* In the third mechanism, the Manzetti-mechanism, Manzetti Sergio and colleagues provided evidence that a coordination between water and zinc during catalysis was unlikely, and suggested a third mechanism wherein a histidine from the HExxHxxGxxH-motif participates in catalysis by allowing the Zn < sup > 2 +</ sup > ion to assume a quasi-penta coordinated state, via its dissociation from it.

As with most lanthanides and actinides, actinium exists in the oxidation state + 3, and the Ac < sup > 3 +</ sup > ions are colorless in solutions.

The oxidation state + 3 originates from the 6d < sup > 1 </ sup > 7s < sup > 2 </ sup > electronic configuration of actinium, that is it easily donates 3 electrons assuming a stable closed-shell structure of the noble gas radon.

The oxidation state + 2 is only known for actinium dihydride ( AcH < sub > 2 </ sub >).

Except for AcPO < sub > 4 </ sub >, they are all similar to the corresponding lanthanum compounds and contain actinium in the oxidation state + 3.

Some sources state that At < sub > 2 </ sub > does not exist, or at least has never been observed, while other sources assert or imply its existence.

These states are labeled by a set of quantum numbers summarized in the term symbol and usually associated with particular electron configurations, i. e., by occupation schemes of atomic orbitals ( e. g., 1s < sup > 2 </ sup > 2s < sup > 2 </ sup > 2p < sup > 6 </ sup > for the ground state of neon -- term symbol: < sup > 1 </ sup > S < sub > 0 </ sub >).

## < tt > AddRoundKey </ tt >— each byte of the state is combined with the round key using bitwise xor

## < tt > ShiftRows </ tt >— a transposition step where each row of the state is shifted cyclically a certain number of steps.

## < tt > MixColumns </ tt >— a mixing operation which operates on the columns of the state, combining the four bytes in each column.

In the < tt > SubBytes </ tt > step, each byte in the state is replaced with its entry in a fixed 8-bit lookup table, S ; b < sub > ij </ sub > = S ( a < sub > ij </ sub >).

In the < tt > SubBytes </ tt > step, each byte in the state matrix is replaced with a < tt > SubByte </ tt > using an 8-bit substitution box, the Rijndael S-box.

In the < tt > ShiftRows </ tt > step, bytes in each row of the state are shifted cyclically to the left.

The < tt > ShiftRows </ tt > step operates on the rows of the state ; it cyclically shifts the bytes in each row by a certain offset.

In this way, each column of the output state of the < tt > ShiftRows </ tt > step is composed of bytes from each column of the input state.

In the < tt > MixColumns </ tt > step, each column of the state is multiplied with a fixed polynomial c ( x ).

In the < tt > MixColumns </ tt > step, the four bytes of each column of the state are combined using an invertible linear transformation.

where n < sup > c </ sup > denotes the charge conjugate state, i. e., the antiparticle.

During these experiments, < sup > 261 </ sup > Bh was also identified in the 2n evaporation channel and it was confirmed that < sup > 262 </ sup > Bh exists as two states-a ground state and an isomeric state.

In total, Côte d ' Ivoire comprises 322, 460 km < sup > 2 </ sup >, of which 318, 000 km < sup > 2 </ sup > is land and 4, 460 km < sup > 2 </ sup > is water, which makes the country slightly larger than the U. S. state of New Mexico, or about the size of Germany.

The first state to ratify was Virginia on December 16, 1777 .< ref >

Table 2 shows operating cost data of state vehicles selected at random.

The reasons are obvious: ( 1 ) the state is buying in quantity, and ( 2 ) it has no federal excise or state sales tax to pay.

I have the honor to refer to the Agricultural Commodities Agreement signed today between the Government of the United States of America and the Government of India ( hereinafter referred to as the Agreement ) and, with regard to the rupees accruing to uses indicated under Article 2, of the Agreement, to state that the understanding of the Government of the United States of America is as follows: 1.

During World War 2, about 7.5 million persons were enrolled in courses organized under two special programs administered by state and local school authorities: ( 1 ) Vocational Education for National Defense, and ( 2 ) War Production Training.

( 2 ) displacement of state law by federal law in state courts in all actions regarding collective bargaining agreements ; ;

The policy may not be unique but the maximum value of P certainly is, and once the policy is specified this maximum can be calculated by ( 2 ) and ( 3 ) as a function of the feed state Af.

The transition from segregation to finances might already be in progress, in the form of an administration proposal to hike the state sales tax from 2 per cent to 3 per cent.

