In antiquity, the lighthouse functioned more as an entrance marker to ports than as a warning signal for reefs and promontories, unlike many modern lighthouses.

While sovereignty has roots in antiquity, in its present usage it is essentially modern.

A product of meticulous labour and unwearying attention, the Old Testament verse divisions stand today in essentially the same places as they have been passed down since antiquity.

Morton ’ s polygenism explicitly stated the Mound Builders were an American Indian race of great antiquity, they did not migrate from Asia, and their physical form has remained essentially unchanged in their descendants.

Olivier de Noyen, a poet and scholar active in the 14th Century Papal Court at Avignon, had to watch his father burning his beloved copy of Cicero-but then de Noyen re-wrote it from memory, and the incident determined him to devote his life to finding and preserving the books of antiquity.

Court musician was a traditional profession for the blind in China in antiquity.

Bentham follows these statements with explanations on how antiquity, religion, reproach of innovation, metaphor, fiction, fancy, antipathy and sympathy, begging the question, and imaginary law are not justification for the creation of legislature.

A widespread tradition in antiquity suspected Aristotle of playing a role in Alexander's death, but there is little evidence for this.

In Italian, possibly following a tradition of antiquity, the Arcipelago ( from medieval Greek * ἀρχιπέλαγος ) was the proper name for the Aegean Sea and, later, usage shifted to refer to the Aegean Islands ( since the sea is remarkable for its large number of islands ).

Amethyst was used as a gemstone by the ancient Egyptians and was largely employed in antiquity for intaglio engraved gems.

He displayed great literary skill in his exposition of the laws, and was one of the first to interpret the civil law by the history, languages and literature of antiquity, and to substitute original research for the servile interpretations of the glossators.

By a public decree, this fine work was placed in one of the stanze of the Vatican hitherto reserved for the most precious works of antiquity.

Extracts from plants containing toxic alkaloids, such as aconitine and tubocurarine, were used since antiquity for poisoning arrows.

It was famous in antiquity for its oracle of Apollo Abaeus, one of those consulted by Croesus, king of Lydia, and Mardonius, among others.

His two major works, Enquiry into Plants and On the Causes of Plants constitute the most important contribution to botanical science during antiquity and the Middle Ages, and held that position for some seventeen centuries after they were written.

The 1549 book was, from the outset, intended only as a temporary expedient, as Bucer was assured having met Cranmer for the first time in April 1549: ' concessions ... made both as a respect for antiquity and to the infirmity of the present age ' as he wrote.

Oxford classicist Edward Copleston said that classical education “ communicates to the mind … a high sense of honor, a disdain of death in a good cause, a passionate devotion to the welfare of one ’ s country ”, thus concurring with Cicero that: “ All literature, all philosophical treatises, all the voices of antiquity are full of examples for imitation, which would all lie unseen in darkness without the light of literature ”.

In antiquity, Greek reports of cannibalism, ( often called anthropophagy in this context ) were related to distant non-Hellenic barbarians, or else relegated in Greek mythology to the ' primitive ' chthonic world that preceded the coming of the Olympian gods: see the explicit rejection of human sacrifice in the cannibal feast prepared for the Olympians by Tantalus of his son Pelops.

Although technically even modern paperbacks are codices, the term is now used only for manuscript ( hand-written ) books which were produced from Late antiquity until the Middle Ages.

Sodium carbonate (" soda " or " natron ") and potassium carbonate (" potash ") have been used since antiquity for cleaning and preservation, as well as for the manufacture of glass.

Visual arts have a tradition, stretching back to antiquity, of artifacts meant to fool the eye and be mistaken for reality.

The most familiar use of diamonds today is as gemstones used for adornment, a use which dates back into antiquity.

In antiquity, different explanations were already proffered for the first element of her name.

In the uncial script ( used for literary papyrus manuscripts in late antiquity and then in early medieval vellum codices ), the " lunate " shape ( x12px ) became predominant.

We may be heading not for general breakdown but for an epoch as horribly stable as the slave empires of antiquity.

In that the revival of classical antiquity became necessary to the achievement of the Renaissance, his defense of the importance of ancient literature was an essential requirement for its development.

Although The Histories were often criticized in antiquity for bias, inaccuracy and plagiarism — Lucian of Samosata attacked Herodotus as a liar in Verae Historiae and went as far as to deny him a place among the famous on the Island of the Blessed — modern historians and philosophers take a more positive view of Herodotus's methodology, especially those searching for a paradigm of objective historical writing.

Josephus's Against Apion is a two-volume defence of Judaism as classical religion and philosophy, stressing its antiquity, as opposed to what Josephus claimed was the relatively more recent tradition of the Greeks.

Modern scholars of the 19th and 20th centuries turned to the Yerushalmi as an invaluable source for the history of Judaism and the development of rabbinical law in late antiquity.

