The European powers had control of other parts of Asia by the 1900s, such as British India, French Indochina, Spanish East Indies, and Portuguese Macau and Goa.

Prior to the southwards migration of the Tai people from Yunnan in the 10th century, the Indochina peninsula had been a home to various indigenous animistic communities for as far back as 500, 000 years ago.

In terms of economic development, the Srisdi regime did not only continue what the Phibul regime had done since 1955, but it also significantly intensified this development with full support from the U. S. due to the regime's decision to cut all ties with the People's Republic of China and its full support for the U. S. operation in Indochina.

Before 1975, North Vietnam had maintained that the Central Highlands and the Giai Truong Son were strategic areas of paramount importance, essential to the domination not only of South Vietnam but also of the southern part of Indochina.

The United States intervention against communist forces in Indochina during a conflict commonly referred to in the United States as the Vietnam War meant that Vietnam, Laos and Cambodia had to go through a prolonged and protracted war in their route to independence.

Thailand also returned the portions of British Burma and French Indochina that had been annexed.

He arrived in Indochina after the 1954 battle of Dien Bien Phu, which had been lost by France and which prompted prime minister Pierre Mendès France to put an end to the war at the Geneva Conference.

In 1904, in order to get back Chantaburi Siam had to give Trat to French Indochina.

The principal reasons why French settlement didn't grow in a manner similar to that in French North Africa ( which had a population of over 1 million French civilians ) were because French Indochina was seen as a colonie d ' exploitation économique ( economic colony ) rather than a colonie de peuplement ( settlement colony helping Metropolitan France from being overpopulated ), and because Indochina was distant from France itself.

Diệm's appointment came after the French had been defeated at the Battle of Dien Bien Phu and were ready to withdraw from Indochina.

Barred by Britain from using the Suez Canal, the Russians sailed around Africa, and by April and May 1905 had anchored at Cam Ranh Bay in French Indochina.

As result of refugee movements in the wake of the Indochina Wars ( 1946 – 1975 ), in particular in Laos, the largest Hmong community to settle outside Asia went to the United States where approximately 100, 000 individuals had already arrived by 1990.

Along with Colonel Jean Gardes, who had first theorized counter-insurgency tactics during the Indochina War ( 1947 – 1954 ), Jean Ousset developed the concept of " subversion " referring to an essential enemy threatening the existence of Occident itself.

Transcripts of the meetings show Kissinger arguing for a forceful response and winning out, claiming that the U. S. had to present a strong front to the new Communist regimes in Indochina.

This caused the French to fully withdraw from the region then known as French Indochina, a process they had begun earlier.

If Communists succeeded in taking over the rest of Indochina, Eisenhower argued, local groups would then have the encouragement, material support and momentum to take over Burma, Thailand, Malaya and Indonesia ; all of these countries had large popular Communist movements and insurgencies within their borders at the time.

In the meantime, the Cambodian Campaign of April 1970, in which US and South Vietnamese forces entered Cambodian territory in pursuit of North Vietnamese and Viet Cong troops, had irrevocably involved Lon Nol's regime in the Second Indochina War.

Within French Indochina, Cochinchina had the status of a colony, Annam was nominally a protectorate where the Nguyễn Dynasty still ruled, and Tonkin had a French governor with local governments run by Vietnamese officials.

" It was the reaction of Premier Pierre Mendès France ( Radical-Socialist Party ), who only a few months before had completed the liquidation of France's empire in Indochina, which set the tone of French policy for five years.

In the previous novel, China had conquered India and Indochina.

His work on Vietnamese themes in the 1960s, based on his disgust with the turmoil France had left in Vietnam ( formerly French Indochina ) and the ensuing Vietnam war, seemed at that time in Paris to be a voice in the wilderness.

Following Japan's refusal to withdraw from China ( with the exclusion of Manchukuo ) and Indochina, United States, Great Britain and Netherlands imposed, on July 22, 1941, an embargo on gasoline while shipments of scrap metal, steel and other materials had virtually ceased.

