The ends of the tunnel were sealed in the fall of 1861.

After being bedridden with a case of pneumonia during the fall of 1861, Martin Van Buren died of bronchial asthma and heart failure at his Lindenwald estate in Kinderhook at 2: 00 a. m. on July 24, 1862.

He fled to the fortress of Gaeta, which was captured by the Piedmontese troops on 13 February 1861 ; his kingdom was incorporated in the Kingdom of Italy on 17 March 1861, after the fall the fortress of Messina ( surrendered on 12 March 1861 ), although the Neapolitan troops in Civitella del Tronto resisted until 20 March.

In 1861, with the fall of Two Sicilies, the region joined Italy.

Victor Emanuel supported Giuseppe Garibaldi's Expedition of Thousand ( 1860 – 1861 ), which resulted in the rapid fall of the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies in southern Italy.

With the fall of Fort Sumter in 1861 to the Confederate Army, President Abraham Lincoln called on volunteers to preserve the Union.

In the fall of 1861 a different crew of surveyors marked all the section corners in the township, walking through the woods and swamps, measuring with chain and compass.

In the fall of 1861, a proposal for a battlefield decoration for valor was memorandumed to Winfield Scott, the general-in-chief of the army, by Lt.

Stone had been relieved, arrested, and imprisoned for his role in the Battle of Ball's Bluff in the fall of 1861, despite the lack of any trial.

In the fall of 1861, Sheridan was ordered to travel to Jefferson Barracks, Missouri, for assignment to the 13th U. S. Infantry.

During the American Civil War, after the fall of Fort Sumter, in April 1861, Sumner, Chandler and Wade repeatedly visited President Abraham Lincoln at the White House speaking on slavery and the rebellion.

In the fall of 1861, Rust and the 3rd Arkansas took part in the Battle of Cheat Mountain under Lee.

Starting in January 1861, the United States began to slowly fall apart ; South Carolina, Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, and Texas had all seceded from the Union.

During most of the period from the fall of Rome until the Kingdom of Italy was established in 1861, the peninsula was divided into several smaller states.

Edouard Thouvenel was the French Foreign Minister for all of 1861 until the fall of 1862.

While business had been slow or depressed in spring 1861 because of war fears and Southern boycotts, by fall business was hiring again, offering young men jobs that were an alternative way to help win the war.

Born in Halifax, he was mayor of Halifax from 1861 to 1864 before entering provincial politics as a supporter of Canadian confederation in 1867 serving as Provincial Secretary in the Conservative cabinet of Hiram Blanchard but lost his seat in the fall 1867 election that defeated the government.

Upon the closing of the seminary in April 1861, at the start of the Civil War, the NELC decided to open its own college that fall in a former parsonage at Halfway Creek, Wisconsin, just north of La Crosse, Wisconsin and close to present day Holmen, Wisconsin.

In the fall of 1861, he assisted in the capture of the forts at Hatteras Inlet ; then, taking command of a flotilla in the North Carolina sounds, he cooperated in the capture of Roanoke Island in February 1862.

In April 1861, soon after the fall of Fort Sumter, it was the site of a patriotic rally of perhaps a quarter of a million people that is thought to have been the largest public gathering in North America up to that time.

The organization of society and the government system, from Peter the Great's central institutions to Catherine's provincial administration, remained basically unchanged until the emancipation of the serfs in 1861 and, in some respects, until the fall of the monarchy in 1917.

Soon after the fall of Fort Sumter, he was promoted to captain of the 8th U. S. Infantry, and by October 29, 1861, he was Colonel of the 41st Ohio Infantry.

In the fall of 1862, Confederate laws were changed to permit the employment of women in hospitals as members of the Confederate Medical Department.

Sherman served under General Ulysses S. Grant in 1862 and 1863 during the campaigns that led to the fall of the Confederate stronghold of Vicksburg on the Mississippi River and culminated with the routing of the Confederate armies in the state of Tennessee.

Confederate armies had been on the move earlier in the fall, invading Kentucky and Maryland, and although each had been turned back, those armies remained intact and capable of further action.

If enough Union troops filled the breach quickly enough and drove into the Confederate rear area, the Confederates would not be able to muster enough force to drive them out, and Petersburg might fall.

During the chaos of the fall of Richmond in early April 1865, Breckinridge saw to it that the Confederate archives, both government and military, were not destroyed but rather captured intact by the Union forces.

After the fall of Atlanta, Confederate General John Bell Hood led his Army of Tennessee from the Atlanta battlegrounds to the north and west in an attempt to lead General William Tecumseh Sherman's Army of the Cumberland away from Atlanta and out of Georgia.

That fall, for example, Confederate forces ranged from 35, 000 to 60, 000, whereas the Army of the Potomac in September numbered 122, 000 men ; in early December 170, 000 ; by year end, 192, 000.

After the fall of Atlanta, a detachment of Sherman's cavalry was sent to raid the county ; but the Confederate Home Guard, made up of men too old for military duty, left the mountains on which Cornelia is situated and met the Yankee raiders at a narrow pass about four miles east of the town.

The capture of the shipyard allowed a tremendous amount of war material to fall into Confederate hands.

During Confederate General Braxton Bragg's invasion of Kentucky in the fall of 1862, the Union high command became nervous about Buell's cautious tendencies and offered command of the Army of the Ohio to Thomas, who refused.

After the withdrawal of regular Confederate troops in the fall of 1864, a bitter guerrilla conflict soon began between bands of pro-Confederate irregulars ( commonly known as bushwhackers ) and the Union homeguards.

" The success of Morgan's raid was one of the key reasons that the Confederate Heartland Offensive of Braxton Bragg and Edmund Kirby Smith was launched later that fall, assuming that tens of thousands of Kentuckians would enlist in the Confederate Army if they invaded the state.

On July 9, 1863, after hearing of the fall of Vicksburg, the Confederate garrison of Port Hudson surrendered, opening the Mississippi River to Union navigation from its source to the Gulf of Mexico.

Writing to Major General Mansfield Lovell, Commander of the lower Mississippi in March 1862, Beauregard recommended, “… the fortification of Port Hudson as a measure of precaution against the fall of our defenses north of Memphis .” In June 1862, Major General Earl Van Dorn wrote Jefferson Davis: “ I want Baton Rouge and Port Hudson ” A few days after the fall of Baton Rouge to the Union, Confederate General John C. Breckinridge with 4, 000 men, carried out the wishes of General Van Dorn by occupying Port Hudson, situated between Baton Rouge and Bayou Sara, with troops under the command of General Daniel Ruggles.

Following the fall of Little Rock in 1863, Arkansas ' Confederate government, led by Governor Harris Flanagin, went into exile.

After the fall of Fort Sumter and the secession of the Upper South states, both the United States and the Confederate States began in earnest to raise large, mostly volunteer, armies with the objectives of putting down the rebellion and preserving the union, on the one hand, or of establishing independence from the United States, on the other hand.

With the fall of Richmond, Virginia, in April 1865, Semmes supervised the destruction of all the squadron's nearby warships and was then appointed a brigadier general in the Confederate States Army.

In the fall, the extremely rare Confederate Yellow Daisy ( Helianthus porteri ) flowers appear on the mountain, growing in rock crevices and in the large wooded areas.

Camp Nelson Confederate Cemetery is a historic cemetery located near Cabot in northern Lonoke County, Arkansas and is the site of Confederate military camp where 1, 500 Confederate soldiers died during an epidemic during the fall of 1862.