By Late Antiquity, some Gnostic and Neoplatonist thinkers had expanded this syncretic equation to include Aion, Adonis, Attis, Mithras and other gods of the mystery religions.

Franz-Valéry-Marie Cumont ( Aalst, Belgium, 3 January 1868 – Brussels, 25 August 1947 ) was a Belgian archaeologist and historian, a philologist and student of epigraphy, who brought these often isolated specialties to bear on the syncretic mystery religions of Late Antiquity, notably Mithraism.

Phoenician transcription as ספתח, and Neo-Babylonian transcription < sup > I </ sup > si-ip-ta-ḫu ( Vittmann, Göttinger Miszellen 70, p. 65 ), cited in Muchiki, Egyptian Proper Names and Loanwords, 29 .</ ref > Moreover, This recalls the syncretic mythology in the Late Egyptian Hieratic story of " Astarte and the Sea ," wherein Semitic Astarte is also called " Daughter-of-Ptah.

Late Antiquity marks the decline of Roman state religion, circumscribed in degrees by edicts likely inspired by Christian advisors such as Eusebius to 4th century emperors, and a period of dynamic religious experimentation and spirituality with many syncretic sects, some formed centuries earlier, such as Gnosticism or Neoplatonism and the Chaldaean oracles, some novel, such as hermeticism.

In Antiquity a syncretic point-of-view often allowed communities of traders to operate under their own customs.

He observes that " Mithras — moreover, a Mithras who was identified with the Greek Sun god Helios " was among the gods of the syncretic Graeco-Armenian-Iranian royal cult at Nemrut founded by Antiochus I of Commagene in the mid 1st century BC.

Isis was the only goddess worshiped by all Egyptians alike, and whose influence was so widespread that she had become completely syncretic with the Greek goddess Demeter.

He may be a representation of the syncretic combination of the Greek god Hermes and the Egyptian god Thoth.

He was the Egyptian counterpart to the Greek god Apollo, who was made syncretic with Horus in the Hellenistic era as ' Horus the Elder '.

Several of the major Greek goddesses also were identified with Tanit by the syncretic, interpretatio graeca, which recognized as Greek deities in foreign guise the deities of most of the surrounding non-Hellene cultures.

Some schools associate him with Hermes, especially Hermes Trismegistus, a syncretic Egyptian / Greek figure who is a combination of Hermes and of Thoth, a god of the moon, knowledge, and writing.

In church matters, as in philosophy, the two were opposed — Pletho advocated a partial return to Greek paganism in the form of a syncretic union between Christianity and Zoroastrianism ; while Georgios, more cautious, pressed the necessity for ecclesiastical union with Rome on doctrinal grounds, and was instrumental in drawing up a form which from its vagueness and ambiguity might be accepted by both parties.

The naturally syncretic approach of Greek religion blurred distinctions.

Within its allegorical world of trees, the book has two main frames: that of the syncretic Stuart myth, which fuses elements of Greek, Roman and ancient British myth with hermetic neoplatonism, and that of a specific view of Galenic medicine, altered by an interest in neo-Stoical philosophy to be a radically unstable phenomenon.

Several of the major Greek goddesses were identified with Tanit by the syncretic interpretatio graeca, which recognized as Greek deities in foreign guise the gods of most of the surrounding non-Hellene cultures.

By the end of the 1930s rebetiko had reached what can reasonably be called its classic phase, in which elements of the early Piraeus style, elements of the Asia Minor style, clearly European and Greek folk music elements, had fused to generate a genuinely syncretic musical form.

* Gospel of Mary: ( English ), syncretic text, incorporating Coptic and earlier Greek versions ; further web links

However, since Sethians identified Seth with Christ ( Second Logos of the Great Seth ), the view of Philaster that the Sethians had pre-Christian origins, other than in syncretic absorption of Jewish and Greek pre-Christian sources, has been questioned by some modern scholarship.

