Thus, although the agenda of external assistance in the economic sphere are cumulative, and many of the policies suggested for nations in the earlier stages remain relevant, the basic purpose of American economic policy during the later stages of development should be to assure that movement into a stage of self-sustaining growth is not prevented by lack of foreign exchange.

Toshiki Kaifu's much publicized spring 1991 tour of five Southeast Asian nations — Malaysia, Brunei, Thailand, Singapore, and the Philippines — culminated in a 3 May major foreign policy address in Singapore, in which he called for a new partnership with the ASEAN and pledged that Japan would go beyond the purely economic sphere to seek an " appropriate role in the political sphere as a nation of peace.

Availability of adequate legal base, opening of credit lines, including the foreign ones, simplified the procedure of private enterprises opening and licensing, led to enlarge-ment of the sphere of entrepreneurship.

Juan Gabriel Valdés, Chile's foreign minister in the 1990s, described the Chile Project as " a striking example of an organized transfer of ideology from the United States to a country within its direct sphere of influence ... the education of these Chileans derived from a specific project designed in the 1950s to influence the development of Chilean economic thinking.

Napoleon, using as a pretext the Mexican Republic's refusal to pay its foreign debts, planned to establish a French sphere of influence in North America by creating a French-backed monarchy in Mexico, a project that was supported by Mexican conservatives who resented the Mexican Republic's laicism.

Henry warned that civil war was threatened because Virginia, " had quit the sphere in which she had been placed by the Constitution, and, in daring to pronounce upon the validity of federal laws, had gone out of her jurisdiction in a manner not warranted by any authority, and in the highest degree alarming to every considerate man ; that such opposition, on the part of Virginia, to the acts of the general government, must beget their enforcement by military power ; that this would probably produce civil war, civil war foreign alliances, and that foreign alliances must necessarily end in subjugation to the powers called in.

In the sphere of foreign policy, Seddon was a notable supporter of the British Empire.

The Japanese regarded this sphere of influence as a political and economic necessity, which prevented foreign states from strangling Japan by blocking its access to raw materials and crucial sea-lanes.

Napoleon III, using as a pretext the Mexican Republic's refusal to pay its foreign debts, planned to establish a French sphere of influence in North America by creating a French-backed monarchy in Mexico, a project which was supported by Mexican conservatives tired of the anti-clerical Mexican republic.

So, too, we are to be careful not to introduce into the sphere of the Torah foreign ideas … Rather, we should always be mindful of the superiority of the Torah, which differs from all other scientific knowledge through its Divine origin … Sages do not demand of us to completely ignore all the scientific knowledge … rather that a person familiar with these other realms of knowledge, but … only from the Torah's perspective … and they warn us that neglecting this perspective will jeopardize our intellectual life.

CARNet activities in the sphere of international cooperation are forming a stable communication channel towards foreign countries, providing CARNet with an opportunity to present Croatia and its academic research community.

However, in the crucial sphere of foreign relations, success eluded him.

Hellenization ( or Hellenisation ) is the historical spread of ancient Greek culture or Hellenistic civilization, and, to a lesser extent, language, over foreign peoples conquered by Greece or in its sphere of influence, particularly during the Hellenistic period following the campaigns of Alexander the Great of Macedon.

This image has a powerful inner coherence, it has its own wholeness and, in addition, a relatively high degree of autonomy, so that it is subject to the control of the conscious mind to only a limited extent, and therefore behaves like an animated foreign body in the sphere of consciousness.

As a politician and as President, Ronald Reagan portrayed himself as being a conservative, anti-communist, in favor of tax cuts, in favor of smaller government in the economic sphere while actively interventionist in the social and foreign policy spheres, and in favor of removing regulations on corporations.

Harden reaffirmed his threat after Germany at the Algeciras Conference of 1906 recognized Morocco as being within the French sphere of influence, in what was for Germany a major foreign policy fiasco, and Eulenburg responded by moving to Switzerland.

Stanisław Głąbiński, for example, argued that in the sphere of foreign relations, Grabski did not show the desired assertiveness.

On 8 September the German foreign minister, Joachim von Ribbentrop, notified the Soviet government that the German forces would have to violate the Soviet " sphere of interest ".

