Before the late modern era, the abbot was treated with the utmost reverence by the brethren of his house.

Despite the frequency with which this name is used as a polemical label, there has been no historically continuous survival of Arianism into the modern era.

After the Communists took control in the 1940s Polish scholars were safer working on the Middle Ages and the early modern era rather than contemporary history.

The reciprocal influence between the French school and Polish historiography was particularly evident in studies on the Middle Ages and the early modern era studied by Braudel.

One of the most successful designs of this period was the Douglas DC-3, which became the first airliner that was profitable carrying passengers exclusively, starting the modern era of passenger airline service.

By the 2004 season the Diamondbacks had dropped to a dismal 51 – 111 record, the worst in Major League Baseball and one of the 10 worst records in the modern era, despite Johnson pitching a perfect game on May 18 of that season.

The heaviest armored cars, such as the German, World War II era SdKfz 234 or the modern, US M1128 Mobile Gun System, mount the same guns that arm medium tanks.

Studio audio processing is limited in the modern era due to digital audio systems ( mixers, routers ) being pervasive in the studio.

Steiner emphasized Judaism's central importance to the constitution of the modern era in the West.

Abatis, abattis, or abbattis is a term in field fortification for an obstacle formed ( in the modern era ) of the branches of trees laid in a row, with the sharpened tops directed outwards, towards the enemy.

He finished with an approval rating of 68 %, which matched those of Ronald Reagan and Franklin D. Roosevelt as the highest ratings for departing presidents in the modern era.

The league average for on-base percentage has varied considerably over time ; in the modern era it is around. 340, whereas it was typically only. 300 in the dead-ball era.

It is a common misconception that Jackie Robinson was the first African-American major-league ballplayer ; he was actually only the first after a long gap ( and the first in the modern era ).

On that Mississippi riverine system today, including that of other sheltered waterways, industrial barge trafficking in bulk raw materials such as coal, coke, timber, iron ore and other minerals is extremely common in the developed world using huge cargo barges that connect in groups and trains-of-barges in ways which allow cargo volumes and weights which would astonish pioneers of modern barge systems and methods in the Victorian era.

Monasticism had been introduced into the region of modern France during the Roman era by St. Martin of Tours, who founded the first monastery in Western Europe.

The concept has existed for centuries and research and development have continued into the modern era.

This was challenged legally on the basis that no prior team relocations ( in the modern era ) left a city without a team.

According to David Steel, curator of European art at the North Carolina Museum of Art, Erin Jones " brought that museum into the modern era ," employing " a top-notch curator, John Nolan ," and following " best practices in conservation and restoration.

A few observations found in bestiaries, such as the migration of birds, were discounted by the natural philosophers of later centuries, only to be rediscovered in the modern scientific era.

The style of dance is commonly known to modern scholars as the French noble style or belle danse ( French, literally " beautiful dance "), however it is often referred to casually as baroque dance in spite of the existence of other theatrical and social dance styles during the baroque era.

Notably, the book has not received much attention in the recent modern era, possibly in part because of its foreign inward looking virtues and rejection of the modern emphasis on material productiveness.

This debate continues into the modern era.

In the post-Chinese economic reform era, modern Chinese philosophy has reappeared in forms such as the New Confucianism.

The practice of using the Confucian meritocracy to justify political actions continues in countries in the Sinosphere, including post-economic liberalization People's Republic of China, Chiang Kai-Shek's Republic of China, and modern Singapore.

Instead, they taught both modern, western education such as science, along with traditional Confucian literature and Classical Chinese languages with Islamic education and Arabic in their schools.

Finally, the modern relevance of Confucianism revolved around this notion that Confucian values were better than Western ones.

The reassessment was spurred on by weakness of China in the latter half of 19th century and early 20th century, and Confucian traditions at that time began to be seen by some as an impediment to China's entry into the modern world, opening the way for changing perspectives.

In the 1930s Ba Jin produced a trilogy that depicted the struggle of modern youth against the ageold dominance of the Confucian family system.

However, both ancient and modern Confucian observers of Chinese politics have argued that some Legalist ideas have merged with mainstream Confucianism and still play a major role in government.

* Creation of a modern education system ( studying math and science instead of focusing mainly on Confucian texts, etc.

In addition, the Manifesto argues that while China must learn from the West modern science and democracy, the West must learn from China ( and the Confucian tradition in particular ) " a more all-encompassing wisdom.

His contact with the more individualistic ideas of the West shattered his faith in the Confucian scholar-administrator model of traditional Japan, but he retained enough of his traditional upbringing to preclude a wholehearted embrace of Western thinking ; leaving him, " a lonely, modern man ".

* The re-examination of Confucian texts and ancient classics using modern textual and critical methods, known as the Doubting Antiquity School

" Most modern scholarship, although content to assign to Han Yu a secure place in the history of Chinese literature, has been embarrassed by the violence of his Confucian passions.

Edward Yang's Taipei Story ( 1985 ) and A Confucian Confusion ( 1994 ) talk about the confusion of traditional values and modern materialism among young urbanites in the 1980s and 1990s.

Parents in Taiwan have similar attitudes in many respects, and many of the concerns and goals related to child rearing in the modern era echo those found in ancient Confucian writings.

