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In the pontificate of Pius II, their number, which had been fixed at twenty-four, had overgrown to such an extent as to diminish considerably the individual remuneration, and, as a consequence, able and competent men no longer sought the office, and hence the old style of writing and expediting the Bulls was no longer used, to the great injury of justice, the interested parties, and the dignity of the Holy See.
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pontificate and Pius
During the pontificate of Pius IX a strong Ultramontane movement arose against the French Breviaries of 1680 and 1736.
Pius IX, at the beginning of his pontificate, and again after 1851, appointed commissions to investigate the whole subject, and he was advised that the doctrine was one which could be defined and that the time for a definition was opportune.
After the long pontificate of Pope Pius XII, the cardinals chose a man who – it was presumed because of his advanced age – would be a short-term or " stop-gap " pope.
Only twice in his pontificate did Pius XII hold a consistory to create new cardinals, in contrast to Pius XI, who had done so 17 times in as many years.
Pius XII explained the Catholic faith in 41 encyclicals and almost 1000 messages and speeches during his long pontificate.
In 1939 Pius XII placed his pontificate under the maternal care of Our Lady of Good Counsel and composed a prayer to her.
Pius XII issued 41 encyclicals during his pontificate – more than all his successors in the past 50 years taken together – along with many other writings and speeches.
The pontificate of Pius XII was the first in Vatican history, which published papal speeches and addresses in vernacular language on a systematic basis.
Pius XII's pontificate began on the eve of World War II.
The fact that Saint Justin taught Christian doctrine in Rome during the pontificate of St Pius I and that the heretics Valentinus, Cerdon, and Marcion visited Rome at the same time, is an argument for the primacy of the Roman See during the 2nd century.
He was received as a boy into the household of Aeneas Silvius, who permitted him to assume the name and arms of the Piccolomini family ( his brother Antonio being made Duke of Amalfi during the pontificate of Pius II ).
Three national synods were held during his pontificate at Naples under Alfonso Cardinal Caraffa ( whose family had, after inquiry, been reinstated by Pius V ), at Milan under Saint Charles Borromeo, and at Machim.
The circumstances of Pius VI's election as a compromise candidate, involved him in difficulties from the outset of his pontificate.
Eusebius ( Church History iv. 7 ; iv. 14 ) places the beginning of his pontificate in the twelfth year of the reign of Emperor Hadrian ( 128 – 129 ) and gives the date of his death as being in the first year of the reign of Antoninus Pius ( 138 – 139 ).
He was the oldest pope ( reigning until the age of 93 ), and had the third longest pontificate, behind his immediate predecessor Pius IX and John Paul II.
The pontificate of Pius X was noted for its conservative theology and reforms in liturgy and church law.
Under the pontificate of Pius X neo-Thomism became the blueprint for an approach to theology.
Benedict issued in 1917 the first ever Code of Canon Law of the Roman Catholic Church, the creation of which he had prepared with Pietro Gasparri and Eugenio Pacelli during the pontificate of Pius X.
Relations with the Holy See were defined during the pontificate of Pope Pius XI ( 1922 – 1939 )
In internal Church affairs, Benedict XV reiterated Pius X's condemnation of " modernist " scholars and the errors in modern philosophical systems in his first encyclical Ad Beatissimi Apostolorum, and declined to readmit to full communion scholars who had been excommunicated during the previous pontificate.
While Pius considered another Benedict, Benedict XIV in terms of his sanctity and scholarly contributions to be worthy as Doctor of the Church, he thought that Benedict XV during his short pontificate was truly a man of God, who worked for peace.
* the papal tiara ( as used under the pontificate of Pius XI );
The opposite side of the Arch of Titus received new inscriptions after it was restored during the pontificate of Pope Pius VII by Giuseppe Valadier in 1821.
pontificate and II
The Holy See's Annuario Pontificio, in its list of popes and antipopes, attaches a footnote to its mention of Stephen II ( III ): " On the death of Zachary the Roman priest Stephen was elected ; but, since four days later he died, before his consecratio, which according to the canon law of the time was the true commencement of his pontificate, his name is not registered in the Liber Pontificalis nor in other lists of the Popes.
