In modern ( State controlled ) Chinese Buddhism, all doctrinal traditions are regarded as equally valid.

While modern systems distinguish between offences against the " State " or " Community ", and offences against the " Individual ", the so-called penal law of ancient communities did not deal with " crimes " ( Latin: crimina ), but with " wrongs " ( Latin: delicta ).

But only when a more centralized English monarchy emerged following the Norman invasion, and when the kings of England attempted to assert power over the land and its peoples, did the modern concept emerge, namely of a crime not only as an offence against the " individual ", but also as a wrong against the " State ".

In time, projects were devised in Virginia, Maryland, Pennsylvania, and elsewhere. The modern Erie Canal has 34 locks, which are painted with the blue and gold colors of the New York State Canal System.

While the Rising and its leaders continued to be venerated by Irish republicans — including members and supporters of the Provisional IRA and the modern Sinn Féin — with murals in republican areas of Belfast and other towns celebrating the actions of Pearse and his comrades, and a number of parades held annually in remembrance of the Rising, the Irish government discontinued its annual parade in Dublin in the early 1970s, and in 1976 it took the unprecedented step of proscribing ( under the Offences against the State Act ) a 1916 commemoration ceremony at the GPO organised by Sinn Féin and the Republican commemoration Committee.

Hanukkah is not mentioned in the Bible and was never considered a major holiday in Judaism, but it has become much more visible and widely celebrated in modern times, mainly because it falls around the same time as Christmas and has national Jewish overtones that have been emphasized since the establishment of the State of Israel.

It is still part of the modern day Republic of South Africa, now known as the Free State.

Being a modern, dynamic, flexible and highly skilled, composed of the national popular resource to maximize the operational aspect of the Bolivarian National Armed Force, through the integration of people organized under the constitutional principle of responsibility between the State and Society Aimed at ensuring the overall defense of the nation.

* based on varying interpretations of the Three Oaths, whether Zionism is part of Judaism or opposed to it, and defining the role of the modern State of Israel in Judaism

It is generally non-nationalistic and ambivalent towards the modern State of Israel.

In the first place, even in modern times, the State and the nation are never identical.

Finally, the modern indiscriminate advocacy of State administration conceals the fallacy that State officials must necessarily prove more effective in their action than private enterprise.

He was also enrolled at the State University, La Sapienza where he studied modern languages and history.

Fridell argues that scholars call the period 1868-1945 the " State Shinto period " because, " during these decades, Shinto elements came under a great deal of overt state influence and control as the Japanese government systematically utilized shrine worship as a major force for mobilizing imperial loyalties on behalf of modern nation-building.

The explanation generally given for this anomaly is that, following the demise of State Shinto, modern Shinto has reverted to its more traditional position as a traditional religion which is culturally ingrained, rather than enforced.

Accordingly, following the formation of the modern State of Israel there is some interest in restoring Eretz Yisrael traditions.

* December 30 – California's first modern freeway, the future State Route 110, opens to traffic in Pasadena, California, as the Arroyo Seco Parkway ( now the Pasadena Freeway ).

The Railroad had blasted and tunneled its way down the Weber River canyon to Ogden and around the north shore of the Great Salt Lake ( roughly paralleling modern Interstate 84 and State Route 30 ).

:“ Not in the slightest was concerned with minority rights as they are chiefly of interest to the modern liberal mind – the rights of dissenters to express unorthodox opinions, of the individual conscience against the State, least of all of ethnic minorities.

In modern Hebrew this contrasts with the term Yisraeli, a citizen of the modern State of Israel, regardless of religion or ethnicity ( English " Israeli ").

Jadis ' references to " reasons of State ", and her claim to own the people of Charn and be beyond morality, represent the eclipse of the medieval Christian belief in natural law by the political concept of sovereignty, as embodied first in royal absolutism and then in modern dictatorships.

The area encompassing modern Germany, southern Denmark, the Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg, Switzerland, Austria, Slovenia, Czechia, eastern France, and much of northern Italy ( excluding Venice and Papal State ) was nominally part of the Holy Roman Empire, but local rulers exercised considerable autonomy.

