In contrast to this Stoic-patristic view, Utopia implies that the nature of man is such that to rely on individual conscience to supply the deficiencies of municipal law is to embark on the bottomless sea of human sinfulness in a sieve.

It is possible to view all human cultures as part of one large, ever-changing global culture.

Harlan Ellison ( who began reading van Vogt as a teenager ) wrote, " Van was the first writer to shine light on the restricted ways in which I had been taught to view the universe and the human condition.

While there are ancient relations between the Indian Vedas and the Iranian Avesta, the two main families of the Indo-Iranian philosophical traditions were characterized by fundamental differences in their implications for the human being's position in society and their view on the role of man in the universe.

C. S. Lewis supported this argument and challenged the evolutionary naturalistic view of morality – that morality evolved and is a human construct – by arguing that without objective moral truths, moral scepticism would set in, leading to moral anarchy.

Course of the aorta in the thorax ( anterior view ), starting posterior to the main pulmonary artery, but then anterior to the right pulmonary arteries, the human trachea | trachea and the esophagus, but then turning posteriorly to course dorsally to these structures.

The anthroposophical view is that good is found in the balance between two polar, generally evil influences on world and human evolution.

Waldorf education is one of the most visible practical applications of an anthroposophical view and understanding of the human being and has been characterized as " the leader of the international movement for a New Education ,"

Thus, in Steiner's view, we can overcome the subject-object divide through inner activity, even though all human experience begins by being conditioned by it.

In it Heschel forwards what would become a central idea in his theology: that the prophetic ( and, ultimately, Jewish ) view of God is best understood not as anthropomorphic ( that God takes human form ) but rather as anthropopathic — that God has human feelings.

Apollinarism or Apollinarianism was a view proposed by Apollinaris of Laodicea ( died 390 ) that Jesus could not have had a human mind ; rather, that Jesus had a human body and lower soul ( the seat of the emotions ) but a divine mind.

The IPCC's attribution of recent global warming to human activities is a view shared by most scientists,

In " The Complete Calvin And Hobbes ," Watterson does not name the inspiration for Calvin's character, but he does say Calvin is named for " a 16th-century theologian who believed in predestination ," and Hobbes for " a 17th-century philosopher with a dim view of human nature.

Anthropogenic biomes provide an alternative view of the terrestrial biosphere based on global patterns of sustained direct human interaction with ecosystems, including agriculture, human settlements, urbanization, forestry and other uses of land.

The mainstream view among anthropologists is that the increases in human brain-size occurred well before the advent of cooking, due to a shift away from the consumption of nuts and berries to the consumption of meat.

One way to view the issue is whether it is possible to accurately simulate a human brain on a computer without accurately simulating the neurons that make up the human brain.

His own view is that consciousness has subjective, first-person causal powers by being essentially intentional due simply to the way human brains function biologically ; conscious persons can perform computations, but consciousness is not inherently computational the way computer programs are.

Indeed, he tries to reinvent these notions from a personal point of view and to introduce them into human relationships.

But although cognitive psychology is concerned with all human activity rather than some fraction of it, the concern is from a particular point of view.

Social conservatives ( in the first meaning of the word ) in many countries generally favor the pro-life position in the abortion controversy and oppose human embryonic stem cell research ( particularly if publicly funded ); oppose both eugenics and human enhancement ( transhumanism ) while supporting bioconservatism ; support a traditional definition of marriage as being one man and one woman ; view the nuclear family model as society's foundational unit ; oppose expansion of civil marriage and child adoption rights to couples in same-sex relationships ; promote public morality and traditional family values ; oppose atheism, especially militant atheism, secularism and the separation of church and state ; support the prohibition of drugs, prostitution, and euthanasia ; and support the censorship of pornography and what they consider to be obscenity or indecency.

* Gene-centered view of evolution

One view, especially held in evolutionary psychology, is that the presence of venomous spiders led to the evolution of a fear of spiders or made acquisition of a fear of spiders especially easy.

The alternative view is that the dangers, such as from spiders, are overrated and not sufficient to influence evolution.

The anthroposophical view of evolution considers all animals to have evolved from an early, unspecialized form.

An even more radical point of view is the postulate of digital physics that the evolution of the universe itself is a computation-pancomputationalism.

Geographical beliefs such as environmental determinism, the view that some parts of the world are underdeveloped, legitimised colonialism and created notions of skewed evolution.

Mayr rejected the idea of a gene-centered view of evolution and starkly but politely criticized Richard Dawkins ' ideas:

If we are to explain language's evolution, according to this view, we must tackle it as part of a wider one — the evolutionary emergence of symbolic culture as such.

He says that the view that mind is an epiphenomenon of brain activity is not consistent with evolutionary theory, because if mind were functionless, it would have disappeared long ago, as it would not have been favoured by evolution.

Modern phylogenetics and paleontology work together in the clarification of science ’ s still dim view of the appearance of life and its evolution during deep time on earth.

In Crick ’ s view, Charles Darwin ’ s theory of evolution by natural selection, Gregor Mendel ’ s genetics and knowledge of the molecular basis of genetics, when combined, revealed the secret of life.

) language, and Koch's view of the evolution of Celtic is not generally accepted.

In keeping with the thesis that in evolution one can regard organisms simply as suitable " hosts " for reproducing genes, Dawkins argues that one can view people as " hosts " for replicating memes.

One view sees memes as providing a useful philosophical perspective with which to examine cultural evolution.

Ronald Fisher held the view that genetic drift plays at the most a minor role in evolution, and this remained the dominant view for several decades.

In The Expanding Circle, he argues that the evolution of human society provides support for the utilitarian point of view.

In the latter work, which examines the subject of paleoanthropology, Bouts developed a teleological and orthogenetical view on a perfecting evolution, from the paleo-encephalical skull shapes of prehistoric man, which he considered still prevalent in criminals and savages, towards a higher form of mankind, thus perpetuating phrenology's problematic racializing of the human frame.

The analysis of " mainstream Puritanism " in terms of the evolution from it of separatist and antinomian groups that did not flourish, and others that continue to this day such as Baptists and Quakers, can suffer in this way, as well as risking an incoherent view of where the burden of belief lay for the " godly ".

In this view, evolution is seen as generally smooth and continuous.

The Social Darwinists ' view is derived from Charles Darwin's interpretation of evolution by natural selection, which is explicitly competitive (" survival of the fittest "), Malthusian (" struggle for existence "), even gladiatorial (" red in tooth and claw "), and permeated by the Victorian laissez-faire ethos of Darwin and his disciples ( such as T. H. Huxley and Herbert Spencer ).

His view was based on what may be the first in-depth lithic analysis of the objects in his collection, which led him to believe that they are artifacts and to suggest that the historical evolution of these artifacts followed a scheme.