Practically, the colonisation of French Indochina, Dutch East Indies, British Malaya and Burma brought pressure from the colonisers for fixed boundaries to their possessions.

Negotiations with France shortly before World War II had shown that the French government was willing to make appropriate changes in the boundaries between Thailand and French Indochina.

As a result of the Geneva Conference on Indochina, Cambodia was able to bring about the withdrawal of the Viet Minh troops from its territory and to withstand any residual impingement upon its sovereignty by external powers.

Next came a North Vietnamese attempt to overrun the entire country in March – April 1970, to which U. S. and South Vietnamese forces responded by a limited ground incursion at the end of April ... The outcome in Indochina was not foreordained.

After the war, 200, 000 Chinese troops under General Lu Han were sent by Chiang Kai-shek to northern Indochina ( north of the 16th parallel ) to accept the surrender of Japanese occupying forces there, and remained in Indochina until 1946, when the French returned.

France left Indochina only to be replaced there by the United States, which would soon be engaged in the long Vietnam War.

A short portage railway, the Don Det – Don Khon narrow gauge railway, was built by the French while Laos was a part of French Indochina.

More recent uses include: by France during the First Indochina War ( 1946 – 1954 ), the Algerian War ( 1954 – 1962 ), the Portuguese Colonial War ( 1961 – 1974 ) and the Western Sahara War ( 1975 – 1991 ), The Six-Day War by Israel ( 1967 ), in Nigeria ( 1969 ), India and Pakistan ( 1965 and 1971 ), Turkey during the invasion of Cyprus ( 1974 ), by Morocco during the Western Sahara War ( 1975 – 1991 ), Iran ( 1980 – 88 ), Brazil ( 1972 ), Egypt ( 1973 ), Iraq ( 1980 – 88, 1991, 2003 – 2011 ), Angola ( 1993 ), Yugoslavia ( 1991-1996 ), and by Argentina ( 1982 ).

Among other activities, the OSS helped arm, train and supply resistance movements, including Mao Zedong's Red Army in China and the Viet Minh in French Indochina, in areas occupied by the Axis powers during World War II.

French sailors provided another major group of opium smokers, having contracted the habit in French Indochina, where the drug was promoted by the colonial government as a monopoly and source of revenue.

The hill tribe people in Indochina were " hunted incessantly and carried off as slaves by the Siamese ( Thai ), the Anamites ( Vietnamese ), and the Cambodians.

At the end of the Indochina War, investment by foreign businesses helped alleviate poor infrastructure and social problems.

Moreover, the Third Indochina War was also petering out, with Vietnam gradually retreating from Cambodia by 1989.

Destruction caused by the Second Indochina War from 1954 to 1975 seriously strained the economy.

In an interview by Democracy Nows Amy Goodman on October 16, 2007, Ono explained, " He was in French Indochina which is Vietnam actually ... in Saigon.

* The Indochina Communist party, led by Ho Chi Minh, combines with the Nationalist party to form the Viet Minh.

* May 27 – The territory of Kwang-Chou-Wan is leased by China to France, according to the Treaty of 12 April 1892, as the Territoire de Kouang-Tchéou-Wan, forming part of French Indochina.

* July 21 – First Indochina War: The Geneva Conference sends French forces to the south, and Vietnamese forces to the north, of a ceasefire line, and calls for elections to decide the government for all of Vietnam by July 1956.

Indonesia declared independence in 17 August 1945 and subsequently fought a bitter war against the returning Dutch ; the Philippines was granted independence by the United States in 1946 ; Burma secured their independence from Britain in 1948, and the French were driven from Indochina in 1954 after a bitterly fought war ( the Indochina War ) against the Vietnamese nationalists.

* Zhou, Daguan ( 2007 ) The customs of Cambodia, translated into English from the French version by Paul Pelliot of Zhou's Chinese original by J. Gilman d ' Arcy Paul, Phnom Penh: Indochina Books, prev publ.