These ions, under the influence of the electric field, are accelerated into the cathode surface containing the sample, bombarding the sample and causing neutral sample atom ejection through the process known as sputtering.

Then the copper is passed through an electro-winning process to increase its purity: An electric current is passed through the resulting solution of copper ions.

The term is also used as a verb, to describe carbonation: the process of raising the concentrations of carbonate and bicarbonate ions in water to produce carbonated water and other carbonated beverages — either by the addition of carbon dioxide gas under pressure, or by dissolving carbonate or bicarbonate salts into the water.

The breakdown process forms a plasma that contains enough mobile electrons and positive ions to make it an electrical conductor.

Random thermal collisions of gas atoms may result in a few free electrons and positively-charged gas ions, in a process called impact ionizaton.

Acceleration of these free electrons in a strong electric field causes them to gain energy, and when they impact other atoms, the energy causes release of new free electrons and ions ( ionization ), which fuels the same process.

If this process happens faster than it is naturally quenched by ions recombining, the new ions multiply in successive cycles until the gas breaks down into a plasma and current flows freely in a discharge.

Others convert ammonium to nitrite and nitrate ions, a process known as nitrification.

In this process the light electron obtains a high velocity so that the temperature of the created electronic gas is much higher ( of the order of thousand K ) than the one of ions and neutrals.

As gas density increases at lower altitudes, the recombination process prevails, since the gas molecules and ions are closer together.

Ion implantation is a materials engineering process by which ions of a material are accelerated in an electrical field and impacted into a solid.

In this process, rare-earth ions are adsorbed onto suitable ion-exchange resin by exchange with hydrogen, ammonium or cupric ions present in the resin.

In a chemical synapse, the process of synaptic transmission is as follows: when an action potential reaches the axon terminal, it opens voltage-gated calcium channels, allowing calcium ions to enter the terminal.

The heat spike sputtering often increases nonlinearly with energy, and can for small cluster ions lead to dramatic sputtering yields per cluster of the order of 10000 .< ref name = Bouneau1982 > For animations of such a process see here.

Sputtering can also play a role in reactive ion etching ( RIE ), a plasma process carried out with chemically active ions and radicals, for which the sputtering yield may be enhanced significantly compared to pure physical sputtering.

Since plasma compression brings the ions closer together, the process has the additional benefit of facilitating attainment of the required density for a fusion reactor.

The key process of electrolysis is the interchange of atoms and ions by the removal or addition of electrons from the external circuit.

The crosslinking of guar with metal ions results in a linear gel that does not block the formation and helps efficiently in formation cleaning process.

Solvation, also sometimes called dissolution, is the process of attraction and association of molecules of a solvent with molecules or ions of a solute.

The process continues until the rate of release of new electrons in collisions is balanced by the rate of recombination of electrons with argon ions ( atoms that have lost an electron ).

The process continues until the rate of release of new electrons in collisions is balanced by the rate of recombination of electrons with argon ions ( atoms that have lost an electron ).

Electroplating is a plating process in which metal ions in a solution are moved by an electric field to coat an electrode.

In its place is a passionate consciousness grasped and molded to feelings of positive or negative values even as the actions of one's life are determined by constellations of process in which one is caught.

Each year another grade is added to the process, until finally all 12 grades are integrated.

In still others which are barely on the threshold of the transition into modernity, the decade can bring significant progress in launching the slow process of developing their human resources and their basic services to the point where an expanded range of developmental activities is possible.

While there are now allegations of the withholding of `` favorable evidence developed at the hearing '' and a denial of a `` full and fair hearing '', no such claim was made by petitioner at any stage of the administrative process.

Although there is no question but that the process of washing fabrics involves a number of phenomena which are related together in an extremely complicated way and that these phenomena and their interrelations are not well understood at the present, this section attempts to present briefly an up-to-date picture of the physical chemistry of washing either fabrics or hard surfaces.

The washing process whereby soils are removed consists basically of applying mechanical action to loosen the dirt particles and dried matter in the presence of water which helps to float off the debris and acts, to some extent, as a dissolving and solvating agent.

At a third stage in the modernization process are such countries as India, Brazil, the Philippines, and Taiwan, which are ready and committed to move into the stage of self-sustaining growth.

In discussing the process of communication, Loomis defines it as `` the process by which information, decisions, and directives are transmitted among actors and the ways in which knowledge, opinions, and attitudes are formed, or modified by interaction ''.

In the process, he develops some very significant observations about problems of a sort that are often difficult.

In the new process impurities present in the solvent ( benzene ), the monomer, and in the reaction system which would cause deactivation of propagation centers, are rendered inactive prior to polymerization by gradual addition of initiator, a mixture of butyl-lithium and telomeric styryl-lithium, at a temperature low enough to suppress chain growth.

The typical appearance of these various mechanisms is illustrated in Figs. 2, 3, and 4, which are single frame enlargements of high speed movies taken during the course of the knife removal process.

The details of the removal process are shown schematically in Fig. 6.

The leveling process can be accomplished manually, and the results are as satisfactory as those obtained with automatic equipment.

The process consists in turning the platform manually until the outputs of both accelerometers are zero.

It was the conclusion of the first phase of a process of tragic recollection, and of refining the recollection, that will last as long as there are Jews.

These childhood experiences are sources of the self-certainty that the adolescent needs, for experimenting with many roles, and for the freedom to fail sometimes in the process of exploring and discovering her skills and abilities.

Alchemists developed a framework of theory, terminology, experimental process and basic laboratory techniques that are still recognizable today.

" Thus Boolos and Jeffrey are saying that an algorithm implies instructions for a process that " creates " output integers from an arbitrary " input " integer or integers that, in theory, can be chosen from 0 to infinity.

Algorithms are essential to the way computers process data.

In a process called ' anomalous secondary growth ', they are able to create new vascular bundles around which thickening growth occurs.