For example Connecticut applies the following standard to review unpreserved claims: 1. the record is adequate to review the alleged claim of error ; 2. the claim is of constitutional magnitude alleging the violation of a fundamental right ; 3. the alleged constitutional violation clearly exists and clearly deprived the defendant of a fair trial ; 4. if subject to harmless error analysis, the state has failed to demonstrate harmlessness of the alleged constitutional violation beyond a reasonable doubt.

Modern physics explains this by noting that the n = 1 state holds 2 electrons, the n = 2 state holds 8 electrons, and the n = 3 state holds 8 electrons ( in argon ).

The average winter minimum for the entire state is 35 ° F ( 2 ° C ), and there is an average of 35 days in each year in which the thermometer falls below the freezing-point.

The change in internal energy of a system, measured from state 1 to state 2, is equal to

More recent papers have confirmed this observation, demonstrating that seawater Ca < sup > 2 +</ sup > concentration is not constant, and that the ocean probably never is in “ steady state ” with respect to its calcium input and output.

The oxidation state + 1 can be reached by dissolving cadmium in a mixture of cadmium chloride and aluminium chloride, forming the Cd < sub > 2 </ sub >< sup > 2 +</ sup > cation, which is similar to the Hg < sub > 2 </ sub >< sup > 2 +</ sup > cation in mercury ( I ) chloride.

The hydrolysis of the γ phosphate of GTP into guanosine diphosphate ( GDP ) and P < sub > i </ sub >, inorganic phosphate, occurs by the S < sub > N </ sub > 2 mechanism ( see nucleophilic substitution ) via a pentavalent intermediate state and is dependent on the magnesium ion Mg < sup > 2 +</ sup >.

The iron ion may be either in the Fe < sup > 2 +</ sup > or in the Fe < sup > 3 +</ sup > state, but ferrihemoglobin ( methemoglobin ) ( Fe < sup > 3 +</ sup >) cannot bind oxygen.

In binding, oxygen temporarily and reversibly oxidizes ( Fe < sup > 2 +</ sup >) to ( Fe < sup > 3 +</ sup >) while oxygen temporarily turns into superoxide, thus iron must exist in the + 2 oxidation state to bind oxygen.

The iron atom in the heme group must initially be in the ferrous ( Fe < sup > 2 +</ sup >) oxidation state to support oxygen and other gases ' binding and transport ( it temporarily switches to ferric during the time oxygen is bound, as explained above ).

Initial oxidation to the ferric ( Fe < sup > 3 +</ sup >) state without oxygen converts hemoglobin into " hemiglobin " or methemoglobin ( pronounced " MET-hemoglobin "), which cannot bind oxygen.

Some TRP channels seem to be constitutively open, while others are gated by voltage, intracellular Ca < sup > 2 +</ sup >, pH, redox state, osmolarity, and mechanical stretch.

Some TRP channels seem to be constitutively open, while others are gated by voltage, intracellular Ca < sup > 2 +</ sup >, pH, redox state, osmolarity, and mechanical stretch.

The most common oxidation state of nickel is + 2, but compounds of Ni < sup > 0 </ sup >, Ni < sup >+</ sup >, and Ni < sup > 3 +</ sup > are well known, and Ni < sup > 4 +</ sup > has been demonstrated.

Ytterbium is often used as a doping material ( as Yb < sup > 3 +</ sup >) for high power and wavelength-tunable solid state lasers.

Cerium also forms compounds with the + 4 oxidation state ; Ce < sup > 4 +</ sup > has the very stable electronic configuration of the noble gas xenon and is a strong oxidising agent.

Ferrous ( Fe < sup > 2 +</ sup >), in chemistry, indicates a divalent iron compound (+ 2 oxidation state ), as opposed to ferric, which indicates a trivalent iron compound (+ 3 oxidation state ).

The change in spin state is a cooperative effect of higher crystal field splitting and smaller ionic radius of Fe < sup > 2 +</ sup > in the oxy-moiety.

Ceruloplasmin exhibits oxidase activity, which is associated with possible oxidation of Fe < sup > 2 +</ sup > ( ferrous iron ) into Fe < sup > 3 +</ sup > ( ferric iron ), therefore assisting in its transport in the plasma in association with transferrin, which can only carry iron in the ferric state.

* If necessary, a state of ionization or an excited state may be indicated in the right superscript position ( e. g., state of ionization Ca < sup > 2 +</ sup >).