The Annuario Pontificio attaches to its mention of Stephen II ( III ) the footnote: " On the death of Zachary the Roman priest Stephen was elected ; but, since four days later he died, before his consecratio, which according to the canon law of the time was the true commencement of his pontificate, his name is not registered in the Liber Pontificalis nor in other lists of the Popes.
However, by the pontificate of Honorius II, they had not yet received any official sanction from the papacy.
Their ceaseless infighting, repressed during the pontificate of Calixtus II, broke out again, and Honorius found he did not have the resources to suppress the Pierleoni, nor the authority to rein in the Frangipani.
Restorations of numerous churches in Rome are ascribed to the less than a year's pontificate of Benedict II.
His brief pontificate came in the political context of the founding of the Holy Roman Empire, during the transition between the reigns of German emperors Otto I and Otto II and the struggle for power of aristocratic families such as the Crescentii and Tusculani in the region of Rome.
Gregory ’ s elevation to the papal see is believed to represent a continuation of the attempts to control the local political situation in Rome which had begun during Pope Eugene II ’ s pontificate.
Gregory IX began his pontificate by suspending the Holy Roman Emperor Frederick II, then lying sick at Otranto, for dilatoriness in carrying out the promised Sixth Crusade.
Italy commanded Urban IV's near full attention: the long confrontation with the late Hohenstaufen Holy Roman Emperor Frederick II had not been pressed during the mild pontificate of Alexander IV, during which it devolved into inter-urban struggles between nominally pro-Imperial Ghibellines and even more nominally pro-papal Guelf factions.
Sergius left Sicily and arrived in Rome during the pontificate of Pope Adeodatus II .. Pope Leo II, ordained him cardinal-priest of Santa Susanna on 27 June 683, and he rose through the ranks of the clergy.
Mindful of the origin of his success, Innocent IX supported, during his two months ' pontificate, the cause of Philip II and the Catholic League against Henry IV of France ( 1589 – 1610 ) in the civil Wars of Religion ( 1562 – 1598 ), where a papal army was in the field.
In 1503 he welcomed the accession of Pope Julius II to the pontificate ; the death of Piero de ' Medici in the same year made Giovanni head of his family.
Leo's lively interest in art and literature, to say nothing of his natural liberality, his alleged nepotism, his political ambitions and necessities, and his immoderate personal luxury, exhausted within two years the hard savings of Julius II, and precipitated a financial crisis from which he never emerged and which was a direct cause of most of what, from a papal point of view, were calamities of his pontificate.
Towards the end of his pontificate trouble began anew in England ; Paschal II complained in 1115 that councils were held and bishops translated without his authorization, and he threatened Henry I with excommunication.
The Senate, which practically took all temporal power from the Pope during the pontificate of Innocent II, had been managed with considerable skill and firmness by Lucius at the beginning of his pontificate, convincing many senators to either leave the Capitoline Hill or to lay down their magisterium.
Pope John Paul II ( whose pontificate had major Marian themes ) issued the Apostolic Letter Rosarium Virginis Mariae which built on the " total Marian devotion " pioneered by Saint Louis de Montfort.
Pope Leo XIII began his pontificate with a friendly letter to Tzar Alexander II, in which he reminded the Russian monarch of the millions of Catholics living in his empire, who would like to be good Russian subjects, provided their dignity is respected.
Selected as one of the last popes of the Byzantine Papacy, the defining moment of Constantine's pontificate was his 710 / 711 visit to Constantinople where he compromised with Justinian II on the Trullan canons of the Quinisext Council.
The concert, created and conducted by Sir Gilbert Levine, reached out to all three Abrahamic faiths — Judaism, Christianity, and Islam — and was part of the celebration of the 25th anniversary of the pontificate of Pope John Paul II.
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