet ; and the West, in the case of Hong Kong and Macau ), and the Philippines ( cleft between Islam, in the case of Mindanao ; Sinic, and the West ).

Dr. David Goldstein, a Duke University geneticist and director of the Duke Center for Human Genome Variation, has noted that the Technion and Ramban team confirmed that genetic drift played a major role in shaping Ashkenazi mitochondrial DNA, therefore mtDNA studies fail to draw a statistically significant linkage between modern Jews and Middle Eastern populations, however, this differs from the patrilineal case, where Dr. Goldstein said there is no question of a Middle Eastern origin.

Eastern basilicas may be single-naved, or have the nave flanked by one or two pairs of lower aisles ; it may have a dome in the middle: in this case it is called a " domed basilica ".

Roman Catholicism and Eastern Orthodoxy, motivated by their belief that authoritative doctrine can also come from tradition, have been more active in translating them as well as the Bible into the vernacular languages, though this has not always been the case.

Quint argues that Cleopatra ( not Antony ) fulfils Virgil's Dido archetype ; " woman is subordinated as is generally the case in The Aeneid, excluded from power and the process of Empire-building: this exclusion is evident in the poem's fiction where Creusa disappears and Dido is abandoned ... woman's place or displacement is therefore in the East, and epic features a series of oriental heroines whose seductions are potentially more perilous than Eastern arms ", i. e., Cleopatra.

The Eastern Churches perform the Mystery of Chrismation immediately after the Mystery of Baptism during the same ceremony, even in the case of infant baptism, using the sacred myron ( chrism ) which they believe contains a remnant of oil blessed by the Twelve Apostles.

Thus, a Rabbi, a Catholic priest, and an agnostic might agree that, in this particular case, the best approach is to withhold extraordinary medical care, while disagreeing on the reasons that support their individual positions.

With the descendents of Charles I thus either childless ( in the case of William III and Anne ) or Catholic, consideration then fell to the descendants of Elizabeth of Bohemia, the only other child of James I to have reached adulthood.

The form used in the Roman Rite included anointing of seven parts of the body while saying ( in Latin ): " Through this holy unction and His own most tender mercy may the Lord pardon thee whatever sins or faults thou hast committed deliquisti by sight hearing, smell, taste, touch, walking, carnal delectation ", the last phrase corresponding to the part of the body that was touched ; however, in the words of the 1913 Catholic Encyclopedia, " the unction of the loins is generally, if not universally, omitted in English-speaking countries, and it is of course everywhere forbidden in case of women ".

The Holy See accepts as valid the ordinations of the Old Catholics in communion with Utrecht, as well as the Polish National Catholic Church ( which received its orders directly from Utrecht, and was — until recently — part of that communion ); but Roman Catholicism does not recognise the orders of any group whose teaching is at variance with what they consider the core tenets of Christianity ; this is the case even though the clergy of the Independent Catholic groups may use the proper ordination ritual.

' Although members are asked to confess serious sins to him, unlike the Roman Catholic Church, he is not the instrument of divine forgiveness, merely a guide through the repentance process ( and a judge in case transgressions warrant excommunication or other official discipline ).

In addition to de facto renunciation through apostasy, heresy, or schism, the Roman Catholic Church envisaged from 1983 to 2009 the possibility of formal defection from the Church through a decision manifested personally, consciously and freely, and in writing, to the competent church authority, who was then to judge whether it was genuinely a case of " true separation from the constitutive elements of the life of the Church ... ( by ) an act of apostasy, heresy or schism.

Known as Tractarians after their production of Tracts for the Times on theological issues, they advanced the case for the Church of England being essentially a part of the ' Western Church ', of which the Roman Catholic Church was the chief representative.

He realized the importance of the Roman Catholic Church as a bastion of loyalty, legitimacy, social control, and stability, as had been the case in the colonial period.

Mary may not have been told of every Catholic plot to put her on the English throne, but from the Ridolfi Plot of 1571 ( which caused Mary's suitor, the Duke of Norfolk, to lose his head ) to the Babington Plot of 1586, Elizabeth's spymaster Sir Francis Walsingham and the royal council keenly assembled a case against her.

Excommunication is a religious censure used to deprive, suspend, or limit membership in a religious community or ( as in the case of the Catholic Church ) to restrict certain rights within it.