The presence of foreign capital is reduced, the enterprises in the sphere of large and medium industry are owned by the state.

Historically, Tsushima's economy was dependent on that of Korea, it was used as a " frontier territory " and a diplomatic meeting-place between Korea and Japan, it was considered historically by Koreans as a vassal or dependent state of Korea, and despite a variety of changes in terminology over the ages designed to indicate its status in the Japanese sphere of influence, it was effectively considered by Koreans to be Korean land under foreign occupation.

* Grand Commander ( Marangal na Komandante ) – Conferred upon a civilian for singular acts of service with a tangible impact on the Philippine military sphere ; or upon a Crown Prince, Vice President, Senate President, Speaker of the House, Chief Justice or the equivalent, foreign minister or other official of cabinet rank ; or upon an Ambassador, Undersecretary, Assistant Secretary, or other person of a rank similar or equivalent to the foregoing for life achievement in the military field

Kissinger also examines the use of the sphere of influence arguments put forth by the Soviet Union in Eastern and Southern Europe after World War II ; an argument that has been maintained by contemporary Russian foreign relations with regard to the Ukraine, Georgia and other former Soviet satellites in Central Asia.

With the foundation of the modern, secular Republic of Turkey, Mustafa Kemal Atatürk removed religion from the sphere of public policy and restricted it exclusively to that of personal morals, behavior and faith.

According to the official linguistic policy of Tanzania, as announced in 1984, Swahili is the language of the social and political sphere as well as primary and adult education, whereas English is the language of secondary education, universities, technology, and higher courts.

* Recommendations of general nature in the sphere of energy policy, including energy research and development.

Charles's imperial policy was focused on the dynastic sphere and abandoned the lofty ideal of the Empire as a universal monarchy of Christendom.

However, this policy necessarily meant war with not only the Byzantine Empire but the Muslim Fatimid Caliphate as well, who claimed southern Italy as within their sphere influence.

Western nations view Russian bellicosity and belligerence as having markedly increased as of late, with tests of new nuclear-capable missiles occurring on a regular basis, military conflicts with neighboring states, claims of a Russian " sphere of influence " on the perimeter of the old Soviet Union, the rise of ultra-nationalist " Putin Youth " groups, aggressive politicization of and threats of withdrawal of natural gas supplies to Europe should the Europeans not make certain policy concessions, and even threats of a nuclear first strike against Poland have been heard to be made by certain Russian generals.

The ninth Congress initiated a hard line in the cultural sphere, which contrasted with the policy of openness and tolerance enunciated at the previous congress.

The launch of Sputnik in October boosted Soviet confidence and led to a reassessment of policy regarding Indochina, long treated as a Chinese sphere of influence.

While government policy and public debate in France in recent years has returned to a valorization of regional differences and a call for decentralization of certain aspects of the public sphere ( sometimes with ethnic, racial or reactionary overtones ), the history of regional displacement and the nature of the modern urban environment and of mass media and culture have made the preservation of a regional " sense of place or culture " in today's France extremely difficult.

The United Kingdom imposed minor sanctions and diplomatic slights as a response to the treaty, fearing that Amanullah was slipping out of their sphere of influence and realising that the policy of the Afghanistan government was to have control of all of the Pashtun speaking groups on both sides of the Durand Line.

In the end the final policy represented a failure for those who believed in popular control over research resources and those who believe that planning and coordination could be extended to the sphere of science policy.

Unlike some critics of Israeli policy, he publicly opposed the proposed boycott of Israeli academics by the Association of University Teachers in the United Kingdom, arguing that it would " weaken the last public sphere of free thinking and free speech in Israel.

He was known for having done various jobs in support of Françafrique ( a term referring to France's sphere of influence in its former colonies ) for Jacques Foccart, in charge of French president Charles de Gaulle's policy in Africa.

This immediately stepped into the economic policy sphere of the Commission President, although Van Rompuy has defined the Commission's role as the detailed content of economic plans, and the European Council as providing strategic guidance, dealing with means and being responsible for success.

Gates devoted more time than his predecessors Charles E. Wilson and Neil H. McElroy to the development of basic defense policy, a sphere in which the president remained dominant.

