A number of errors can happen if packets intended for unicast are accidentally sent to a multicast address ; in particular, sending ICMP packets to a multicast address has been used in the context of DoS attacks as a way of achieving packet amplification.

Parts of MIME are also reused in communication protocols such as HTTP, which requires that data be transmitted in the context of email-like messages even though the data might not ( and usually doesn't ) actually have anything to do with email, and the message body can actually be binary.

* X Window System protocols and architecture for context

Several RFCs mention a physical layer and data link layer, but that is in context of IEEE protocols.

* " EXTERNAL ", where authentication is implicit in the context ( e. g., for protocols already using IPsec or TLS )

In the IP context, there are several ways to multihome, separate from the actual protocols used to do so, amongst which the most important are:

Within the context of ESC differentiation protocols, EB formation is often used as a method for initiating spontaneous differentiation toward the three germ lineages.

Net-Lib is also able to support the impersonation of a logged in user's security context for protocols that support authenticated connections ( called trusted connections ).

The framework defined in this specification enables an application service to create a context needed to propagate an activity to other services and to register for coordination protocols.

In the context of distributed protocols, reliability properties specify the guarantees that the protocol provides with respect to the delivery of messages to the intended recipient ( s ).

Of course, this relationship can also be viewed in the context of the very strong, traditional, age-old bond between the Russian Orthodox Church and the Russian leadership.

Though his research interests were always in line with those of the German historicists, with a strong emphasis on interpreting economic history, Weber's defence of " methodological individualism " in the social sciences represented an important break with that school and an embracing of many of the arguments that had been made against the historicists by Carl Menger, the founder of the Austrian School of economics, in the context of the academic Methodenstreit (" debate over methods ") of the late 19th century.

In France, the Parlement de Paris, with its strong upper bourgeois background and Jansenist sympathies, opened the pressure to expel the Jesuits from France in the spring of 1761, and the published excerpts from Jesuit writings, the Extrait des assertions, provided anti-Jesuit ammunition ( though, arguably, many of the statements the Extrait contained were made to look worse than they were through judicious omission of context ).

The meaning of this statement was usually clear in context: He meant quarks are confined, but he also was implying that the strong interactions could probably not be fully described by quantum field theory.

In the context of binding protons and neutrons together to form atoms, the strong interaction is called the nuclear force ( or residual strong force ).

In a feminist context, it can indicate a strong or assertive woman, one who might make men feel threatened.

In the context of modern feminism, " bitch " has varied reappropriated meanings that may connote a strong female ( anti-stereotype of weak submissive woman ), cunning ( equal to males in mental guile ), or else it may be used as a tongue-in cheek backhanded compliment for someone who has excelled in an achievement.

As expressed by Grésillon " the fall of the Berlin Wall the end of 40 years of divided political, economic and cultural histories " and was " accompanied by a strong belief that city was now back on its ' natural ' way to become again a major metropolis " In the context of urban planning, in addition to a wealth of new opportunity and the symbolism of two former independent nations being re-joined, the reunification of Berlin presented numerous challenges.

Beginning in the late 19th century, the term " Hebrew " became popular among secular Zionists ; in this context the word alluded to the transformation of the Jews into a strong, independent, self-confident secular national group (" the New Jew ") sought by classical Zionism.

Movie critic Andrew O ' Hehir, noting the strong influences of Renoir, Rosselini and Satyajit Ray, said, " It's hard to overemphasize how strange and ambitious and completely out of context it was for a black urban filmmaker with no money and no reputation to make that kind of movie in 1977.

In this context, he had forged a strong network of relationships in antifascist circles.

During this period he formed strong ideas about the reportage of events, and their context in his own ideas of imperialism and democracy.

A diamondoid, in the context of building materials for nanotechnology components, most generally refers to structures that resemble diamond in a broad sense: namely, strong, stiff structures containing dense, 3-D networks of covalent bonds, formed chiefly from first and second row atoms with a valence of three or more.

Likely, the above context has a strong emphasis on autonomous self replication

While it is sometimes described as centre-right in the context of Quebec politics, the party believes in a strong role for government in the economy and supports socially liberal policies.

Bush found the songwriting " as strong and focused as the musicianship " and praised the songs ' social context, noting " unerringly positive compositions, reflecting the influence of the civil rights movement with nearly every song urging love, community, and knowledge as alternatives to the increasing hopelessness plaguing American society ".

" DIC can be difficult to diagnose, but a strong clue is low fibrinogen levels in the setting of prolonged clotting times ( PT or aPTT ), in the context of acute critical illness such as sepsis or trauma.

In the context of contentious debate over the suitability of Norse mythology as subjects of high art, in which the strong neoclassical training of northern academies, both Swedish and Danish, furnished powerful prejudices in favor of Biblical and Classical subjects, the members of the Götiska Förbundet sought to revive Viking spirit and related matters.

Islam also has a strong mystical tradition which places these heavenly delights in the context of the ecstatic awareness of God.

The use of such words as " complex ", " standard " and " proper " in the context of such a visceral subject as written language arouses strong emotional reactions, especially since there are also political ramifications in this case.

In the context of romantic love relationships, romance usually implies an expression of one's strong romantic love, or one's deep and strong emotional desires to connect with another person intimately.

Yoichiro Nambu, 87, of the University of Chicago, won half of the prize for the discovery of the mechanism of spontaneous broken symmetry in the context of the strong interactions, specifically chiral symmetry breaking.

Case studies frequently contain a strong element of narrative, which typically builds on plot, i. e., a sequence of events and their relationship to each other and to context.

Within that foundational topic, the establishment of sites demonstrating human antiquity in Mesoamerica has centered on the association of remains and artifacts with geologic strata ( context ) and on the reliability of the dating of the remains and strata ( methodologies ).

The National Public Radio show Car Talk has occasionally addressed this paradox in the context of automotive reliability.

In this context, the power output, torque, and responsiveness of the engine are of premium importance, but reliability and fuel efficiency are also relevant.

A good assessment has both validity and reliability, plus the other quality attributes noted above for a specific context and purpose.

" Content analysis is a summarising, quantitative analysis of messages that relies on the scientific method ( including attention to objectivity, intersubjectivity, a priori design, reliability, validity, generalisability, replicability, and hypothesis testing ) and is not limited as to the types of variables that may be measured or the context in which the messages are created or presented.

Narrative criticism is a complex field, but some central concerns include the reliability of the narrator, the question of authorial intent ( expressed in terms of the context in which the text was written and its presumed intended audience ), and the implications of multiple interpretation ( meaning an awareness that a narrative is capable of more than one interpretation, and thus of the implications of each ).

In the research provided by Underwood ( 2004 ) in their laboratory observation studies where they watch girls and boys in an identical social context in which best friends respond to a provoking newcomer, gender differences emerge not for the verbal behaviours, but for the nonverbal expressions of disdain and contempt ( which are so glaring that they were observed with high degrees of inter-coder reliability by both women and men, kappa ’ s exceeding. 8 ; Underwood et al., 2003 ).

This degree of reliability is not constant ; it can change depending on the context.

The expression was used more recently, in 2005, in the context of risk and reliability:

A proper reliability plan should normally always address RAMT analysis in its total context.

Another argument is that prediction of reliability based on historic data can be very misleading, as a comparison is only valid for exactly the same designs, products, manufacturing processes and maintenance under exactly the same loads and environmental context.

The use of past data to predict the reliability of new comparable systems / items can be misleading as reliability is a function of the context of use and can be affected by small changes in the designs / manufacturing.

A context aware network is suited to applications in which both reliability and the need for system evolution and customization are required.

This specification defines reliability in the context of current Web Services standards.