Jean Bodin, writing in the sixteenth century, may have been the seminal thinker, but it was the vastly influential John Austin who set out the main lines of the concept as now understood.

The second half of the sixteenth century in England was the setting for a violent and long controversy over the moral quality of renaissance literature, especially the drama.

This is certainly an irrational dogmatism, in which the modern mind attempts to understand the spirit of the sixteenth century on twentieth-century terms.

Secondly, to find a learned diversion and a pleasing joke in More's account of the stupid brutalities of early sixteenth century wars, of the anguish of the poor and dispossessed, of the insolence and cruelty of the rich and powerful requires a callousness toward suffering and sin that would be surprising in a moral imbecile and most surprising in More himself.

Similar literary exercises were the common doings of a Christian humanist of the first two decades of the sixteenth century.

Andrea Palladio, an Italian architect of the sixteenth century, modeled his designs on its Doric and Ionic columns.

The original impulses came to England late ( in the sixteenth century ) and continue strong long after everyone else had gone on to the baroque basso continuo, sonatas, operas and the like.

Late in the sixteenth century the " verse anthem ", in which passages for solo voices alternated with passages for full choir, developed.

* Baldo Angelo Abati ( sixteenth century ), Italian naturalist

The Schwarzwälder Freilichtmuseum Vogtsbauernhof is an open-air museum that shows the life of sixteenth or seventeenth century farmers in the region, featuring a number of reconstructed Black Forest farms.

The Bassas da India was first recorded by Portuguese explorers in the early sixteenth century as the " Baixo da Judia " (" Jewess Shoals ").

A large bronze cast medallion, some 9. 5 by 8. 7 centimetres in measurement, created by the celebrated medalist Valerio Belli in the sixteenth century.

Before the thirteenth century, beer was flavoured with plants such as yarrow, wild rosemary, and bog myrtle, and other ingredients such as juniper berries, aniseed and ginger, which would be combined into a mixture known as gruit and used as hops are now used ; between the thirteenth and the sixteenth century, during which hops took over as the dominant flavouring, beer flavoured with gruit was known as ale, while beer flavoured with hops was known as beer.

* According to culinary writer Giuliano Bugialli, the term comes from the Italian bagno maria, named after Maria de ' Cleofa, who developed the technique in Florence in the sixteenth century.

He estimated the early sixteenth century population to be 2500-3000.

Unlike other eastern Indonesian islands, such as Ambon, Solor, Ternate and Morotai, the Bandanese displayed no enthusiasm for Christianity or the Europeans who brought it in the sixteenth century, and no serious attempt was made to Christianise the Bandanese.

Trade and society in the Banda Islands in the sixteenth century.

The modern constellations in this region were defined during the Age of exploration, notably by Dutch navigators Pieter Dirkszoon Keyser and Frederick de Houtman at the end of sixteenth century.

However, the term classical music is used colloquially to describe a variety of Western musical styles from the ninth century to the present, and especially from the sixteenth or seventeenth to the nineteenth.

Archaeological studies of Grand Cayman have found no evidence that humans occupied the islands prior to the sixteenth century.

The northwest of the country, the Nicoya Peninsula, was the southernmost point of Nahuatl cultural influence when the Spanish conquerors ( conquistadores ) came in the sixteenth century.

Vittoria Colonna became famous in the sixteenth century as a poet and a figure in literate circles.

In Russian legal history, for instance, comparative method dates back to the sixteenth century.

Throughout his life Hume, who never married, spent time occasionally at his family home at Ninewells by Chirnside, Berwickshire, which had belonged to his family since the sixteenth century.

The final Arawak migrants, the Caribs, began moving up the Lesser Antilles in the 12th century, and were raiding Taíno villages on the island's eastern coast by the late sixteenth century.

The first seven councils were called by the Byzantine Emperors and the sixteenth by the future Holy Roman Emperor Sigismund.

Other popular Dutch landscape painters of the sixteenth and seventeenth century were

Over the rest of the sixteenth century further protectionist measures were introduced.

During the sixteenth century, when instruments were often tuned in meantone temperament, some harpsichords were constructed with the G and E keys split into two.

Some of the interior frescoes were done by Vincenzo Tamagni in the early sixteenth century.

It is assumed that they were initially sung to any suitable tune that fitted the metre ( rhythm ), most probably to sixteenth or seventeenth century metrical psalm tunes.

Before the advent of copyright, anonymous and pseudonymous publication was a common practice in the sixteenth century publishing world, and a passage in the Arte of English Poesie ( 1589 ), the leading work of literary criticism of the Elizabethan period and an anonymously published work itself, mentions in passing that literary figures in the court who wrote " commendably well " circulated their poetry only among their friends, " as if it were a discredit for a gentleman to seem learned " ( Book 1, Chapter 8 ).

Since the late sixteenth century Rockall, a 20 metre high rock in the Atlantic Ocean, has been noted in written records, although it is likely that some northern Atlantic fishing crews knew of the rock before these historical accounts were made.

Fuhring notes that grotesques were " confusingly called arabesques in eighteenth century France ", but in his terminology " the major types of ornament that appear in French sixteenth century etchings and engraving ... can be divided into two groups.

Valerian flower extracts were used as a perfume in the sixteenth century.

He was soon seen as the ideal model by those disliking the excesses of Mannerism: the opinion ... was generally held in the middle of the sixteenth century that Raphael was the ideal balanced painter, universal in his talent, satisfying all the absolute standards, and obeying all the rules which were supposed to govern the arts, whereas Michelangelo was the eccentric genius, more brilliant than any other artists in his particular field, the drawing of the male nude, but unbalanced and lacking in certain qualities, such as grace and restraint, essential to the great artist.

In India travels in the sixteenth century there were also used carracks, large merchant ships with a high edge and three masts with square sails, that reached 2000 tons.

The first European powers to arrive in the area were the Portuguese in the early sixteenth century followed by the Dutch in the late sixteenth century.

During the sixteenth century and English Reformation, King Henry VIII led the dissolution of the monasteries and many holy places were demolished.

Evesham Abbey and the site of de Montfort's grave were destroyed with the Dissolution of the Monasteries in the sixteenth century.

Those new immigrants of the Middle Ages were a minority in numbers, yet their cultural contributions, political and technological to the neo-Vazimba and neo-Vezo world substantially altered their society and is the cause of the major upheavals of the sixteenth that led to the Malagasy feudal era.

Since the sixteenth century there were some movements of discontent to Spanish and Portuguese colonial system.

It is thought to be Shakespeare's first tragedy, and is often seen as his attempt to emulate the violent and bloody revenge plays of his contemporaries, which were extremely popular with audiences throughout the sixteenth century.

Copybooks first appeared in Italy around the sixteenth century ; the earliest writing manuals were published by Sigismondo Fanti and Ludovico degli Arrighi.