After Rome became an empire, the ability to impress and persuade people by the spoken word lost much of its importance.

The English word " mandarin " ( from Portuguese mandarim, from Malay menteri, from Hindi mantri, from Sanskrit mantrin, meaning " minister or counsellor "), originally meant an official of the Chinese empire.

Reich (; ) is a German word cognate with the English word rich with the same meaning as an adjective, but more importantly its homonym as a noun, Reich, is usually used in German to designate a kingdom or an empire and also the Roman Empire.

The Jolof Empire was founded by a voluntary confederacy of States ; it was not an empire built on military conquest in spite of what the word " empire " implies.

The Latin word prīnceps ( older Latin * prīsmo-kaps, literally " the one who takes the first "), became the usual title of the informal leader of the Roman senate some centuries before the transition to empire, the princeps senatus.

Like most Greek colonies, the city was a small enclave of Greek life, and not an empire unto its own, in the later European sense of the word.

Any chamber used as a burial place is a catacomb, although the word is most commonly associated with the Roman empire.

Romanos began marching to the southeastern frontier of the empire to deal with this threat, but as he was advancing towards Lykandos, he received word that a Seljuk army had made an incursion into Pontus and plundered Neocaesarea.

** List of periods of regional peace, the word " pax " together with the Latin name of an empire or nation, used to refer to a period of peace or at least stability

The divinity sometimes appears as Aeternitas Imperii ( the " Eternity of Roman rule "), where the Latin word imperium (" command, power ") points toward the meaning " empire ," the English word derived from it.

The word Chagatai relates to the Chagatai Khanate, a descendant empire of the Mongol Empire, which was left to Genghis Khan's second son, Chagatai Khan.

The word China derives from this first dynasty of empire, the Qin ( or Chin ) Dynasty, under imperialist unifier Qin Shi Huang.

Seleucus was as good as his word, and not only gave up Stratonice, but also resigned to his son several provinces of his empire.

Known in Europe as Mandarins, after the Portuguese word for ' councillor ', this variety of bureaucrats passed a set of complicated examinations and were posted throughout the empire.

Though the German word Reich translates to the English word " empire " ( it also translates to such words as " realm " or " domain "), this translation was not used throughout the full existence of the German Reich.

In German, Reich does not presuppose a monarchical form of government ; but in English, the word " Empire " almost certainly does, even though the Latin word imperium, from which " empire " is derived, need not denote a monarchy.

As word of this tragedy spread across the empire, it combined with the catestrophic Russian defeat in the Far East to incite a major uprising against the emperor's authority.

It may be that " Babylon " is used here as a metaphor, dysphemism, or ' code word ' for the power of the Roman Empire, which was oppressing the nascent church much as the Babylonian empire had oppressed the Jewish people in Old Testament times ; with the reason given usually being that it was not considered safe or prudent to speak openly against Rome.

As the ARTS and SCIENCES, properly so called, are far from comprehending every necessary subject of inquiry, a considerable proportion of the work is allotted to HISTORY, BIOGRAPHY and GEOGRAPHY, in all their branches ; so that the Compiler flatters himself, that it will be found upon consultation, that there is not a word in the English Language ; a technical term in any Art or Science, an event of any importance in the history of mankind ; a city, town, kingdom, republic, or empire, in the Known World ; an opinion in Religion ; an article in Mythology ; a system of Philosophy ; or a great or learned character in the annals of Biography, that is not mentioned or described in the Encyclopaedia Perthesis.

These illiterate boors conscripted from villages all across the Czarina's empire had, Suvorov may have told Lewis, just two things a commander could count on: physical fitness and personal courage.

* in Vietnam's Annamite realm / empire, hau ( Hán tự: 侯 ) was a senior title of hereditary nobility, equivalent to marquis, for male members of the imperial clan, ranking under vuong ( king ), quoc-cong ( grand duke ), quan-cong ( duke ) and cong ( prince, but here under duke, rather like a German Fürst ), and above ba ( count ), tu ( viscount ), nam ( baron ) and vinh phong ( no equivalent ).

In 773 the Lombard Kingdom was annexed by the Frank empire ; the first Carolingian count of Genoa was Ademarus, who was given the title praefectus civitatis Genuensis.

His son Franz Conrad was made a baron of the empire () by Maximilian II, and a descendant was raised in 1773 to the rank of Imperial count ().

With the end of the Roman empire a Bavarian immigration began and the first mention of a Bavarian count as ruler of Bolzano dates from 679.

Fourcroy died in Paris on December 16, 1809, the very day on which he was created a count of the French empire.

Not until 1810 did he receive much notice from Napoleon's government, which then made him a chamberlain and created him a count of the empire.