The hill ( which was then unnamed ) is on the main road toward Canandaigua from Palmyra to Manchester ( modern State Route 21 ) and was only a few miles from Joseph Smith's home.

This city, modern el-Meshed, located only several miles from Nazareth in what would have been known as Israel in the post-exilic period ( as distinct from the southern kingdom, known as Judah ) and Galilee around the time of Christ.

Originating in the Levant region of the Middle East ( modern Israel and Palestine ), it quickly spread to Syria, Mesopotamia, Asia Minor and Egypt.

His forecast of the form of government suitable to the modern world may be seen as prophetic: the largely ceremonial offices of president in some modern parliamentary democracies in Europe and e. g. Israel can be perceived as elected or appointed versions of Hegel's constitutional monarch ; the Russian and French presidents, with their stronger powers, may also be regarded in Hegelian terms as wielding powers suitable to the embodiment of the national will.

Biblical references to Israel tend to mean ancient and modern Israel.

While traditionally accepted as the genuine words of Moses delivered on the eve of the occupation of Canaan, a broad consensus of modern scholars now see its origins in traditions from Israel ( the northern kingdom ) brought south to the Kingdom of Judah in the wake of the Assyrian destruction of Samaria ( 8th century BCE ) and then adapted to a program of nationalist reform in the time of King Josiah ( late 7th century ), with the final form of the modern book emerging in the milieu of the return from the Babylonian exile during the late 6th century.

Equipment from the Soviet Union is being progressively replaced by more modern U. S., French, and British equipment, a significant portion of which is built under license in Egypt, such as the M1A1 Abrams tank which makes Egypt the owner of the second largest number of latest generation main battle tanks in the region after Israel, and the second after Syria in case of the older generations.

Eusebius references to the encampment of the Legio X Fretensis at Aila ( in southern Israel, near modern Aqaba and Eilat ); the X Fretensis was probably transferred from Jerusalem to Aila under Diocletian.

The earliest fossils of anatomically modern humans are from the Middle Paleolithic, about 200, 000 years ago such as the Omo remains of Ethiopia, later fossils from Skhul in Israel and Southern Europe begin around 90, 000 years ago.

The term is also sometimes used to refer to modern events or states in the region immediately bordering the eastern Mediterranean Sea: Israel, Palestinian territories, Jordan, Lebanon, and Syria.

A narrow definition would take in roughly the same area as the modern states of Israel, the West Bank, the Gaza Strip, and Jordan, while a wider definition would include Syria.

The area of modern Israel is small, about the size of Wales or half the size of Costa Rica, and is roughly located on the site of the ancient kingdoms of Israel and Judah.

Therefore, many Muslim scholars, both classical ( Ibn Ishaq ) and modern ( Reza Aslan ), speak of Hosea as one of the true Hebrew prophets of Israel.

On the wall behind the podium hung a picture of Theodor Herzl, the founder of modern Zionism, and two flags, later to become the official flag of Israel.

The modern holidays of Yom Ha-shoah ( Holocaust Remembrance Day ) and Yom Ha ' atzmaut ( Israeli Independence Day ) commemorate the horrors of the Holocaust and the achievement of Israel independence, respectively.

In modern times, it is celebrated by eating various fruits and nuts associated with the Land of Israel.

In modern Israel, the day has become somewhat of an analog to Valentine's Day.

* Judean Mountains, modern Israeli name for the mountains around Jerusalem, politically divided between Israel and the Occupied West Bank

The Levant includes most of modern Lebanon, Syria, Jordan, Israel, Palestinian territories, Cyprus, Turkey's Hatay Province and sometimes Iraq or the Sinai Peninsula, and corresponds roughly to the historic area of Greater Syria.

The term is also occasionally employed to refer to modern or contemporary events, peoples, states or parts of states in the same region, namely Cyprus, Iraq, Israel, the Palestinian territories, Jordan, Lebanon, and Syria ( compare with Near East, Middle East, Eastern Mediterranean and Western Asia ).

In modern times there is a universal military service requirement for Israeli citizens that leaves most of them in the reserves of the Israel Defense Forces, authorized to carry and keep in their possession weapons during the periods when they are called back to the army.