Initially the countercurrent exchange mechanism and its properties were proposed in 1951 by professor Werner Kuhn and two of his former students who called the mechanism found in the Loop of Henle in mammalian kidneys a Countercurrent multiplier and confirmed by laboratory findings in 1958 by Professor Carl W. Gottschalk.

Initially this was held in secrecy and not publicised ; however, in November 2007, police confirmed they were investigating new scientific evidence.

Initially confirmed as manager for the 2007 – 08 season, he was forced to resign a week later after it was revealed that he had interviewed for the vacant managerial job at RC Lens only hours after his confirmation at Strasbourg.

Initially, Kernot and Evans made themselves unavailable for comment ; however, Evans subsequently confirmed the nature of their relationship.

Initially, there was great resistance, but after an ordeal had justified the king's demand and confirmed the " truth " of the Jewish faith, many Himyarites embraced Judaism.

Initially, the injury looked like a horrific break, however reports later confirmed that Bouma had suffered a dislocation, an injury which looked set to keep him out until October.

Initially, a serious car crash into power lines in the nearby area was reported to have caused the blackout, although it was later confirmed to be a major electrical fault.

Initially, many experts argued in favor of a hoax, but advanced testing from later decades confirmed that many of the Glozel artifacts were most likely of genuine antiquity.

Initially disciplinary problems was the explanation given by the Mexican federation for the separation, the federation later confirmed both players tested positive for performance enhancement drugs.

Initially, the song had no writers ' credit, but after Smith contacted Bredon, who confirmed her authorship, later pressings of ... In Concert gave the writing credit to Bredon.

Initially the White House reaction was that the bitter exchanges with Moscow over Cuba and the conflict in Laos had dampened prospects for a meeting.

Initially intimidated, he asks for time to reflect before answering and is given a stay of one day.

Initially, Raimi invited Scott Spiegel to co-write Army of Darkness because he had done a good job on Evil Dead II, but he was busy on rewrites for the Clint Eastwood film The Rookie.

Initially he was counting the tempo with a metronome and looking for records with the same tempo.

Initially, it was relatively unsuccessful, staying at the charts for only one week, but Haley soon scored a major worldwide hit with a cover version of Big Joe Turner's " Shake, Rattle and Roll ", which went on to sell a million copies and became the first ever rock ' n ' roll song to enter British singles charts in December 1954 and became a Gold Record.

Initially the frigate squadron was mistaken for French warships and chased away by Swiftsure, returning the following day once the error had been realised.

Initially designed to run on AT & T Hobbit-based hardware, BeOS was later modified to run on PowerPC-based processors: first Be's own systems, later Apple Inc .' s PowerPC Reference Platform and Common Hardware Reference Platform, with the hope that Apple would purchase or license BeOS as a replacement for its then aging Mac OS.

Initially a synonym for " Satanic metal ", black metal has often been met with hostility from mainstream culture, mainly due to the misanthropic and anti-Christian views of many artists.

Initially Barringer's ideas were not widely accepted, and even when the origin of Meteor Crater was finally acknowledged, the wider implications for impact cratering as a significant geological process on Earth were not.

Initially it was a supporting material publication for White Bear and Red Moon but for its 11th issue, in 1981, it had become the official RuneQuest magazine.

Initially they used and re-used wooden tablets with prepared ground for these drawings.

Initially, Brick and Click companies were skeptical whether or not to add an online e-commerce channel for fear that selling their products might produce channel conflict with their off-line retailers, agents, or their own stores.

Initially developed ( though not publicly released ) on the Atari ST, the first commercial release was for the 16-bit Microsoft MS-DOS platform and was proprietary.

Initially he trained for a career in music and became so proficient on the tuba that he won a musical scholarship to the New York Military Academy.

Initially, their proof was not accepted by all mathematicians because the computer-assisted proof was infeasible for a human to check by hand.

