In antiquity, the Sanhedrin functioned essentially as the Supreme Court and legislature for Judaism, and had the power to administer binding law, including both received law and its own Rabbinic decrees, on all Jews — rulings of the Sanhedrin became Halakha ; see Oral law.

Although Orthodox Judaism acknowledges that rabbis made many decisions and decrees regarding Jewish Law where the written Torah itself is non-specific, they did so only in accordance with regulations given to them by Moses on Mount Sinai ( see Deuteronomy 5: 8-13 ).

The CJLS has also held that the Talmudic concept of Kavod HaBriyot permits lifting rabbinic decrees ( as distinct from carving narrow exceptions ) on grounds of human dignity, and used this principle in a December 2006 opinion lifting all rabbinic prohibitions on homosexual conduct ( the opinion held that only male-male anal sex was forbidden by the Bible and that this remained prohibited ).

This action was one of the acts brought up against him by the senatus-consulte of 3 April 1814, which pronounced his fall " considering that he has violated the constitutional laws by the decrees on the state prisons.

Similar passages include, for example, Exodus 17: 14, " And YHWH said unto Moses, Write this for a memorial in a book, and rehearse it in the ears of Joshua, that I will utterly blot out the remembrance of Amalek from under heaven ;" Exodus 24: 4, " And Moses wrote all the words of YHWH, and rose up early in the morning, and built an altar under the mount, and twelve pillars, according to the twelve tribes of Israel ;" Exodus 34: 27, " And Yahweh said unto Moses, Write thou these words, for after the tenor of these words I have made a covenant with thee and with Israel ;" and " These are the decrees, the laws and the regulations that the LORD established on Mount Sinai between himself and the Israelites through Moses.

At any rate, after Claudius's death he vented on him every kind of insult, in act and word, charging him now with folly and now with cruelty ; for it was a favourite joke of his to say that Claudius had ceased " to play the fool among mortals, lengthening the first syllable of the word morari, and he disregarded many of his decrees and acts as the work of a madman and a dotard.

* 1789 – French Revolution: Women of Paris march to Versailles in the March on Versailles to confront Louis XVI about his refusal to promulgate the decrees on the abolition of feudalism, demand bread, and have the King and his court moved to Paris.

" Among those included were the previous decrees placing various heliocentric works on the Index ("... which we will should be considered as though it were inserted in these presents, together with all, and singular, the things contained therein ...") and using his Apostolic authority he bound the faithful to its contents ("... and approve with Apostolic authority by the tenor of these presents, and: command and enjoin all persons everywhere to yield this Index a constant and complete obedience ...") Subsequent to Alexander VII's pontificate, the Index underwent a number of revisions.

He issued two other decrees: one confirmed an earlier decree of Pope Gregory X that ordered the shutting of the cardinals in a conclave to elect a new pope ; the second declared the right of any pope to abdicate the papacy, a right that he himself exercised at the end of five months and eight days at Naples on 13 December 1294.

These decrees were sent to Paschal II with a request for a confirmation, which they received on 20 October 1112.

These decrees were communicated to Calixtus II, who despatched the legate Lambert to assist at the synod that had been convoked at Worms, where, on 23 September 1122, the agreement known as the Concordat of Worms was concluded.

Most probably he was a deacon of the Roman Church and as such signed the decrees of the Roman council of 732 and was on intimate terms with Gregory III, whom he succeeded on 10 December 741.

Their collection of extracts from the Fathers was a mass of confused and ill-digested lore, and both their conclusions and the letters they wished the pope to forward to the Greeks were based on a complete misunderstanding of the decrees of the Second Council of Nicæa.

Members of the synod express their opinions on matters on an individual basis ( i. e. no decrees or resolutions are issued by the synod ), but the Pope, at his option, can grant it that power, in which case its decrees or resolutions are approved and promulgated by him alone ( can.

The Constituent Assembly elected Socialist-Revolutionary leader Victor Chernov President of a Russian republic, but rejected the Bolshevik proposal that it endorse the Soviet decrees on land, peace and workers ' control, and acknowledge the power of the Soviets of Workers ', Soldiers ' and Peasants ' Deputies.

The lengthened and revised pastoral constitution on the Church in the modern world, Gaudium et Spes, was followed by decrees on missionary activity, Ad Gentes and the ministry and life of priests, Presbyterorum Ordinis.

This included decrees on the pastoral office of bishops ( Christus Dominus ), the life of persons in religious orders ( expanded and modified from earlier sessions, finally titled Perfectæ Caritatis ), education for the priesthood ( Optatam Totius ), Christian education ( Gravissimum Educationis ), and the role of the laity ( Apostolicam Actuositatem ).

They also ensured that canon law would be recognized within some spheres ( e. g., church decrees of nullity in the area of marriage ).

However, although the decrees of the Second Council of the Lateran might still be interpreted in the older sense of prohibiting marriage only after ordination, they came to be understood as absolute prohibitions, and, while the fact of being married was formally made a canonical impediment to ordination only with the 1917 Code of Canon Law, the prohibition of marriage for all clerics in major orders began to be taken simply for granted.

A measure of Ossat's skill and tact may be gained by the French measures he was able to present successfully to the Holy See: the expulsion of the Jesuits from France, the non-publication of the decrees of the Council of Trent, the Edict of Nantes, and French alliances with England, and even with the Sultan of Turkey, the annulment of Henry IV's marriage with Margaret of Valois, and the marriage of the Duc de Bar with Catherine of Navarre, the king's sister and an unrepentant Calvinist.

Other issues occasioning the split were Lefebvre's order that Society priests must accept the decrees of nullity handed down by diocesan marriage tribunals and the acceptance of new members into the group who had been ordained to the priesthood according to the revised sacramental rites of Pope Paul VI.

