Connes has applied his work in areas of mathematics and theoretical physics, including number theory, differential geometry and particle physics.

The majority of fields in physics can be divided between theoretical work and experimental work,

Aesthetic considerations such as symmetry and simplicity are used in areas of philosophy, such as ethics and theoretical physics and cosmology to define truth, outside of empirical considerations.

After this essay was circulated in samizdat and then published outside the Soviet Union ( initially on July 6, 1968, in the Dutch newspaper Het Parool through intermediary of the Dutch academic and writer Karel van het Reve, followed by The New York Times ), Sakharov was banned from all military-related research and returned to FIAN to study fundamental theoretical physics.

In modern ( late 20th century ) theoretical physics, angular momentum is described using a different formalism.

The study of condensed matter physics involves measuring various material properties via experimental probes along with using techniques of theoretical physics to develop mathematical models that help in understanding physical behavior.

Theoretical condensed matter physics shares important concepts and techniques with theoretical particle and nuclear physics.

Theoretical condensed matter physics involves the use of theoretical models to understand properties of states of matter.

Physical chemistry has large overlap with theoretical chemistry and molecular physics.

* Theoretical chemistry is the study of chemistry via theoretical reasoning ( usually within mathematics or physics ).

A few theoretical physicists have argued that classical physics is intrinsically incapable of explaining the holistic aspects of consciousness, but that quantum theory provides the missing ingredients.

Categories now appear in most branches of mathematics, some areas of theoretical computer science where they correspond to types, and mathematical physics where they can be used to describe vector spaces.

This point of view is the one adopted by the branch of theoretical physics called the physics of computation.

* Theoretical chemistry – study of chemistry via fundamental theoretical reasoning ( usually within mathematics or physics ).

Theoretical chemistry has large overlap with ( theoretical and experimental ) condensed matter physics and molecular physics.

In modern theoretical physics, the Casimir effect plays an important role in the chiral bag model of the nucleon ; and in applied physics, it is significant in some aspects of emerging microtechnologies and nanotechnologies.

In Personal Knowledge, Michael Polanyi argues for the epistemological relevance of knowledge how and knowledge that ; using the example of the act of balance involved in riding a bicycle, he suggests that the theoretical knowledge of the physics involved in maintaining a state of balance cannot substitute for the practical knowledge of how to ride, and that it is important to understand how both are established and grounded.

Maxwell's Laws, which unify light, fields, and charge are one of the great milestones of theoretical physics.

Born in Rotterdam, Dijkstra studied theoretical physics at Leiden University, but quickly realized he was more interested in computer science.

Modern Class AB amplifiers commonly have peak efficiencies between 30 – 55 % in audio systems and 50-70 % in radio frequency systems with a theoretical maximum of 78. 5 %.

Between 70 K and room temperature, berkelium behaves as a Curie – Weiss paramagnetic material with an effective magnetic moment of 9. 69 Bohr magnetons ( µ < sub > B </ sub >) and a Curie temperature of 101 K. This magnetic moment is almost equal to the theoretical value of 9. 72 µ < sub > B </ sub > calculated within the simple atomic L-S coupling model.

Methods that do not include any empirical or semi-empirical parameters in their equations – being derived directly from theoretical principles, with no inclusion of experimental data – are called ab initio methods.

The theoretical background of compression is provided by information theory ( which is closely related to algorithmic information theory ) for lossless compression, and by rate – distortion theory for lossy compression.

* 1900 – Quantum Mechanics: Max Planck presents a theoretical derivation of his black-body radiation law.

Dependent upon the method employed, an average density of the loaded charge can be obtained that is within 80 – 99 % of the theoretical maximum density of the explosive.

* 1927 – German theoretical physicist Werner Heisenberg writes a letter to fellow physicist Wolfgang Pauli, in which he describes his uncertainty principle for the first time.

* 1930 – Jun Kondo, Japanese theoretical physicist

He examined the inter-relations between non-permanent production goods and " latent " or potentially economic permanent resources – building on the choice theoretical insight that, " processes that take more time will evidently not be adopted unless they yield a greater return than those that take less time.

* 1962 – Lisa Randall, American theoretical physicist

* 1947 – Michio Kaku, Japanese-born American theoretical physicist

* 1942 – Stephen Hawking, English theoretical physicist and author

( 6 January 1920 – 19 April 2004 ) was a British theoretical evolutionary biologist and geneticist.

Sir John Anthony Pople, KBE, FRS, ( October 31, 1925 – March 15, 2004 ) was a Nobel-Prize winning theoretical chemist.

Klaus Emil Julius Fuchs ( 29 December 1911 – 28 January 1988 ) was a German-British theoretical physicist and atomic spy who in 1950 was convicted of supplying information from the American, British and Canadian atomic bomb research ( the Manhattan Project ) to the USSR during and shortly after World War II.

In turn, Maoism became the theoretical basis of some third world revolutionary vanguard parties, e. g., the Communist Party of Peru – Red Fatherland, the Communist Party of Cuba, the Sandinista National Liberation Front, et al.

* 1929 – Peter Higgs, British theoretical physicist

Michael Polanyi, FRS ( 11 March 1891 – 22 February 1976 ) was a Hungarian polymath, who made important theoretical contributions to physical chemistry, economics, and philosophy.

Other units commonly used are Gaussian units ( based on the cgs system ), Lorentz – Heaviside units ( used mainly in particle physics ) and Planck units ( used in theoretical physics ).

Classical economists such as Adam Smith ( 1723 – 1790 ) and John Stuart Mill ( 1806 – 1873 ) provided a theoretical background to resource-allocation, production, and pricing issues.

* 2000 – Ta-You Wu, Chinese-born atomic and nuclear theoretical physicist ( b. 1907 )

There are some rare variations of keyboards with more or fewer than 12 keys per octave, mostly used in microtonal music, after the discoveries and theoretical developments of musician and inventor Julián Carrillo ( 1875 – 1965 ).