Through the process of transition from a traditional Confucian notion of civilization to a Western notion of acceptance and resistance, Koreans shaped their civilization as well as their notions of the racial, cultural, and individual modern self.

In the 1930s Ba Jin produced a trilogy that depicted the struggle of modern youth against the age-old dominance of the Confucian family system.

Confucian anti-Buddhism was the cause for example of haibutsu kishaku episodes in the Aizu, Okayama and Mito domains during the early modern era.

Xiong Shili (, 1885 — May 23, 1968 ) was a modern Chinese philosopher whose major work A New Treatise on Consciousness-only ( 新唯識論, Xin Weishi Lun ) is a Confucian critique of the Buddhist " consciousness-only " theory popularized in China by the Tang Dynasty pilgrim Xuanzang.

Let us survey for a moment the development of modern thought -- turning our attention from the Reformation toward the revolutionary and romantic movements that follow and dwelling finally on more recent decades.

In Brazil, a number of modern religious movements based on the use of ayahuasca have emerged, the most famous of them being Santo Daime and the União do Vegetal ( or UDV ), usually in an animistic context that may be shamanistic or, more often ( as with Santo Daime and the UDV ), integrated with Christianity.

Major movements in modern a cappella over the past century include Barbershop and doo wop.

The King-James-Only Movement — or more correctly, movements, since it has many variations — became a divisive force in fundamentalism only as conservative modern Bible translations, such as the New American Standard Bible ( NASB ) and the New International Version ( NIV ) began to appear in the 1970s.

There are several modern Essene movements that sprung up before and after the Dead Sea Scrolls findings on the Ancient Essene Order.

Several modern religious movements, for example the organizations within the New Thought Movement and the Unity Church, may be said to have a particularly idealist orientation.

In modern times, liberal movements such as Humanistic Judaism may be nontheistic.

In modern times, some liberal Jewish movements do not accept the existence of a personified deity active in history.

During this time, Jews have experienced slavery, anarchic and theocratic self-government, conquest, occupation, and exile ; in the Diasporas, they have been in contact with and have been influenced by ancient Egyptian, Babylonian, Persian, and Hellenic cultures, as well as modern movements such as the Enlightenment ( see Haskalah ) and the rise of nationalism, which would bear fruit in the form of a Jewish state in the Levant.

One of the enduring influences the Star Wars saga has had in popular culture is the idea of the fictional Jedi values being interpreted as a modern philosophical path or religion, spawning various movements such as the controversial Jediism ( religious ) and the Jedi census phenomenon.

Michael Palin says that the various separatist movements were modelled on " modern resistance groups, all with obscure acronyms which they can never remember and their conflicting agendas ".

Contemporary Paganism, Modern Paganism, or Neopaganism, refers to a variety of modern religious movements, particularly those influenced by or claiming to be derived from the various historical pagan beliefs of pre-modern Europe.

The term " neopagan " provides a means of distinguishing between historical pagans of ancient cultures and the adherents of modern religious movements.

* Merriam-Webster: Either " of, relating to, or being an era after a modern one ", or " of, relating to, or being any of various movements in reaction to modernism that are typically characterized by a return to traditional materials and forms ( as in architecture ) or by ironic self-reference and absurdity ( as in literature )", or, finally " of, relating to, or being a theory that involves a radical reappraisal of modern assumptions about culture, identity, history, or language ".

* Liberal movements within Islam, or " progressive Islam ", a modern liberal interpretation of Islam

Many measures are part of modern psychophysiology including measures of brain activity such as ERPs, brain waves ( electroencephalography, EEG ), fMRI ( functional magnetic resonance imaging ), measures of skin conductance ( skin conductance response, SCR ; galvanic skin response, GSR ), cardiovascular measures ( heart rate, HR ; beats per minute, BPM ; heart rate variability, HRV ; vasomotor activity ), muscle activity ( electromyography, EMG ), changes in pupil diameter with thought and emotion ( pupillometry ) and eye movements, recorded via the electro-oculogram ( EOG ) and direction-of-gaze methods.

It stressed his connections to Surrealist methods, offered interpretations of his work by Breton, as well as Breton's view that Duchamp represented the bridge between early modern movements, such as Futurism and Cubism, to Surrealism.

Neo-Luddism, anarcho-primitivism, and similar movements criticise the pervasiveness of technology in the modern world, opining that it harms the environment and alienates people ; proponents of ideologies such as transhumanism and techno-progressivism view continued technological progress as beneficial to society and the human condition.

In some academic studies, Zionism has been analyzed both within the larger context of diaspora politics and as an example of modern national liberation movements.

At around this point there was a change in the style of Lansky's music that made it sound slightly more modern, and 1997 heralded a one-hour computer opera titled Things She Carried, a musical portrait about an unnamed woman in a series of eight movements.

The institutions for a modern nation state like a state bureaucracy, courts of law, print media and to a smaller extent, modern education, sowed the seeds of the fledgling nationalist movements in the colonial territories.

Parallels have been drawn between Montanism and modern day movements such as Pentecostalism, the charismatic movement, and the New Apostolic Reformation.