In the 1930s Jones and Monro argued that the chief Semitic languages of Ethiopia may suggest an antiquity of Judaism in Ethiopia.

The words do earlier appear together in print in the sentence " according Aramaic primacy among the languages ," in Lee I. Levine, Judaism and Hellenism in antiquity: conflict or confluence 1998 but only as a general expression used to note the primacy of Aramaic over other languages in specific context, and also describing " Aramaic's predominance " over Hebrew and Greek in Second Temple Jerusalem.

Contra Apionem or In Apionem ) was a polemical work written by Flavius Josephus as a defense of Judaism as a classical religion and philosophy, stressing its antiquity against what he perceived as more recent traditions of the Greeks.

After Andromeda's death, as Euripides had promised Athena at the end of his Andromeda, produced in 412 BCE, the goddess placed her among the constellations in the northern sky, near Perseus and Cassiopeia ; the constellation Andromeda, so known since antiquity, is named after her.

Sometimes referred to as the Princeps mathematicorum ( Latin, " the Prince of Mathematicians " or " the foremost of mathematicians ") and " greatest mathematician since antiquity ", Gauss had a remarkable influence in many fields of mathematics and science and is ranked as one of history's most influential mathematicians.

The term dagger appears only in the Late Middle Ages, reflecting the fact that while the dagger had been known in antiquity, it had disappeared during the Early Middle Ages, replaced by the hewing knife or seax.

In antiquity, the Greek historian Herodotus mentioned that the world had been divided by unknown persons into three parts, Europe, Asia, and Libya ( Africa ), with the Nile and the River Phasis forming their boundaries — though he also states that some considered the River Don, rather than the Phasis, as the boundary between Europe and Asia.

Beekes argued that the people later known as the Lydians and Etruscans had originally lived in northwest Anatolia, with a coastline to the Sea of Marmara, whence they were driven by the Phrygians c. 1200 BC, leaving a remnant known in antiquity as the Tyrsenoi.

Although the properties of sugar had been known in India in antiquity, it was not traded as a sweetener until industrial-scale production developed in the 6th century.

" The Islamic Abbasid caliphs gathered many classic works of antiquity and had them translated into Arabic within the House of Wisdom in Baghdad, Iraq.

The voyages were made in very small ships, mostly the caravel, a light and maneuverable vessel that used the lateen sail which had been the prevailing rig in Christian Mediterranean navigation since late antiquity.

Rousseau had no recollection of learning to read, but he remembered how when he was 5 or 6 his father encouraged his love of reading: Not long afterward, Rousseau abandoned his taste for escapist stories in favor of the antiquity of Plutarch's Lives of the Noble Greeks and Romans, which he would read to his father while he made watches.

Since antiquity in various parts of the world, and since the 17th century in England, it had been known that citrus fruit had an antiscorbutic effect, when John Woodall ( 1570 – 1643 ), an English military surgeon of the British East India Company recommended them but their use did not become widespread.

However, the tradition is comparatively late ( it dates from Josephus, a 1st century AD historian ), and scholars are practically unanimous that the book had a long period of growth, that it includes some material of considerable antiquity, and that it reached its present form in the Persian period ( 538 – 332 BC ).

In Europe, technological, cultural, and social developments had forced a dramatic transformation in the character of warfare from antiquity, changing military tactics and the role of cavalry and artillery.

Many of Peter ’ s recipes have been found surprisingly effective by contemporary research, and it is believed that women in antiquity had more control over their reproduction than previously believed.

There is evidence that the major Games in Greek antiquity easily had four tournament rounds, that is, a field of sixteen athletes.

Some historians describe Coubertin as the instigator of the modern Olympic movement, a man whose vision and political skill led to the revival of the Olympic Games which had been practised in antiquity.

Treatment by fresh food, particularly citrus fruit, was periodically implemented, as it had been since antiquity, but the ultimate cause of scurvy was not known until 1932, and treatment was inconsistent, with many ineffective treatments used into the 20th century.

Key scientific ideas dating back to classical antiquity had changed drastically over the years, and in many cases been discredited.

Being more visible, the tholoi all had been plundered either in antiquity, or in later historic times.

The healthy cool air of the Quirinal Hill attracted aristocrats and papal families that built villas where the gardens of Sallust had been in antiquity.

The rude ways of the Highlanders were often scorned, but their toughness also called forth a degree of admiration among " hard " primitivists, just that of the Spartans and the Germans had done in antiquity.

During the 19th century the idea that men were everywhere and always the same that had characterized both classical antiquity and the Enlightenment was exchanged for a more organic and dynamic evolutionary concept of human history.

It is evident that William desired to know the financial resources of his kingdom, and it is probable that he wished to compare them with the existing assessment, which was one of considerable antiquity, though there are traces that it had been occasionally modified.