The Somoza family also controlled the PLN, which in turn controlled the legislature and judicial system, thus giving Somoza absolute power over every sphere of Nicaraguan politics.

It plays a major role in the judicial and education systems and has a monopoly of authority in the sphere of religious and social morals.

Included within the governor's sphere of jurisdiction is the power to appoint all judges of the various courts within the Hawaiian judicial system, subject to Senatorial approval.

After Diocletian's reforms, the functions of the Prefect embraced a wide sphere ; they were administrative, financial, judicial, and even legislative.

They held both judicial and executive power within their sphere of responsibility ( hence the modern use of the term " magistrate " to denote both judicial and executive officers ), and also had the power to issue ius honorarium, or magisterial law.

The Court held in Eastland v. United States Servicemen's Fund that Congressional subpoenas are within the scope of the Speech and Debate clause which provides " an absolute bar to judicial interference " once it is determined that Members are acting within the " legitimate legislative sphere " with such compulsory process.

" Their activity " passed, by gradual expansion, from the judicial sphere into that of administration and legislation.

Initially, in the 13th century, influence of nobles made itself felt only in the judicial sphere.

Hatt-i Sharif tried to end the confusion in the judicial sphere by extending the legal equality to all citizens.

Jones, he was " a kind of grand vizier, the emperor's second in command, wielding a wide authority in almost every sphere of government, military and judicial, financial and general administration.

While administrative decision-making bodies are often controlled by larger governmental units, their decisions could be reviewed by a court of general jurisdiction under some principle of judicial review based upon due process ( United States ) or fundamental justice ( Canada ).

In the United States, many government agencies are organized under the executive branch of government, although a few are part of the judicial or legislative branches.

At worst, abusing judicial discretion would actually pave the way to a biased decision, rendering obsolete the judicial process in question — rule of law being illicitly subordinated by rule of man under such discriminating circumstances.

The judicial Power shall extend to all Cases, in Law and Equity, arising under this Constitution, the Laws of the United States, and Treaties made, or which shall be made, under their Authority ..." The first famous statement of " the judicial power " was Marbury v. Madison,.

Unanimity is nearly always used where foreign policy is concerned, and in a number of cases under police and judicial co-operation.

Although not strictly " class action litigation " as it is understood in American law, Public Interest Litigation arose out of the wide powers of judicial review granted to the Supreme Court of India and the various High Courts under Articles 32 and 226 of the Constitution of India respectively.

Diocletian's reforms shifted the governors ' main function to that of the presiding official in the lower courts: whereas in the early Empire military and judicial functions were the function of governor, and procurators had supervised taxation ; under the new system vicarii and governors were responsible for justice and taxation, and a new class of duces (" dukes "), acting independently of the civil service, had military command.

A judicial recount under the jurisdiction of a special panel of the High Court began on 10 May 2004 and ended on May 18, 2004.

Alexander Gordon ( 1739 – 1792 ), third son from the third marriage of the second Earl, was a Lord of Session from 1788 to 1792 under the judicial title of Lord Rockville.

This signified that under normal political circumstances, the imperium-bearing magistrates did not have the judicial power of life and death ; within the city, that power rested with the people through the assemblies.

However, courts and various levels of government have indicated that the right is not without limit, and restrictions such as a prohibition of certain persons from owning or handling a gun ( convicted felons, mentally ill persons, persons under a restraining order ), a ban on certain types of ammunition ( armor-piercing, incendiary / tracer, explosive ), registration and restriction of certain types of firearms ( automatic weapons, short-barrelled shotguns, certain types of modifications ), and licensing requirements for possession or for public carry, have often passed judicial scrutiny ( although some of these points remain untested and others are currently under challenge ).

In order to reverse the steady economic decline under Touré's rule, the CMRN reorganized the judicial system, decentralized the administration, promoted private enterprise, and encouraged foreign investment

A controversial GCHQ case determined the scope of judicial review of prerogative powers ( the Crown's residual powers under common law ).

They imposed on the parts of Afghanistan under their control their political and judicial interpretation of Islam issuing edicts forbidding women to work outside the home, attend school, or to leave their homes unless accompanied by a male relative.

India's independent judicial system began under the British, and its concepts and procedures resemble those of Common Law countries.

Vayiqra ( Leviticus ) forbids sexual intercourse between males, classifying it as a to ' eivah ( something abhorred or detested ) that can be subject to capital punishment under Jewish law, although Halakhic courts are not authorized to administer capital punishment in the absence of a Temple in Jerusalem and the entire judicial system as mandated by Jewish Law.

It reorganized the English court system to establish the High Court and the Court of Appeal and also originally provided for the abolition of the judicial functions of the House of Lords with respect to England but, under the act, it would have retained those functions in relation to Scotland and Ireland for the time being.

