Until shortly before his death, Lenin worked to counter the disproportionate political influence of Joseph Stalin in the Communist Party and in the bureaucracy of the soviet government, partly because of abuses he had committed against the populace of Georgia, and partly because the autocratic Stalin had accumulated administrative power disproportionate to his office of General Secretary of the Communist Party.

Trotskyism ideologically predominated the political platform of the Left Opposition, which demanded the restoration of soviet democracy, the expansion of democratic centralism in the Communist Party, national industrialisation, international permanent revolution, and socialist internationalism.

This helped to vilify these political movements and portray capitalist wage labor as the only alternative to the soviet model.

; Hélène Carrère d ’ Encausse ( professor, France ): for outstanding achievements in research of political and social processes in soviet and postsoviet periods of Russia.

During the Russian Revolution of 1917, councils akin to those advocated by Council Communists were a significant political and organizational force ; with the Russian word " soviet " itself meaning council.

: This film was shot on location in Czechoslovakia in 1968. At that time, Czechoslovakia was already seen by soviet Russia as becoming too liberal and unorthodox in its political values.

Three days after the soviet government had been taken over by functionaries of the KPD ( Communist Party of Germany ) around Eugen Leviné and Max Levien, Gustav Landauer became disappointed with their policies and resigned from all his political posts on 16 April 1919.

EAM-ELAS was by now the dominant political and military force in Greece, and EDES and EKKA, along with the British and the Greek government-in-exile, feared that after the inevitable German withdrawal, it would try to dominate the country and establish a soviet regime.

In Italy, a polemic broke out between the Sinistra-pressing for the creation of an authentic communist party able to apply the experience of the Russian October Revolution to the West and stressing the social and political novelty of the soviet as an organ of sovereign power in the revolutionary process-and Gramsci ’ s L ’ Ordine Nuovo, that insisted in identifying the factory council as the equivalent of the soviet, portraying the council-normatively a subsidiary organ operating within the social and political functions of capitalism-as “ the embryo of the future society .” Still in 1919, thanks to the theoretical and practical actions of the Sinistra, a Communist Abstentionist faction was founded in the PSI, the nucleus of the future Communist Party of Italy ( Partito Comunista d ’ Italia ).

* The Soviet republic ( system of government ) implemented in the USSR and other soviet republics.

The Bolsheviks and their allies came out with a program called “ soviet government .” The soviet system was described as “ a higher type of state ” and “ a higher form of democracy ” which would “ arouse the masses of the exploited toilers to the task of making new history .” Furthermore, it offered “ to the oppressed toiling masses the opportunity to participate actively in the free construction of a new society ”.

The soviet system was seen as an alternative to parliamentary systems for administering republican governments.

* The Energia Rocket, designed to serve as an expendable launch system for the soviet space programme.

After the assassination of Eisner by the right-wing extremist student Anton Graf von Arco auf Valley on 21 February 1919 the debates on the question of a council ( soviet ) system or a parliamentary system in the new Bavarian republic grew in intensity.

In 1968, the Great National Assembly put an end to the soviet style administrative division of the country into regions and re-introduced the historical judeţ ( county ) system, still used today.

Lenin and the Bolsheviks saw the soviet as the basic organizing unit of society in a communist system and supported this form of democracy.

Trotskyists claim that in 1928 inner party democracy, and indeed soviet democracy, which was at the foundation of Bolshevism, had been destroyed within the various Communist Parties.

After alternating governments of Maniu and Vaida-Voevod that had brought the party into conflict with the King's inner circle and with his lover Magda Lupescu, and had to deal with major problems caused by the Great Depression ( including the soviet backed strike actions — see Griviţa Strike of 1933 ), Carol ultimately removed the PNŢ from national leadership.

Subsequently, the Omsk soviet took steps to provide these services, all of which had the approval of the relevant party authorities.

In 2004, after leaving the party of the Democrats of the Left, he endorsed Marxism, reassessing positively its projectual principles and wishing for a " return " to the thought of the Trier philosopher and to a communism, rid of distorted soviet developments, which have to be dialectically overcome.

The 452 would go on to become a workhorse of soviet agriculture and police.

South Ossetia's regional soviet announced that the region would secede from Georgia to form a " Soviet Democratic Republic ".

There he would play a part in establishing the Alexander Herzen Foundation, a publisher of samizdat soviet literature.

It would be just over two years before Smirnov led the city ’ s municipal government as the chairman of the Tiraspol city soviet and just under three before he held the most powerful position in the embryonic — and unrecognized — Pridnestrovian Moldovan Soviet Socialist Republic.

