It can be variously seen as a sub-genre of literary fiction, science fiction, and historical fiction ; different alternate history works may use tropes from any or all of these genres.

Since the 1950s, this type of fiction has to a large extent merged with science fictional tropes involving cross-time travel between alternate histories or psychic awareness of the existence of " our " universe by the people in another ; or ordinary voyaging uptime ( into the past ) or downtime ( into the future ) that results in history splitting into two or more time-lines.

Cross-time, time-splitting and alternate history themes have become so closely interwoven that it is impossible to discuss them fully apart from one another.

In French, Italian, Spanish and German, alternate history novels are called uchronie.

" This term apparently also inspired the name of the alternate history book list, uchronia. net.

In writing an alternate history, the author makes the conscious choice to change something in our past.

According to Steven H Silver, alternate history requires three things: 1 ) the story must have a point of divergence from the history of our world prior to the time at which the author is writing, 2 ) a change that would alter history as it is known, and 3 ) an examination of the ramifications of that change.

Science fiction set in what was the future but is now the past, like Arthur C. Clarke's 2001: A Space Odyssey or Nineteen Eighty-Four, are not alternate history because the author has not made the conscious choice to change the past.

Secret history, works that document things that are not known to have happened historically but would not have changed history had they happened, is also not to be confused with alternate history.

* List of alternate history fiction

Focuses on Watchmen as alternate history.

* AlternateHistory. com-largest alternate history discussion forum on the Internet.

* Althistory Wikia-an alternate history wiki, maintained by Wikia.

* Counter-Factual. net-site dedicated to alternate history as well as other topics, such as science fiction and creative writing.

* HistoryAlternate. com-another alternate history discussion forum.

* Soc. history. what-if-the usenet newsgroup on alternate history with over a decade of archives.

* Alternate History Weekly Update: a blog featuring commentary on alternate history news.

* Paradox: The Magazine of Historical and Speculative Fiction, frequently publishes alternate history stories.

* Uchronia has an introduction to the topic, and lists over 2000 works of alternate history.

* Moriarty by Modem, a short story by Jack Nimersheim, describes an alternate history where Babbage's Analytical Engine was indeed completed and had been deemed highly classified by the British government.

In 1948, he made a return to the Olympics as an alternate on the US yachting team.

* 25px SR A1A is the scenic coastal alternate route to US 1, which also includes some county road spurs and extensions.

* 25px SR 5A is Nova Road, a suffixed alternate route of Florida State Road 5, the unsigned hidden state road for US 1.

From Henderson into Virginia, U. S. 1 runs parallel with I-85 as a two-lane local road until the state line where Virginia hosts a continuous third center lane for alternate passing towards US Highway 58 before South Hill.

US 1 is at the minimum a 3 lane ( with alternate passing ) from the N. C. line to Petersburg with occasional four lane divided sections.

Front cover of the US trade paperback edition with the alternate title of The Original Hitchhiker Radio Scripts, 1985.

A sign on U. S. Route 9 in New Jersey | US 9 in Cape May County, New Jersey | Cape May County designating an alternate route to Route 55

* SR 17-This Scenic Highway goes through the center of town and provides an alternate route parallel to US 27 across eastern Polk County.

Furthermore, State Route 601 is an alternate two-lane highway that acts as a de-facto eastern bypass of Norwalk and US 250, running from SR 113 at Milan to SR 18 southeast of Norwalk.

In 1940, he directed Carole Lombard in Vigil in the Night, and the film has an alternate ending for European audiences in recognition of World War II, which the US had not yet entered.

Though the several states have never held a national constitutional convention for the purpose of proposing amendments, the 21st Amendment to the US Constitution was ratified not by the state legislatures, but by state level conventions after it was passed by Congress, as described as an alternate method of ratification in Article V of the US Constitution.

US 10 has had alternate routes designated in the past, but none are active as of 2004.

This edition contains four discs, retaining the three from the Region 1 Imperial Edition, and including a newly discovered half hour of deleted and alternate footage not present in the US release, and a fourth disc ( third in order of the set ) claiming to feature the 1981 R-rated version, but it ended up being the 1999 version.

This version includes a bonus disc with alternate recordings of several songs (" Master of Insanity ", " Letters from Earth " and " Time Machine ", the latter of which is available on the US version of the album as a bonus track ) and several other songs recorded on 25 July 1992 in Tampa, Florida.

U. S. Route 93 Alternate is an alternate route of US 93 in northeastern Nevada.

It was released in February 2010 in the US under the alternate title of Conspirata.

For collectors, the US releases also contained an alternate mix of " To the Shore " and the first appearance on CD of " The Chauffeur ( Blue Silver )".

Although the bombers were staged out of the continental US, the RAF base was employed in the role of an alternate in case of emergency, and was used as such by at least one aircraft.