One of the reasons that the Liberal government under Gladstone wanted to abolish the judicial aspect of the House of Lords was that it was concerned for the poor quality of judges at this court.

However, under the Conservative government, the 1874 and 1875 Acts retained the judicial aspect of the House of Lords and ensured the quality of judicial appointments to the House of Lords was ensured by legislating, under the Appellate Jurisdiction Act 1876, for the mechanism of judicial life peers.

Officers of the court include: lawyers, judges, referees, and those appointed ; guardian ad litem, parenting time expeditors, mediators, rule 114 neutrals, evaluators, administrators, special appointees, and any others whose influence are part of the judicial mechanism.

It is where the court or a member is corrupted or influenced or influence is attempted or where the judge has not performed his judicial function --- thus where the impartial functions of the court have been directly corrupted.

While Hale was in possession of judicial impartiality, and his written works are considered highly important, his lack of venture into public affairs limited his progressive influence.

He reduced the influence of Kenyatta's men in the cabinet through a long running judicial enquiry that resulted in the identification of key Kenyatta men as traitors.

Even in the U. S. Supreme Court the poem has had its influence: Justice William Rehnquist, in his concurring opinion in Northern Pipeline Co. v. Marathon Pipe Line Co., 458 U. S. 50 ( 1982 ), called judicial decisions regarding Congress's power to create legislative courts " landmarks on a judicial ' darkling plain ' where ignorant armies have clashed by night.

Minton did not enjoy the limited influence of his judicial role in the later years of his term, when he was more frequently in the minority in voting on cases.

Perhaps the most notorious example of circular reasoning, and the most important specific influence on Hale ’ s views about property, is that involved in judicial determination of the fair rates in which public utilities were entitled to charge under the Constitution.

However, Frankfurter's influence over other justices was limited by his failure to adapt to new surroundings, his style of personal relations ( relying heavily on the use of flattery and ingratiation, which ultimately proved divisive ), and his strict adherence to the ideology of judicial restraint.

81 of the Code also states ," It shall be unlawful for any foreigner, whether judicial or natural person, to aid any candidate or political party, directly or indirectly, or take part in or influence in any manner any election, or to contribute or make any expenditure in connection with any election campaign or partisan political activity.

This philosophy of judicial restraint failed to influence the decisions of the Supreme Court during Hand's lifetime and afterwards.

His influence was powerful in obliterating the traditions of the judicial bench under the Stuart monarchy, and in establishing the modern conception of the duties and demeanour of English judges.

Finally, the President has considerable powers to influence the judicial branch.

Because the United States incorporated parts of the former Viceroyalty of New Spain, the office had some influence in the local political and legal developments of those areas and is mentioned in judicial cases.

In 1795, after having practised twelve years as a barrister, and published a treatise proposing the incorporation of the judicial system of Wales with that of England, he was appointed to the office previously held by his brother of clerk of the rules in the king's bench ; and in June of the same year he was elected Member of Parliament for Helston, through the influence of the Duke of Leeds.

In general, the judicial system functioned effectively, but the government lacked the finances and cultural influence to extend the court system to the villages, where traditional peasant justice continued to operate with minimal interference from provincial officials.

Modern judicial interpretation has allowed the federal government to have a much greater influence over the economy.

These were Romans not under imperial control ; some of their reasons for rebellion may be indicated by the remarks of a Roman captive under Attila who was happy in his lot, giving a lively account of the vices of a declining empire, of which he had so long been the victim ; the cruel absurdity of the Roman princes, unable to protect their subjects against the public enemy, unwilling to trust them with arms for their own defence ; the intolerable weight of taxes, rendered still more oppressive by the intricate or arbitrary modes of collection ; the obscurity of numerous and contradictory laws ; the tedious and expensive forms of judicial proceedings ; the partial administration of justice ; and the universal corruption, which increased the influence of the rich, and aggravated the misfortunes of the poor.

Administrative influence in Maryland is divided among three branches of government: executive, legislative, and judicial.

Henry R. Horsey and William Duffy in their article on the Delaware Courts described Terry's tenure as Judge as follows: " In his twenty-five years on the bench, Judge Terry, or just plain " Charlie " as he preferred to be called, was, through his knowledge of the legislative process and influence with the General Assembly, instrumental in obtaining numerous judicial reforms.

They have absolute immunity from liability for their judicial acts and are triers of fact " insulated from political influence ".

The influence of these extra-legal norms harm the impartiality of administrative bodies as well as the judicial system.

Lai's attorney, Winnipeg lawyer David Matas, says it is doubtful Lai could ever get a fair trial in China, given the extent of communist party influence in the opaque judicial system.