In 1628 he was made a count of the empire.

Napoleon made him a senator and count of the empire.

Before this period be had been made count of the empire, and Commander of the Légion d ' honneur.

When Frederick III of Habsburg ascended to the throne, the Swiss suddenly faced a new situation in which they could no longer count on support from the empire.

Perevolochna was founded at the turn of the 13th to 14th century by the Lithuanian great count Vitaut as a fortified settlement in order to protect his empire against enemies from the East.

Instead of remaining near the person of the king, some of the counts palatine were sent to various parts of his empire to act as judges and governors, the districts ruled by them being called palatinates.

A county palatine or palatinate was an area ruled by an hereditary nobleman possessing special authority and autonomy from the rest of a kingdom or empire.

His purpose, however, was not to establish an empire, but to assert the principle of divine justice.

It was said that the Hetman plotted to take over the entire Hearst newspaper empire one day by means of various coups: the destruction of editors who tried to halt his course, the unfrocking of publishers whose mistakes of judgment might be magnified in secret reports to Mr. Hearst.

J. T. Shotwell was appalled by such spurious history as that which attributed the fall of the Carolingian empire to the woolen trade, and he urged Adams to `` transform his essay into a real history, embodying not merely those facts which fit into his theory, but also the modifications and exceptions ''.

One of these became the Latin alphabet, which was spread across Europe as the Romans expanded their empire.

During the 20th century BC the Indo-European Hittites entered the region and gradually established a great empire which was destroyed by invaders in the 12th century.

Following his death and the organisational deterioration of his empire, Asia Minor was ruled by a series of Hellenistic kingdoms which came under Roman control two hundred years later.

The Mitanni Empire was also an Indo-European ( and Hurrian ) speaking and Anatolian based empire.

Following his death and the breakup of his empire, Anatolia was ruled by a series of Hellenistic kingdoms, much of it being controlled by the Greek Seleucid Empire.

In consolidating his empire and subduing contending factions he was ably assisted by Nizam ul-Mulk, his vizier, and one of the most eminent statesmen in early Muslim history.

Around 500 BCE, following the Achaemenid conquest of Mesopotamia under Darius I, Old Aramaic was adopted by the conquerors as the " vehicle for written communication between the different regions of the vast empire with its different peoples and languages.

Under the early Roman empire the place was known as Caesarea, and was the metropolis of Cilicia Secunda.

There also is no mention of Troy, which was not far from Constantinople, capital of the Byzantine empire and militarily beyond the reach of the Vikings.

The wars which attended his accession both in Hungary and in Persia terminated unfavourably for the empire, and its prestige received its first check in the Treaty of Zsitvatorok, signed in 1606, whereby the annual tribute paid by Austria was abolished.

The Akkadian Empire was an empire centered in the city of Akkad and its surrounding region in Mesopotamia.

Shu-Durul ( 2168 – 2154 BC ) appears to have restored some order, however he was unable to prevent the empire eventually collapsing outright from the invasion of barbarian peoples from the Zagros Mountains known as the Gutians.

The empire was bound together by roads, along which there was a regular postal service.

The new Frankish alliance was important because of the Franks ' known hostility to the Byzantine empire, providing the Lombards with more than one option.

Afonso de Albuquerque ( or archaically spelt as Aphonso d ' Albuquerque and also spelt as Alfonso, and Alphonso ; ; 1453December 16, 1515 ), 1st Duke of Goa, was a Portuguese fidalgo, or nobleman, an admiral whose military and administrative activities as second governor of Portuguese India conquered and established the Portuguese colonial empire in the Indian Ocean.

Inheriting a collapsing empire and faced with constant warfare during his reign against both the Seljuq Turks in Asia Minor and the Normans in the western Balkans, Alexios was able to halt the Byzantine decline and begin the military, financial, and territorial recovery known as the Komnenian restoration.

Due to the troubled times the empire was enduring, he had by far the greatest number of rebellions against him of all the Byzantine emperors.

The Almoravid power was at its height at Yusuf's death, and the Moorish empire then included all North-West Africa as far as Algiers, and all of Iberia south of the Tagus, with the east coast as far as the mouth of the Ebro, and included the Balearic Islands.

Alyattes, king of Lydia ( 619 – 560 BC ), considered to be the founder of the Lydian empire, was the son of Sadyattes, of the house of the Mermnadae.

Amasis worrying that his daughter would be a concubine to the Persian king refused to give up his offspring ; Amasis also was not willing to take on the Persian empire so he concocted a trickery in which he forced the daughter of the ex-pharaoh Apries, whom Herodotus explicitly confirms to have been killed by Amasis, to go to Persia instead of his own offspring.