Initially in medieval Latin European documents, a land grant in exchange for service was called a beneficium ( Latin ).

Initially, the highest quality signal was reserved for military use, and the signal available for civilian use was intentionally degraded ( Selective Availability ).

Initially at, the Great Pyramid was the tallest man-made structure in the world for over 3, 800 years.

Initially, he was criticized for having failed to activate his aircraft ’ s self-destruct charge to destroy the camera, photographic film, and related classified parts of his aircraft before his capture.

Initially, however, Telemann encountered a number of problems: some church officials found opera and collegium musicum performances to be objectionable ( for " inciting lasciviousness "), and the city printer was displeased with Telemann publishing printed texts for his yearly Passions.

Initially the components required for kernel and development were written: editors, shell, compiler and all the others.

Initially used mainly for war services, this new class of people would form the basis for the later knights, another basis of imperial power.

Initially, a newspaper page included only a single daily strip, usually either at the top or the bottom of the page.

Initially Eisenhower planned on serving only one term, but as with other decisions he maintained a position of maximum flexibility in case leading Republicans wanted him to run again.

Initially the only calling points would be Rotterdam on the way to Amsterdam, and Cologne on the way to Frankfurt.

Initially, the President was merely a symbolic figure with the Reichstag dominant ; however, persistent political instability, in which governments often lasted only a few months, led to a change in the power structure of the republic, with the president's emergency powers called increasingly into use to prop up governments challenged by critical or even hostile Reichstag votes.

Initially a musician who achieved artistic and commercial success in the 1970s and 1980s, he has been called " the Netherlands ' greatest and only rock ' n ' roll star ," later in life he became a well-known painter.

Initially the collection included only 100 pieces, the rest of the royal sculpture collection being at Versailles.

Initially, civil aviation schools within Germany were used, yet only light trainers could be used in order to maintain the façade that the trainees were going to fly with civil airlines such as Deutsche Luft Hansa.

Initially consisting only of males, it grew to include females after the Buddha's stepmother, Mahaprajapati, asked for and received permission to live as an ordained practitioner.

Initially, only Claris ' Spring Valley and Elliot's Splash Garden are available, and successful completion of one of these unlocks the next level in that child's path.

Initially the NeXT Computer was targeted at US higher education establishments only, with a base price of $ 6, 500.

Initially, the ( AES ) home system was only available for rent to commercial establishments, such as hotel chains, bars and restaurants, and other venues.

This is obtained as follows: Initially, the only matching clause-head for the query is the first one, so proving the query is equivalent to proving the body of that clause with the appropriate variable bindings in place, i. e., the conjunction.

Initially, PLCs had only discrete I / O.

Initially due to be released on only two mobile phones, the Samsung Nexus ( for which it was to be an embedded game ) and the LG VX360.

Initially, Descartes arrives at only a single principle: thought exists.

Initially, Filmation was only going to use the voices of William Shatner, Leonard Nimoy, DeForest Kelley, James Doohan and Majel Barrett.

Initially, only a handful of wounded people were found at the site, and in the weeks that followed it became evident that there weren't any survivors to be found.

Initially, this day was celebrated only in Salvador, but eventually it turned into a national holiday.

Initially, treatment is similar to that for patients with thermal burns, and continued care can only be supportive ( e. g. intravenous fluids and nasogastric or parenteral feeding ) and symptomatic ( e. g., analgesic mouth rinse for mouth ulcer ).

Initially signifying only a small coalition of Tiele tribes in Northern China, Mongolia, and the Altay Mountains, it later denoted citizenship in the Uyghur Khaganate.

Initially, only a few dozen students attended classes at the university.

Initially planned for 29 and then 12, only three were built at a cost of over $ 2. 5 billion each.

Initially extending the offer only to Buckingham, Fleetwood later included Nicks in the offer when Buckingham insisted that he and Nicks were " a package deal ".

Initially, the castle was reconstructed only to a height of two storeys.