The mix of Jewish theology and Greek philosophy led to a syncretic mix and much mystical speculation.

These links between deities were fluid, and did not represent the permanent merging of two gods into one ; therefore, some gods could develop multiple syncretic connections.

While anarcho-punk bands have been often ideologically varied, most groups could be categorized has adhering to anarchism without adjectives, in that it embraces the syncretic fusion of many potentially differing ideological strains of anarchism.

Monisms may be theologically syncretic by proposing that there is one God who has many manifestations in the diverse religious traditions.

The use of the swastika by the Bön faith of Tibet, as well as later syncretic religions, such as Cao Dai of Vietnam and Falun Gong of China, can also be traced to Buddhist influence.

These various forms may possibly be different perceptions of the same multi-layered deity in which certain attributes or syncretic relationships are emphasized, not necessarily in opposition but complementary to one another, consistent with how the Ancient Egyptians viewed the multiple facets of reality.

He is thought to be a syncretic deity, a combination of the autochthonous Urartian figure Ara and the Iranic Ahura Mazda.

Gollancz often claimed to be a Christian, although he was never baptised and his understanding of the religion was a highly idiosyncratic one, overall his personal syncretic faith drew on Pelagian Christianity, Judaism, and wide-ranging reading across religious traditions.

Cumont's thesis was re-examined in 1971, and Mithras is now believed to be a syncretic deity only slightly influenced by Persian religion.

The syncretic nature of Japanese belief systems should be noted.

Religion in Laos is highly syncretic, and has drawn from three primary sources, although most Lao people claim to be Theravada Buddhists, many traditions are derived from Hindu and Buddhist practises.

In general, music of Malaysia may be categorized as classical, folk, syncretic ( or acculturated music ), popular and contemporary art music.

Al-Mahdi singled out the persecution of the zanadiqa in order to improve his standing among the purist Shi ' i, who wanted a harder line on heresies, and found the spread of syncretic Muslim-polytheist sects to be particularly virulent.

As a Celtic symbol, it is found primarily of groups with a Celtic cultural orientation and, less frequently, can also be found in use by some Germanic neopagan groups and eclectic or syncretic traditions such as Neopaganism.

" Mexican culture since the pre-Columbian era has maintained a certain reverence towards death, which can be seen in the widespread Mexican celebration of the syncretic Day of the Dead.

A large number of these schools tend to be syncretic and incorporate Hindu japa and other such traditions alongside the Buddhist influences.

In folk religion, he is often called and traditionally held to be the founder of Shugendō, a syncretic religion incorporating aspects of Taoism, Shinto, esoteric Buddhism ( especially Shingon Mikkyō and the Tendai sect ) and traditional Japanese shamanism.

Creeds which were seen as deviant forms of the Caliphal dynasty's Sunni Islam – such as Shi ' as, Alawis, Alevis and Yezidis – had no official status and were considered to be part of the Muslim millet ; only the syncretic Druze of the Djebel Druze and Mount Lebanon enjoyed feudal − type autonomy.

Falangism has attacked both the political left and the right as its " enemies ", declaring itself to be neither left nor right, but a syncretic third position.

National-Anarchists therefore argue they hold a syncretic political stance that is " beyond left and right " because the conventional left – right political spectrum is obsolete and should be replaced with a centralist – decentralist paradigm.

While the synthesis of left-wing and right-wing views in syncretic political ideologies makes their classification problematic, scholars who have examined National-Anarchism consider it to be on the radical right.

Newman was the first to apply modern anthropological theory and writing to the study of Goan society, his main arguments being that Goa has never been part of Portugal, but rather a slightly Lusitanized region of India and that Goan culture must be seen as a syncretic Hindu-Catholic one.

Syncretic or eclectic approaches are sometimes inspired by historical traditions, but are not bound by any strict identification with a historical religion or culture ; eclectic and syncretic movements freely combine elements of multiple religious traditions.