* retrospective legitimation by the marriage of the natural parents ( validity of divorce decrees ).

Perhaps the most substantial of early references are the several decrees of the Council of Elvira, convened in the early fourth century, which address proper Christian behavior with regard to the Jews of Spain, notably forbidding marriage between Jews and Christians.

The session retrospectively made all the decrees already passed since March 1933 legal.

* In London, a city ordinance decrees that heating with coal is forbidden when parliament is in session ( the ordinance is not particularly effective ).

Every decision made by three of these " deputations " — and in each of them the lower clergy formed the majority — received ratification for the sake of form in general congregation, and if necessary led to decrees promulgated in session.

Church pressure to restrain religious imagery affected art from the 1530s and resulted in the decrees of the final session of the Council of Trent in 1563 including short and rather inexplicit passages concerning religious images, which were to have great impact on the development of Catholic art.

Article 86 required the approval of the emperor, Duma and State Council for all laws, while Article 87 permitted the Tsar and his cabinet to issue decrees during times when the Duma was not in session.

* If Legislative Council is not in session, in exceptional cases, can issues decrees with force of law, but decrees must be presented to Legislative Council as soon as convened for approval or cease to have force of law

The SR-dominated assembly refused to recognize Soviet authority or its decrees, and during its last session on December 15 called for the convocation of an " all-socialist " Siberian Regional Duma and appointed a Provisional Siberian Council, answerable to the Duma, that would " act as a government ".

" The constitution enabled the Sovnarkom to issue decrees carrying the full force of law when the congress was not in session.

The congress then routinely approved these decrees at its next session.

* The Council of Illiberis decrees that priests must be celibate.

In yet another coup d ' état, he suspended ( March 1903 ) the constitution for half an hour, time enough to publish the decrees by which the old senators and councillors of state were dismissed and replaced by new ones.

" The position of Chairman of the National Defence Commission has been declared the " highest office of state " and has the " highest administrative authority " according to decrees issued by the Supreme People's Assembly.

Clement II's short pontificate, starting with the Roman synod of 1047, initiated an improvement in the state of affairs within the Roman Church, particularly by enacting decrees against simony.

He also issued decrees that effectively made Christianity the official state religion of the Roman Empire.

* February 10 – Mary of Burgundy, the daughter of Charles the Bold, is forced by her disgruntled subjects to sign the Great Privilege, by which the Flemish cities recover all the local and communal rights which had been abolished by the arbitrary decrees of the dukes of Burgundy, in their efforts to create in the Low Countries a centralized state.

Although they were elected, Ukrainian Hetmans had very broad powers and acted as heads of the Cossack state, their supreme military commanders, and top legislators ( by issuing administrative decrees ).

Its duties include submitting draft laws, decrees, and other bills to the National Assembly and the Council of State ; drafting state plans and budgets and implementing them following the National Assembly's approval ; managing the development of the national economy ; organizing national defense activities and assuring the preparedness of the armed forces ; and organizing and managing the state's foreign relations.

In Oedipus the King, he appears to favor the will of the gods above decrees of state.

Louisiana state law decrees that these containers are considered a " closed container " so long as they have tape across the flap to ensure that drinking and driving does not occur.

* Publication of state functions: laws, decrees and major fiscal accounts were published, and criminal and civil trials were also held in public

Under this agreement, the provinces and towns of Flanders, Brabant, Hainaut, and Holland recovered all the local and communal rights which had been abolished by the decrees of the dukes of Burgundy in their efforts to create a centralized state on the French model out of their separate holdings in the Low Countries.

They were, he said, opposed to scripture, to the traditions of the Church for the first 1000 years, to historical evidence, to the decrees of the general councils, and to the existing relations of the Roman Catholic Church to the state in every country in the world.

Different kinds of notarius existed: some recorded proceedings, others transcribed state papers, some supplied magistrates with legal forms, and others registered judgements and decrees.

Within the bounds of the authority granted to the head of state by the Constitution and other laws, the President also shapes the basic domestic policy guidelines by issuing legal regulations and through organizational and regulatory activity, such as issuing decrees and executive orders.

President of the Republic of Turkey has the constitutional right to represent the Supreme Military Command of the Turkish Armed Forces, on behalf of the Turkish Grand National Assembly, and to decide on the mobilization of the Turkish Armed Forces, to appoint the Chief of the General Staff, to call the National Security Council to meet, to preside over the National Security Council, to proclaim martial law or state of emergency, and to issue decrees having the force of law, upon a decision of the Council of Ministers meeting under his / her chairmanship.

Later, Qianlong went to the southern part of the country four times, he stayed in Chen's house in Haining, leaving behind his calligraphy and also frequently issued imperial decrees making and maintaining Haining as a tax-free state.

# decree the state of defense and the state of siege, in accordance with the constitional procedures that shall precede and authorize those emergency decrees ;

The official head of the government is the Celestial Emperor, but in practice everyday affairs of state are handled by the Chancellor, who executes the Emperor's decrees, oversees the bureaucracy and controls the information that reaches the emperor's ears.

The most important task of the President is to be Commander-in-Chief of the armed forces and to be leader during the state of war when he can issue decrees with the force of law.

His utter defeat meant the legal and political termination of the autonomous parliaments in the Crown of Aragon, as the Nueva Planta decrees were passed and King Philip V of Spain of the new House of Bourbon sealed the transformation of Spain from a de facto unified realm into a de jure centralized state.

A state of emergency enabled the central government to issue executive decrees without requiring the consent of Parliament.

The first actions taken by the Desai government were to formally end the state of emergency and media censorship and repeal the controversial executive decrees issued during the Emergency.