US 290 continues toward Austin, so US 281 and US 290 between San Antonio and Austin are available as a scenic and less congested alternate to I-35.

In Madisonville US 41 branches off into a more Western route named US 41-A or Alternate 41 ( only one of several alternate routes on US 41 ) that winds through Webster County, passing through Providence and Dixon before rejoining US 41 in Henderson.

The graphic novel Watchmen is set in an alternate history in 1985 where superheroes exist, the Vietnam War was won by the United States, and Richard Nixon is in his fifth term as President of the United States.

* In the final chapter of Stephen King's Dark Tower series, The Dark Tower, the character Susannah Dean travels to an alternate 1980s New York City where Gary Hart is President.

In his novel The Trick Top Hat, part of his Schrödinger's Cat Trilogy, Robert Anton Wilson described the implementation by the President of an alternate future United States of an altered form of Social Credit, in which the government issues a National Dividend to all citizens in the form of " trade aids ," which can be spent like money but which cannot be lent at interest ( in order to mollify the banking industry ) and which eventually expire ( to prevent inflation and hoarding ).

For Ministry's next album, Jourgensen released the song " No W ", an attack on then-U. S. President George W. Bush ; an alternate version of the track was placed on the multi-performer compilation Rock Against Bush, Vol.

* In Colonization: Aftershocks by Harry Turtledove, part of an alternate history series, Stassen is successful with his ambitions, first elected Vice President under Earl Warren, then succeeding him as president upon Warren's suicide in 1965.

* In Daniel Easterman's alternate history novel K is for Killing ( 1997 ), Stephenson is featured as the sinister power behind the throne after the isolationist Senator Charles Lindbergh is elected President of the United States.

In the Worldwar series of alternate history novels by Harry Turtledove, Hull becomes president at some point in 1944, following the deaths of first Vice President Wallace and then President Roosevelt ( the then existing rule of succession to the Presidency called for the Secretary of State to take that office if there were no Vice President ).

* In Philip K. Dick's 1962 novel The Man in the High Castle, set in an alternate timeline, Bricker succeeded John Nance Garner as the 33rd President of the United States in 1940.

" Democratic National committeewoman for California from 1940 to 1944 ; vice chairwoman of the Democratic State central committee and chairman of the women ’ s division from 1940 to 1944 ; member of the national advisory committee of the Works Progress Administration and of the State committee of the National Youth Administration in 1939 and 1940 ; member of the board of governors of the California Housing and Planning Association in 1942 and 1943 ; appointed by President Franklin D. Roosevelt as a member of the Voluntary Participation Committee, Office of Civilian Defense ; appointed by President Harry S. Truman as alternate United States Delegate to the United Nations Assembly ; elected as a Democrat to the Seventy-ninth, Eightieth, and Eighty-first Congresses ( January 3, 1945-January 3, 1951 ); ... lecturer and author.

* Eve Hubbard, scientist and alternate President of Unistat

Otherwise, the President is to dismiss the Prime Minister and appoint the alternate Prime Minister.

From 1944 to 1954, he was President of the Industrial Development Bank and from 1946 until 1954 he was alternate Governor for Canada at the International Monetary Fund.

* In the alternate history anthology Alternate Presidents, Michael Dukakis is revealed to be an alien upon being taken to Dulce Base, which causes the Base's personnel to rewrite history to allow George H. W. Bush to be elected President instead.

Mo ' Width was issued in July 1994 by Au Go Go Records and made-up of out-takes from the Extra Width-era featuring covers of " There Stands The Glass " ( Webb Pierce ), " Beat of The Traps " ( Teri Rodd & MSR Singers ) and Ole Man Trouble ( Otis Redding ), an alternate mix of " Afro " with a much more prominent organ solo and " Rob K " features Rob Kennedy from The Workdogs and the song was later titled " Rob K is President " on the Mute Records 2000 reissue.

( Note: For the Federal Reserve Bank of New York, the First Vice President is the alternate for the President.

In his last appearance in the alternate timeline film Stargate: Continuum, General Hammond acts as a military advisor to President Henry Hayes.

Because of the rampant misuse of this facility, former President of India APJ Abdul Kalam proposed an alternate method wherein a passenger in an emergency communicates with the guard and driver of the train.

* L. Neil Smith's novel The Probability Broach has an alternate history of the United States, where None of the Above has received the most votes for President of the North American Confederacy on multiple occasions.

Ford also played an alternate version of Susan in the Big Finish Productions Doctor Who Unbound audio plays Auld Mortality and A Storm of Angels, in which Susan has become President of Gallifrey.

Every College and School has a student council of its own, composed by a President, a Board of Directors, the College or School's Student Senator ( and, if available for the College / School, an alternate senator ), Representatives to the General Student Council ( numbers vary from 1 up to 5, depending on the School or college's student population ), and representatives of each department or subdivision present in the School or College.