Korean is copiously attested from the mid-15th century on in the phonetically precise Hangul system of writing ( ib.

At times between the 3rd and mid-15th century, antipopes were supported by a fairly significant faction of religious cardinals and secular kings and kingdoms.

First attested in English in the mid-15th century, the word carat came from Middle French carat, in turn from Italian carato, which came from Arabic qīrāṭ ( قيراط ), which came from Greek kerátion ( κεράτιον ) meaning carob seed ( literally " small horn ")

The Borgia family originally came from the Kingdom of Valencia, and rose to prominence during the mid-15th century ; Cesare's great-uncle Alonso Borgia ( 1378 – 1458 ), bishop of Valencia, was elected Pope Callixtus III in 1455.

From the mid-15th century, however, large scale sugar estates were established in the Canary Islands and the Azores, and sugar, although still a luxury item, ceased to be exceptionally rare.

The Middle High German is conventionally taken to end in 1350, while the Early New High German is taken to begin with the German Renaissance, after the invention of movable type in the mid-15th century.

By the mid-15th century, the Benin Empire was engaged in political expansion and consolidation.

By the mid-15th century the term lollard had come to mean a heretic in general.

With a brief interruption in the mid-15th century, Landau had a sizable Jewish community from the Middle Ages until the Nazi era, at one point the largest in the state of Rhineland-Palatinate, as well as one of its most prosperous ( many Jews were wine merchants ).

The devices to measure these three sprang up in the mid-15th century and were respectively the rain gauge, the anemometer, and the hygrometer.

Italians playing cards, Sancai-type bowl, Northern Italy, mid-15th century

True rifling dates from the mid-15th century, although military commanders preferred smooth bore weapons for infantry use because rifles were much more prone to problems due to powder fouling the barrel.

An early Italian humanist who came to Poland in the mid-15th century was Filip Callimachus.

They acquired the dukedom and Duchy of Milan from the previously ruling Visconti family in the mid-15th century, and lost it to the Spanish Habsburgs about a century later.

The tarot (; first known as trionfi and later as tarocchi, tarock, and others ) is a pack of playing cards ( most commonly numbering 78 ), used from the mid-15th century in various parts of Europe to play a group of card games such as Italian tarocchini and French tarot.

Three mid-15th century sets were made for members of the Visconti family.

The most famous was painted in the mid-15th century, to celebrate Francesco Sforza and his wife Bianca Maria Visconti, daughter of the duke Filippo Maria.

Modern movable type, along with the mechanical printing press, was invented in mid-15th century Germany by the goldsmith Johannes Gutenberg.

This is a key and new feature — first appearing in the mid-15th century — and from then on, it was employed on many different types of string instruments.

From the mid-15th century until 1882, spring carnival in Rome closed with a horse race.

In the mid-15th century, another branch of the Banu Uqayl, led by Zamil ibn Jabir, wrested control of Bahrain, founding the dynasty of the Bedouin Jabrids.

In mid-15th century Europe, Heinrich von Pfolspeundt described a process " to make a new nose for one who lacks it entirely, and the dogs have devoured it " by removing skin from the back of the arm and suturing it in place.

From the 13th to 17th centuries, it held the island of Crete and from the mid-15th to mid-16th century, the island of Cyprus.

Wealthy people began to build up personal libraries ; Philip the Bold probably had the largest personal library of his time in the mid-15th century, is estimated to have had about 600 illuminated manuscripts, whilst a number of his friends and relations had several dozen.

In the mid-15th century, Alfonso V of Aragon, " the Magnanimous ", allowed the peasants to form a sindicat remença, a peasants ' guild or primitive trade union, granted them their liberty and intervened in several other ways against the abuses.

By the mid-15th century, the Caribs had slashed the Arawak population from several million to a few thousand.

It contains, among other things, ducal kitchens dating back to the mid-15th century, and a substantial collection of European painting from Roman times through contemporary art.

Ahmed bin Majid's efforts in the mid-15th century allegedly helped the Portuguese navigator Vasco da Gama complete the first all water trade route between Europe and India by using an Arab map then unknown to European sailors.

In the mid-15th century, the Portuguese navigator Pedro de Sintra reached the cape, a 1, 000-foot high granite promontory, which he named Cabo do Monte ( Cape Mount ).

Prior to the invention of movable type in the West in the mid-15th century, texts were copied by hand and the small number of texts generated few occasions for these rights to be tested.

By the mid-15th century, Chancery Standard was used for most official purposes except by the Church ( which used Latin ) and for some legal purposes ( for which Law French and some Latin were used ).

Italian pottery of the mid-15th century was heavily influenced by Chinese ceramics.

Old Saint Peter's Basilica | Old St Peter's, Rome, as the 4th century basilica had developed by the mid-15th century, in a 19th-century reconstruction

The modern digraph th began to grow in popularity during the 14th century ; at the same time, the shape of thorn grew less distinctive, with the letter losing its ascender ( becoming similar in appearance to the old wynn (), which had fallen out of use by 1300 ) and, in some hands, such as that of the scribe of the unique mid-15th century manuscript of The Boke of Margery Kempe, ultimately becoming indistinguishable from the letter Y.

The state of Kizzuwatna in the west also shifted its allegiance to Mitanni, and Assyria in the east had become largely a Mitannian vassal state by the mid-15th century BC.

Drainage became so bad that of the Archbishop of Canterbury's meadow at Southerham were converted into a permanent fishery ( the Brodewater ) in the mid-15th century, and by the 1530s the entire Lewes and Laughton Levels,, were reduced to marshland again.

The mid-15th century was shaped by various military conflicts.

The supply of alum was controlled by a cartel controlled by the Papal States and Spain which were in conflict with England and able to exercise a virtual monopoly on the provision of alum to Christian Europe, as the import of cheaper Turkish alum had been banned by Pope Paul II in the mid-15th century.

During the occupation by Japan in the mid-15th – 16th centuries, the Uchinanchu were completely disarmed of all bladed weapons by the Japanese ( who feared revolt ).

In the mid-15th century, a new technique was invented by Alberti, now known generally as polyalphabetic ciphers, which recognised the virtue of using more than a single substitution alphabet ; he also invented a simple technique for " creating " a multitude of substitution patterns for use in a message.

There is a long-running dispute as to whether Kazan was founded by the Muslim Volga Bulgars in the early Middle Ages or by the Tatars of the Golden Horde in the mid-15th century, as written records before the latter period are sparse.

The English title was a foreign importation from France, tested out tentatively in 1385 by Richard II, but not naturalized until the mid-15th century, and now more often spelled " marquess.

The more than four centuries that passed from the abandonment of Angkor around the mid-15th century to the establishment of a protectorate under the French in 1863 are considered by historians to be Cambodia's " Dark Ages ", a period of economic, social, and cultural stagnation when the kingdom's internal affairs came increasingly under the control of its neighbors, the Thai ( Siam ) and the Vietnamese.

* 1550-Hand propelled tubs known as " hunds " undoubtedly existed in the provinces surrounding / forming modern day Germany by the mid-16th century having been in proven use since the mid-15th century and possibly earlier.

Tottington was dissolved in the mid-15th century and there came a succession of distinguished families, each headed by an esquire with links to the monarchs of England.