Bilge's khaganate spanned vast steppes from the Caspian Sea to Manchuria ; he also invaded the western sections of the Chinese territories.

Emperor Wu consolidated and extended the Chinese empire by pushing back the Xiongnu into the steppes of modern Inner Mongolia, wresting from them the modern areas of Gansu, Ningxia and Qinghai.

Domesticated horses were moved in large numbers from the arid steppes to colder and wetter areas.

The steppe region had long been inhabited by mounted nomads, and from the central steppes they could reach all areas of the Asian continent.

High ground, separated by broad, undulating steppes, gives way to mountains ranging from near the Iranian and Turkish borders.

Data available from stations in the foothills and steppes south and southwest of the mountains suggest mean annual rainfall between for that area.

They will stop the storm from the steppes, and ultimately break it.

The earliest fossil of Ostrich-like birds is the Palaeotis living near the Asiatic steppes, from the Middle Eocene, a middle-sized flightless bird that was originally believed to be a bustard.

North of Najd a larger desert, An Nafud, isolates the heart of the peninsula from the steppes of northern Arabia.

North of the desert ranges and east of the Al Ghab depression lie the vast steppes of the plateau, where cloudless skies and high daytime temperatures prevail during the summer, but frosts, at times severe, are common from November to March.

Tribes of horse-breeding Iranian Scythians drifted into the territory of Turkmenistan at about 2000 BC, possibly from the Russian steppes and moved along the outskirts of the Karakum desert into Iran, Syria, and Anatolia.

The wealth of Mawarannahr was a constant magnet for invasions from the northern steppes and from China.

* Some 30, 000 Asian tribespeople migrate from the steppes to the west with 40, 000 horses and 100, 000 cattle, joining with Iranian tribespeople and with Mongols from the Siberian forests to form a group that will be known in Europe as the Huns.

They overcome and absorb the Alans, a nomadic and warlike horse breeding people from the steppes northeast of the Black Sea.

The Bulgars ( also Bolgars or proto-Bulgarians ) were a semi-nomadic people of Turkic peoples descent, originally from Central Asia, who from the 2nd century onwards dwelled in the steppes north of the Caucasus and around the banks of river Volga ( then Itil ).

* c. 1750 BCE: Nomadic shepherds, the Aryans, enter India from Central Asia and the Russian steppes.

He however introduced and propagated several myths, such as the idea that swallows hibernated in winter although he noted that cranes migrated from the steppes of Scythia to the marshes at the headwaters of the Nile.

The Andronovo culture over the next few centuries spread across the steppes from the Urals to the Tien Shan, likely corresponding to early Indo-Iranian cultures.

Silla artifacts, including unique gold metalwork, show influence from the northern nomadic steppes, with less Chinese influence than are shown by Goguryeo and Baekje.

** Arsaces I, King of Parthia from 250 BC and son of Phriapites, a chief of the seminomadic Parni tribe from the Caspian steppes

The vast grassland steppes of Asia enabled merchants to travel immense distances, from the shores of the Pacific to Africa and deep into Europe, without trespassing on agricultural lands and arousing hostility.

The main contenders were the Southern Xiongnu, who inhabited a region to the south of the steppe and had now grown into a group of more than a hundred thousand herdsmen on the Xihe plain, the Xianbei, who lived in the east of the steppe residing on the plains of Manchuria, the Dingling, who originally dwelt on the banks of Lake Baikal and had already commenced trekking south into the steppes before Duo Xian destroyed the Northern Xiongnu, and the Wuhuan, who lived south of the Xianbei and were the weakest of the four.

The Pechenegs ( a semi-nomadic Turkic people of the Central Asian steppes ) occupied the steppes north of the Black Sea ( 8th – 12th century ) and by the 10th century were in control of the lands between the Don and lower Danube rivers.

When Herodotus wrote his Histories in the 5th century BC, Greeks distinguished Scythia Minor in present-day Romania and Bulgaria from a Greater Scythia that extended eastwards for a 20-day ride from the Danube River, across the steppes of today's East Ukraine to the lower Don basin.

Their first recorded homeland lay between the Don and Dnieper rivers ; they migrated in the 1st century BC toward the Danube, to what is now the Baragan steppes in Romania.

Henceforth, the steppes between the rivers Dnieper and Danube were under the influence of the Mongols of the Volga, known as the Golden Horde.