From Palamas's time until the 20th century, Roman Catholic theologians generally rejected the contention that, in the case of God, the distinction between essence and energies is real rather than, albeit with a foundation in reality, notional ( in the mind ).

The teaching of the Roman Catholic Church expressed in the Catechism of the Catholic Church is that " Baptism is necessary for salvation for those to whom the Gospel has been proclaimed and who have had the possibility of asking for this sacrament " and that, since " God has bound salvation to the sacrament of Baptism, but he himself is not bound by his sacraments ," " Baptism of blood " ( as in the case of the martyrs, who are understood to include the Holy Innocents ) and, for catechumens at least, the explicit desire for Baptism, " together with repentance for their sins, and charity ," (" Baptism of Desire ") ensure salvation for those unable to receive Baptism by water.

It was in relation to the latter that, in November 2008, the United States Court of Appeals in Cincinnati decided that a case over sexual abuse by Catholic priests could proceed, provided the plaintiffs could prove that the bishops accused of negligent supervision were acting as employees or agents of the Holy See and were following official Holy See policy.

The most famous case in England was that of Roman Catholic martyr St Margaret Clitherow, who ( in order to avoid a trial in which her own children would be obliged to give evidence ) was pressed to death on March 25, 1586, after refusing to plead to the charge of having harboured Catholic ( then outlawed ) priests in her house.

Catholic adjustment to the secular state: the case of Mexico, 1867 – 1911.

The council also decreed that every altar should contain a relic, which remains the case in modern Catholic and Orthodox regulations ( Canon VII ), and made a number of decrees on clerical discipline, especially for monks when mixing with women.

Panfilo is the storyteller of the first tale of the entire collection, which is also the first tale ridiculing then-current practices of the Roman Catholic Church ( in this case canonization by the people ).

The Catholic accounts differ too widely among themselves to present a unified case.

Additionally some Breakaway Catholic Churches such as the Mariavite Church in Poland have chosen to also designate their central church building as a temple, as in the case of the Temple of Mercy and Charity in Płock.

Although most Protestant Christians regard the beard as a matter of choice, some have taken the lead in fashion by openly encouraging its growth as " a habit most natural, scriptural, manly, and beneficial " ( C. H. Spurgeon ), or by banning shaving altogether, as in the case of some Presbyterian Churches.

The courts of the Roman Catholic Church are governed by the Code of Canon Law in the case of the Western Church ( Latin or Roman Rite ), and the Code of Canons of the Oriental Churches in the case of the Eastern Catholic Churches ( Byzantine, Ukrainian, Maronite, Melkite, etc .).

In the Greek Churches archbishops are ranked above metropolitans in precedence, as in the case of Archbishop Demetrios of America, who is the Primate of the Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of America, and primates of local churches below patriarchal rank are generally designated as archbishops.

Its rood screen was carved around 1500, but as is the case with many old English Churches, the figures were defaced during the Reformation.

Since 1976, when work was already advanced on revising the Code of Canon Law, the list has been qualified as " historical-juridical " and still includes as " orders " the following institutes for men of Latin Rite, while not distinguishing between " orders " and " congregations " in the case of the Eastern Catholic Churches and Latin-Rite women.

Churches and religious non-profits are something of a special case, because the First Amendment to the U. S. Constitution forbids the government making a law " respecting an establishment of religion " and also forbids " prohibiting the free exercise thereof is, of religion.

Churches that used a repeat-after-me manner of singing called lining out ( used primarily when sufficient numbers of psalm books were unavailable, or the congregation insufficiently literate, as was the case in the black church in Harper Lee's To Kill a Mockingbird ) would usually be led by the precentor, much as with other non-instrumental churches.

The Rota's main function is that of an appellate tribunal, ordinarily reviewing decisions of lower courts if the initial court ( first instance ) and the first appellate court ( second instance ) do not agree on the outcome of a case ; however, any party to an initial decision before a court of the Latin Church ( and also some Eastern Churches ) has the right to file a second-instance appeal directly to the Rota.

So was the case among other Provinces in the Roman Empire East & West ( Rome, Antioch, Jerusalem, Ephesus, Caesarea, Edessa, Seleucia and many others major Metropolitanates ), as the Bishops of these Major Cities, and those who were presiding over the Churches, which were first established within the region, became to be known as Archbishops.