The tendency to treat elections as an instrument of self-interest rather than an instrument of national interest had two important effects on electoral planning in Morocco.

There were two more nominal bishops, but on the petition of the latter of these, the electoral prince John George, the secularisation of the bishopric was undertaken and finally accomplished, in spite of legal proceedings to reassert the imperial immediacy of the prince-bishopric within the Empire and so to likewise preserve the diocese, which dragged on into the seventeenth century.

Each coalition can present two candidates for the two Senate and two lower-chamber seats apportioned to each chamber's electoral districts.

Support in Scotland was critical to Labour's overall electoral fortunes as without Scottish MPs it would have gained only two UK electoral victories in the 20th century ( 1945 and 1966 ).

Hoover is the most recent cabinet secretary to be elected President of the United States, as well as one of only two Presidents ( along with William Howard Taft ) to have been elected without previous electoral experience or high military rank.

The other electors refused to allow two princes from the same dynasty to have electoral rights, so a heated rivalry arose between the Count Palatine and the Duke of Bavaria.

The acquisition in 1514 of the very influential Prince-Archbishopric-Electorate of Mainz for Albert was a coup that provided the Hohenzollerns with control over two of the seven electoral votes in imperial elections and many suffragan dioceses to levy dues.

The voting for the Representatives according to the majority principle can be conducted in two electoral rounds, whereas the voting according to the proportional principle ends in the first round.

The 1936 Constitution also split the Soviets into two legislatures, the Soviet of the Union – representing electoral districts, and the Soviet of the Nationalities – that represented the ethnic makeup of the country as a whole.

Cordon Sanitaires, however, have been increasingly abandoned over the past two decades in multi-party democracies as the pressure to construct broad coalitions in order to win elections-along with the increased willingness of outsider parties themselves to participate in government-has led to many such parties entering electoral and government coalitions.

The 2006 Mexican elections had a fierce competition, the electoral results showed a minimal difference between the two most voted candidates and such difference was just about the 0. 58 % of the total vote.

However the fact that it involves two rounds means that, for large elections, runoff voting is more expensive than some other electoral systems.

The two-round voting system also has the potential to cause political instability between the two rounds of voting, adding further to the economic impact of the two-round electoral system.

It called for an extension of suffrage to include almost all the adult male population, electoral reform, for Parliament to be elected every two years, for religious freedom, and for an end to imprisonment for debt.

In the United States, for example, the reasons have to do with the historical foundations of the two party system, political socialization and practical considerations, the winner-take-all electoral system, and state and federal laws favoring the two party system.

In all but two states, Maine and Nebraska, the presidential candidate winning a plurality of votes wins all of the electoral votes, a practice called the unit rule.

The 1800 election exposed a defect in the original formula in that if each member of the electoral college followed party tickets, there would be a tie between the two candidates from the most popular ticket.

Additionally, it was becoming increasingly apparent that a situation in which the Vice President had been a defeated electoral opponent of the President would impede the ability of the two to effectively work together, and could provide motivation, at least in theory, for a coup d ' état ( since the Vice President would succeed to the office of the President upon the removal or death of the President ).

Its choice is limited to those with the " two highest numbers " of electoral votes.

However, since the Civil War there have been two serious attempts by Southern-based parties to run regional candidates in hopes of denying either of the two major candidates an electoral college majority.

Over the last two decades of his reign, Alfred undertook a radical reorganisation of the military institutions of his kingdom, strengthened the West Saxon economy through a policy of monetary reform and urban planning and strove to win divine favour by resurrecting the literary glories of earlier generations of Anglo-Saxons.

He proposed a reform of the Latin alphabet by the addition of three new letters, two of which served the function of the modern letters W and Y.

In the Agreement of the People, 1649, they asked for: a more representative and accountable parliament, to meet every two years ; a reform of law so it would be available to, and fair to all ; and religious toleration.