In the case of arguments used in politics, this something is an assertion about an element of the public sphere, such as economic policy, the environment, decisions about war and peace, abortion etc.

Data becomes " richer " about political actors, policy options, and the diversity of actors and opinion in the public sphere, but citizenship is " thinner " by virtue of " the ease in which people can become politically expressive without being substantively engaged.

In the sphere of practical politics he exercised considerable influence by inspiring and encouraging the Russification policy of Alexander III, which found expression in an administrative nationalist propaganda and led to Tsarist Russia's most elaborately justified and most thoroughly carried-out programs of religious persecution, largely centered upon Russia's Jews.

This impressed me, until I realized how limited was his sphere of influence.

The other, a shallow concave gradient ( Fig. 1 ), was produced with a so-called `` cone-sphere '' apparatus, the `` cone '' being a 2-liter Erlenmeyer flask and the `` sphere, '' a 2-liter round-bottom flask.

in the sphere was starting buffer and in the cone was final buffer, 0.50 M in both Af and Tris, pH 4.1.

During this term Johnson also made a concerted effort to increase his sphere of interactions ; his higher profile was exemplified by a biographical sketch published in the New York Times in May 1849, describing him as an excellent committee worker and investigator.

When James Bradley and Samuel Molyneux entered this sphere of astronomical research in 1725, there consequently prevailed much uncertainty whether stellar parallaxes had been observed or not ; and it was with the intention of definitely answering this question that these astronomers erected a large telescope at the house of the latter at Kew.

The idea that immediately suggested itself was that the star's declination varied because of short-term changes in the orientation of the Earth's axis relative to the celestial sphere – a phenomenon known as nutation.

His first " continuous tension – discontinuous compression " geodesic dome ( full sphere in this case ) was constructed at the University of Oregon Architecture School in 1959 with the help of students.

The large girth of Blue Steel was determined by the implosion sphere diameter of Green Bamboo.

However, the data he used originated back to epoch B1875. 0, which was when Benjamin A. Gould first made the proposal to designate boundaries for the celestial sphere, a suggestion upon which Delporte would base his work.

But it was not confined to this sphere, and permeated just as strongly his theories of motivation, action, and morality.

The concept of the Dyson sphere was the result of a thought experiment by physicist and mathematician Freeman Dyson, when he theorized that all technological civilizations constantly increased their demand for energy.

Lenin was developing the work of Friedrich Engels, who said that " with each epoch-making discovery, even in the sphere of natural science, materialism has to change its form.

The convention provided for Russian acquiescence that Afghanistan was now outside this sphere of influence, and for Russia to consult directly with Britain on matters relating to Russian-Afghan relations.

E. g., it was his successor Archimedes who proved that a sphere has 2 / 3 the volume of the circumscribing cylinder.

In an effort to keep Albania in the Soviet sphere, increased aid was given but the Albanian leadership continued to move closer towards China.

It was the men who defined these categories, and women were forced to accept male domination in the political sphere.

" A woman ’ s education often consisted of learning to be a good wife and mother ; as a result women were not supposed to be involved in the political sphere, as the limit of their influence was the raising of future citizens.

While the heavens were variously described as being like an umbrella covering the earth ( the Kai Tian theory ), or like a sphere surrounding it ( the Hun Tian theory ), or as being without substance while the heavenly bodies float freely ( the Hsüan yeh theory ), the earth was at all times flat, although perhaps bulging up slightly.

Germany had no direct interest in the Balkans, however, which was largely an Austrian and Russian sphere of influence, although King Carol of Romania was a German prince.

Under Suppiluliuma I and Mursili II, the Empire was extended to most of Anatolia and parts of Syria and Canaan, so that by 1300 BC the Hittites were bordering on the Egyptian sphere of influence, leading to the inconclusive Battle of Kadesh in 1274 BC.

Early in Classical Greece, that the earth is a sphere (" round "), was generally known by all, and around 240 BCE, Eratosthenes ( 276 BCE – 194 BCE ) accurately estimated its circumference.

This economic model based on a partnership between government and business was soon extended to the political sphere, in what came to be known as corporatism.

This method was later used in the 5th century by Chinese father-and-son mathematicians Zu Chongzhi and Zu Geng to find the volume of a sphere (; ).