By 1931 the TCP-led Peasants ' Union was secretly training farmers ( many of Hakka ethnicity ) in preparation for armed struggle to form a soviet – one that some believed would soon elicit support from the Communist Party of China.

Right after the war and the start of the November Revolution ( German Revolution ) Kurt Eisner sent a letter to Landauer on 14 November 1918 inviting him to participate in the Revolution and the establishment of a soviet republic in Bavaria: " What I would like you to do is to contribute in the reconstruction of the souls by speech ".

The Soviet took the view that Kerensky was attempting to remove the revolutionary-leaning troops who were following the directions of the soviet, and replace them with ones who would not oppose his orders.

Kwame Nkrumah, the first President of Ghana and theorist of African socialism on a soviet postage stampAfrican socialism has been and continues to be a major ideology around the continent.

It can be headed by a supreme dictator, making it autocratic, but it can have a collective leadership such as a commune or soviet.

Most Trotskyists defend the economic achievements of the planned economy in the Soviet Union during the 1920s and 1930s, despite the " misleadership " of the soviet bureaucracy, and what they claim to be the loss of democracy.

The appearance of the city largely depends on the artist of the particular storyline, often it appears to be styled after the former soviet bloc, with many statues and wide boulevards, plus dilapidated cars such as Trabants and VW Beetles.

In Ian Fleming's From Russia with Love the plot revolves upon soviet agent Natasha Romanova feigning an infatuation with MI6's James Bond and offering to defect to the West provided he'll be sent to pick her up in Istanbul, Turkey.

They claimed to be leading a revolt against the peace with Germany and not necessarily against the Bolsheviks and soviet power.

The executive committee is subservient to its soviet, its actions must be in accordance with the soviet's legislation, and it only operates during times when the soviet is not in session.

The theory being that members of the soviets, being close to those workers or lower soviet members that they represent, can thereby accurately translate the people's decisions into legislation, and be more responsive than a centralized parliamentary democracy.

Many of the effects of the wars on the new Soviet government may be part of what led to the decline of soviet democracy in Russia ( due to the authority the state took on in war time ) and to the emergence of the bureaucratic structure that maintained much control throughout the history of the Soviet Union.

A majority faction condemned the soviet invasion, believed that revolution can not be exported.

It was agreed that the red banner ' was transformed from the symbol of the Party to the symbol of a state, and around that flag gathered the peoples of the soviet republics to unite into one state — the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics '.

On one occasion a factory section chose Martov as their delegate ahead of Lenin in a soviet election.

In the 1920s, the soviet authorities introduced the new name for the Komi language in Perm Region as, combining the native name of the language with the Russian one.

In Minsk ( Belarus ), the Institute of Journalism of BSU is one of the leading scientific and educational centers in the sphere of Mass Media in the territory of the former soviet countries.

At noon on May 14, 1972, Kalanta poured 3 liters of gasoline on himself and set himself on fire in the square adjoining the Laisvės Alėja in front of the Kaunas Musical Theatre, where in 1940 the People's Seimas declared establishment of the Lithuanian SSR and petitioned the Soviet Union to admit Lithuania as one of the soviet socialist republics.

After retiring from the NHL in 1996, following a shoulder injury in an AHL game for the Prividence Bruins, Alexei returned to play one last season for his former soviet club HC CSKA Moscow.

Sundarji was one of the few to predict the total rout of the ( soviet trained ) Iraqi forces in the first gulf war.

However, one key blow against soviet democracy occurred when other revolutionary socialist soviets other than Bolshevik soviets were disbanded in a series of coups d ' état because workers returned non-Bolshevik majorities as early as March 1918.

Important artists of Yugoslav New Wave were: Azra, Šarlo Akrobata, Idoli ( famous for their song " Maljčiki " and its respective video in which they ridiculed the soviet soc-realism ), Pankrti ( first punk band in Yu ), Prljavo Kazalište ( started as a punk unit ; the title of their second album Crno bijeli svijet which means " black and white world " holds a reference to the Two Tone movement ), Električni orgazam ( punk at the beginning, they moved towards post-punk and psychedelia later and were described as " The Punk Doors "), Slađana Milošević, Haustor ( mostly reggae, ska and similar influences, but with a more poetic and intellectual approach compared to some danceable bands ), Buldožer, Laboratorija zvuka, Film ( one of the first Yugoslav New Wave groups ), Lačni Franz and many others.