On Jan. 30, just days after the demonstrations to reform the Egyptian government, Muslims in southern Egypt broke into two homes belonging to Coptic Christians.

Council of Basel, Ferrara and Florence ( 1431 – 1445 ) addressed church reform and reunion with the Eastern Churches, but split into two parties.

The CUTH was formed in May 1992 by two principal labor federations, the Unitary Federation of Honduran Workers ( Federación Unitaria de Trabajadores de Honduras — FUTH ) and the Independent Federation of Honduran Workers ( Federación Independiente de Trabajadores de Honduras — FITH ), as well as several smaller labor groups, all critical of the Callejas government's neoliberal economic reform program.

There were two reasons for this: first, the emergence of further schisms arising from competing reform projects ; and second, a general lack of awareness of Ido as a candidate for an international language.

Lithuania's suspension of two strongly ethnic Polish district councils on charges of blocking reform or disloyalty during the August 1991 coup had cooled relations with Poland, but bilateral cooperation markedly increased with the holding of elections in those districts and the signing of a bilateral Friendship Treaty in 1994.

After the war, two studies of the repatriation of American prisoners of war by Robert Jay Lifton and by Edgar Schein concluded that brainwashing ( called " thought reform " by Lifton and " coercive persuasion " by Schein ) had a transient effect.

The meaning of left-wing and right-wing varies considerably between different countries and at different times, but generally speaking, it can be said that the right wing often values tradition and social stratification while the left wing often values reform and egalitarianism, with the center seeking a balance between the two such as with social democracy or regulated capitalism.

Like his famous predecessor Innocent III, he set his mind on the achievement of two great goals: the recovery of the Holy Land in the Fifth Crusade and a spiritual reform of the entire Church.

The arrest and long-term detention of two reformist Parliamentarians, Ma ’ mun al-Humsy and Riad Seif, in August and September 2001, respectively, and the apparent marginalizing of some of the reformist advisors in the past four years, indicate that the pace of any political reform in Syria is likely to be much slower than the short-lived Damascus Spring promised.

Harding's only notable reform effort in his first term ( Ohio state offices had terms of two years ) was a progressive bill to revamp the municipal code, which had passed the Senate but was halted by a single member's procedural call to " reconsider ".

The resulting Parliament included 143 GPC, 69 YSP, 63 Islaah ( Yemeni grouping for reform, a party composed of various tribal and religious groups ), six Baathis, three Nasserists, two Al Haq, and 15 independents.

On 9 June 2009 Mani stated that the band would reform if they were offered enough money but admitted that he's " very nearly given up " on trying to orchestrate a reunion and two months later told BBC Newsbeat how Ian Brown " isn't up for it at all ".

The number was further decreased by the 1970 Danish municipal reform, leaving 14 counties plus two cities unconnected to the county structure ; Copenhagen and Frederiksberg.

His supporters claim that the first two charges clash with his voting record on most social issues, such as homosexual law reform ( he was actually a co-sponsor of a bill on this issue in May 1965 and opposed the death penalty, both reforms unpopular among Conservatives at the time, but he kept a low profile to his stance on these non-party " issues of conscience ".

His death was followed by almost two decades of conflict called the Hussite Wars, which were centred around greater calls for religious reform by Jan Hus and spurred by popular outrage provoked from his martyrdom.

In the clinical setting, the two strands of anti-psychiatry — criticism of psychiatric knowledge and reform of its practices — were never entirely distinct.

Senator McCain, one of the two original sponsors of campaign finance reform, noted after the decisions that " campaign finance reform is dead " – but predicted a voter backlash once it became obvious how much money corporations and unions now could and would pour into campaigns.

In a letter to his cousin, Zhou identified two broad paths of reform for China: " gradual reform " ( as in England ) or " violent means " ( as in Russia ).

The first major reform came in 1917 when outrage over the election-year murder of a police officer led to the shrinking of the Philadelphia City Council from two houses to just one.