The contemporary view of beauty is not based on innate qualities, but rather on cultural specifics and individual interpretations.

George Gummerman and Miranda Warburton view archaeoastronomy as part of an archaeology informed by cultural anthropology and aimed at understanding a " group's conception of themselves in relation to the heavens ', in a word, its cosmology.

Such ethnographers and their students promoted the idea of " cultural relativism ", the view that one can only understand another person's beliefs and behaviors in the context of the culture in which he or she lived or lives.

American " cultural anthropologists " focused on the ways people expressed their view of themselves and their world, especially in symbolic forms, such as art and myths.

Love's song lyrics are predominantly told from a female's point of view, and her earlier work, particularly on Hole's first two albums, was noted for being highly aggressive and critical toward cultural definitions of women.

In the nineteenth century, Thomas Bulfinch combined these into a single synoptic view of material which Andrew Stewart calls a " historically-intractable farrago of ' evidence ', heavily tinged with Athenian cultural chauvinism ".

In the early 1960s Bruner went to Africa to teach math and science to schoolchildren, which influenced his view as schooling as a cultural institution.

Psychological complications are related to cultural context ; damage may occur to women who undergo FGM particularly when they are moving outside their traditional circles and are confronted with a view that mutilation is not the norm.

More recent theories view the nomadic confederacies, such as the Huns, as the formation of several different cultural, political and linguistic entities that could dissolve as quickly as they formed, entailing a process of ethnogenesis.

A view of the remains of the Cluny Abbey | Abbey of Cluny, a Rule of St. Benedict | Benedictine monastery, was the centre of monastic life revival in the Middle Ages and marked an important step in the cultural rebirth following the Early Middle Ages | Dark Ages.

Since the 1950s, when Lacan and Foucault argued that each epoch has its own knowledge system, which individuals are inexorably entangled with, many post-structuralists have used historicism to describe the view that all questions must be settled within the cultural and social context in which they are raised.

In contrast to this point of view, practices such as Humanistic Judaism reject the religious aspects of Judaism, while retaining certain cultural traditions.

One view emphasizes events occurring during and after the U. S. Occupation of Japan ( 1945 – 1952 ), and stresses U. S. cultural influences, including U. S. comics ( brought to Japan by the GIs ) and images and themes from U. S. television, film, and cartoons ( especially Disney ).

He hypothesised that one could view many cultural entities as replicators, and pointed to melodies, fashions and learned skills as examples.

One view sees memes as providing a useful philosophical perspective with which to examine cultural evolution.

Proponents of this view ( such as Susan Blackmore and Daniel Dennett ) argue that considering cultural developments from a meme's-eye view — as if memes themselves respond to pressure to maximise their own replication and survival — can lead to useful insights and yield valuable predictions into how culture develops over time.

Identifying punk with such topics aligns with the view expressed by V. Vale, founder of San Francisco fanzine Search and Destroy: " Punk was a total cultural revolt.

The early years of the 21st century have seen a shift of opinion in Scott's favour, in what cultural historian Stephanie Barczewski calls " a revision of the revisionist view ".

" They label this dominant tendency " cultural feminism " and view it as a " neo-Victorian " ideology coming out of radical feminism but ultimately antithetical to it.

By the mid-1930s most US psychologists had adopted the view that environmental and cultural factors played a dominant role.

The universalist view holds that all humans share the same set of basic faculties and that variability due to cultural differences is negligible.

Edwards ( 2000 ) contradicts the conventional view that in the wake of the Scopes trial a humiliated fundamentalism retreated into the political and cultural background, a viewpoint evidenced in the movie Inherit the Wind and the majority of contemporary historical accounts.

This definition is in accord with the view that political change is important for responding to economic, ecological and cultural challenges.

* Sociological and cultural aspects of Tourette syndrome – for discussion of the discredited view that Mozart suffered from Tourette's syndrome

These " politically neutral " groups tend to avoid global conflicts and view the settlement of inter-human conflict as separate from regard for nature-in direct contradiction to the ecology movement and peace movement which have increasingly close links: While Green Parties and Greenpeace, and groups like the ACTivist Magazine for example, regard ecology, biodiversity and an end to non-human extinction as absolutely basic to peace, the local groups may not, and may see a high degree of global competition and conflict as justifiable if it lets them preserve their own local uniqueness.

According to this view, the mere existence of billions of humans overstresses the ecology of the planet, eventually leading to a Malthusian collapse.

However, this view depends on whether one determines that it is the development ( the plant ) which needs to be sustainable, or whether it is the human-nature ecology ( the environmental conditions ) in which the plant exists which should be sustainable.

This view still might be contrasted with deep ecology, which holds that an intrinsic value is attached to all forms of life and nature, whether currently assumed to be sentient or not.

Affluence, automation, consumerism, and American power would grow ; social equity would simply take care of itself on a rising tide of abundance ; women would still be confined largely to the domestic realm ; the human race would master nature through technology rather than view it in terms of ecology.

The principal value underlying most expressions of the conservation ethic is that the natural world has intrinsic and intangible worth along with utilitarian value — a view carried forward by the scientific conservation movement and some of the older Romantic schools of ecology movement.

Companies who utilize this organization type reflect a rather one-sided view of what goes on in ecology.

Deep ecology is the argument for the intrinsic value or inherent worth of the environment – the view that it is valuable in itself.

Five factors will influence knowledge transfer from the view of forest landscape ecology: the generation of research capacity, the potential for application, the users of the knowledge, the infrastructure capacity, and the process by which knowledge is transferrd ( Turner, 2006 ).

Some view this as unsustainable due to the damage to soil ecology of the Marsh.

Allègre has accused those agreeing with the mainstream scientific view of global warming of being motivated by money, saying that “ the ecology of helpless protesting has become a very lucrative business for some people !”

In Jenkins ' view, content moves between different media, and videogames are a part of the general ecology of storytelling media that include movies, novels, and comic books ( Jenkins, 2003 ).

Benoist considers himself, however, neither left nor right-wing, and has recently tried to appear less radical: in his preference for Martin Heidegger over his first influence, Friedrich Nietzsche ; his support of multiculturalism rather than disappearance of immigrants ' identities ( though he does not support immigration itself ); his interest in ecology ; and a less aggressive view of Christianity.

However, the paradigm shift of the gene-centric view of evolution ( popularised by Richard Dawkins in The Selfish Gene ) shortly afterwards overturned this idea: mainstream views in behavioural ecology and sociobiology saw natural selection restored to Darwinian principles in terms of survival value to the individual ( and its kin ).

In evolutionary terms, he located this view of cultural ecology as “ multi-linear ,” in contrast to the unilinear typological models popular in the 19th century, and Leslie White ’ s “ universal ” approach.

The new federal outlook on fire policy parallels advances in ecology and is moving towards the view that many ecosystems depend on disturbance for their diversity and for the proper maintenance of their natural processes.

It involves the study of all kinds of human settlements, with a view to geography and ecology — the physical environment — and human psychology and anthropology, and cultural, political, and occasionally aesthetics.

Advocates of this view claim that since we live as part of one planet's photosynthesis chain and are trapped within its gravity well, we are effectively components of one large body — that being the global ecology of Earth itself.