The town has been inhabited for thousands of years, as it is one of the few places in all the Lower Danube that can be easily forded and thus an easy link between the Balkans and the steppes of Southern Ukraine and Russia.

The " Kumans belonged to the Kuman-Kipchak confederation ( Polevetses of the Rus annals, Comans of Byzantine sources, Folban of German annals ) during the period from the end of the 800's to 1230's CE spread their political influence in the broad steppes from Altai to Crimea and Danube.

In 1037, the Seljuks, a clan of Oghuz Turks moving from the steppes east of the Aral Sea, peacefully took over Merv under the leadership of Toghril Beg – the Ghaznavid sultan Masud was extremely unpopular in the city.

In the 11th century CE, the nomadic Oghuz Turks, formerly vassals of the Khwarazmshah in the northern steppes, began to move southward under the leadership of the Seljuk clan and its ruler Togrul Beg.

From the Central Asian steppes, horse-based nomads ( Mongols, Turks ) dominated a large part of the continent.

The mounted archer became the archetypal warrior of the steppes and the composite bow was his archetypal weapon, used to protect the herds, in steppe warfare, and in incursions ( notably those of the Huns, Magyars, Mongols, and Turks ) into settled lands.

A kilij ( from Turkish kılıç, literally " a sword ") is a type of one-handed, single edged and moderately curved saber used by the Turks and related cultures throughout history starting from the late Hsiung-nu period to the time of the Avar Empire and the Göktürk Khaganate, Uyghur Khaganate, Seljuk Empire, Timurid Empire, Mamluk Empire, Ottoman Empire, and the later Turkic Khanates of Central Asia and Eurasian steppes.

In the steppes, the reservoir species is believed to be principally the marmot.

The wall is located at a geographic narrowing between the Caspian Sea and the mountains of northeastern Iran, one of several Caspian Gates at the eastern part of a region known in antiquity as Hyrcania, on the nomadic route from the northern steppes to the Iranian heartland, and the wall is believed to have protected the

In a book review of `` The Soviet Cultural Offensive '', he says, `` Long before the State Department organized its bureaucracy into an East-West Contacts Staff in order to wage a cultural counter-offensive within Soviet borders, the sharp cutting-edge of American culture had carved its mark across the Russian steppes, as when the enterprising promoters of ' Porgy And Bess ' overrode the State Department to carry the contemporary ' cultural warfare ' behind the enemy lines.

The Hetman's physical aspects were not those of a savage rider of the steppes.

The central and eastern plateau, with its drier continental climate, has deciduous forests and forest steppes.

) woodlands and steppes.

especially characteristic of the northern deserts and steppes.

The Atlas range, the north-westerly part of the continent, between its seaward and landward heights encloses elevated steppes in places broad.

To this day short-haired Hortaya Borzaya are highly valued hunting dogs on the steppes, while the long-haired Psovaya Borzaya, is going through a hard period of restoration of its working qualities after decades of shadow, mainly show existence.

In the Yuan Dynasty, the Mongols were divided between those who wanted to remain based in the steppes and those who wished to adopt the customs of the Chinese.

In eastern Europe, Russia, and out onto the steppes, cavalry remained important much longer and dominated the scene of warfare until the early 17th century and even beyond, as the strategic mobility of cavalry was crucial for the semi-nomadic pastoralist lives that many steppe cultures led.

Five years later they laid siege to Chersonesos Taurica ; their cavalry kept roaming the steppes of Crimea until 590.

According to tradition, after Ellac's defeat and death, his brothers ruled over two separate, but closely related hordes on the steppes north of the Black Sea.

( The Scythian and Sarmatian bows, used for centuries on the European steppes until the arrival of the Huns, had no such laths.

In the steppes and savannahs of the Sahara and Sahel, the Nilo-Saharan speakers started to collect and domesticate wild millet and sorghum between 8000 and 6000 BCE.

During the prehistoric eras the vast steppes of Southern Russia were home to tribes of nomadic pastoralists.

A Turkic people, the Khazars, ruled the lower Volga basin steppes between the Caspian and Black Seas through to the 8th century.

Except for a few valleys, the mountain area proper is suitable only for grazing in the foothills and steppes ; adequate soil and rainfall, however, make cultivation possible.

Cultivation on nonirrigated land is limited essentially to the mountain valleys, foothills, and steppes, which have or more of rainfall annually.

ceramics and polished stone tools appeared, found spread across Kazakhstan steppes, river valleys, and mountains.