In 1143, he wrote to Pope Innocent II to declare himself and the kingdom servants of the Church, swearing to pursue driving the Moors out of the Iberian Peninsula.

Pope Innocent IV then ordered Sancho II to be removed from the throne and be replaced by the Count of Boulogne.

After the council of Étampes, Bernard went to speak with the King of England, Henry I, Beauclerc, about the king's reservations regarding Pope Innocent II.

Beauclerc was sceptical because most the bishops of England supported Anacletus II ; he convinced him to support Innocent.

29 of the Second Lateran Council under Pope Innocent II in 1139 banned the use of crossbows against Christians.

Although Louis was a pious man, he soon came into a violent conflict with Pope Innocent II.

A lifelong fan of science fiction " B-movies ", Ackerman had cameos in over 210 films, including bit parts in many monster movies and science fiction films ( The Howling, Innocent Blood, Return of the Living Dead Part II ), more traditional " imagi-movies " The Time Travelers, Future War, spoofs and comedies ( Amazon Women on the Moon, Attack of the 60 Foot Centerfold, The Wizard of Speed and Time ), and at least one major music video ( Michael Jackson's Thriller ).

Pope Innocent III, who feared the threat posed by a union of the Empire and Sicily, now supported Sicily's king Frederick II, who marched to Germany and defeated Otto.

Pope Innocent III initially had supported the Welfs, but when Otto, now sole elected monarch, moved to appropriate Sicily, Innocent changed sides and accepted young Frederick II and his ally, King Philip II of France, who defeated Otto at the 1214 Battle of Bouvines.

* 1212 – Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa: after Pope Innocent III calls European knights to a crusade, forces of Kings Alfonso VIII of Castile, Sancho VII of Navarre, Peter II of Aragon and Afonso II of Portugal defeat those of the Berber Muslim leader Almohad, thus marking a significant turning point in the Reconquista and in the medieval history of Spain.

Some contemporary chroniclers suggested that in January Philip II of France had been charged with deposing John on behalf of the papacy, although it appears that Innocent merely prepared secret letters in case Innocent needed to claim the credit if Philip did successfully invade England.

He had taken part in the double papal election of 1130, had been one of the most determined opponents of Antipope Anacletus II and, when Pope Innocent II fled to France, had been left behind as his vicar in Italy.

With his death in 1130, the Church was again thrown into confusion with the election of two rival popes, Innocent II and the antipope Anacletus II.

The next day, and contrary to the usual customs, Honorius was quickly buried without any pomp or ceremony in the monastery, as the hand-picked cardinals got around to electing Gregorio Papareschi, who took the name Pope Innocent II.

Honorius eventually transferred from the monastery to the Lateran for reburial once Innocent II had been elected.

In 1197 he became tutor of the future Holy Roman Emperor Frederick II, who had been given as ward to Pope Innocent III by the Empress-widow Constance of Sicily.

After the death of Pope Innocent IX ( 1591 ), another stormy conclave ensued, where a determined minority of Italian Cardinals were unwilling to be dictated to by Philip II of Spain.

In the double papal election of 1130 he joined the obedience of Pope Innocent II.

He was appointed grand penitentiary shortly after election of Pope Innocent VI in December 1352 and given the epithet " Angel of Peace ", a title which quickly became a sad misnomer as his future actions in the Papal States would drench the Italian countryside in blood from the River Po until the Garigliano.

They were able to come quickly, and Innocent could rely on their help.

While Haakon had been unsuccessful in gaining the recognition of Pope Gregory IX, he quickly gained the support from Pope Innocent IV who sought alliances in his struggle with Holy Roman Emperor Frederick II.

* 1965 – Nostra Aetate, the " Declaration on the Relation of the Church with Non-Christian Religions " of the Second Vatican Council, is promulgated by Pope Paul VI ; it absolves the Jews of responsibility for the death of Jesus, reversing Innocent III's 760 year-old declaration.

By the Second Lateran council of 1139, at which King Roger II of Sicily, Innocent II's most uncompromising foe, was excommunicated, peace was at last restored to the Church.

Baldacci has gone on to publish more than twenty further novels: Total Control, The Winner, The Simple Truth, Saving Faith, Wish You Well, Last Man Standing, The Christmas Train, Split Second, Hour Game, The Camel Club, The Collectors, Simple Genius, Stone Cold, The Whole Truth, Divine Justice, True Blue, Deliver Us From Evil, Hell's Corner, The Sixth Man, One Summer, Zero Day and The Innocent, as well as two young adult novels in the Freddy and the French Fries series.

# Preservation of the Greek Empire – Numbers, Passage, and Events of the Second and Third Crusades – St. Bernard – Reign of Saladin in Egypt and Syria – His Conquest of Jerusalem – Naval Crusades – Richard the First of England – Pope Innocent the Third ; and the Fourth and Fifth Crusades – The Emperor Frederick the Second – Louis the Ninth of France ; and the Last Two Crusades – Expulsion of the Franks by the Mamelukes

In 1215, the bishops of the Catholic Church met at the Fourth Council of the Lateran under Pope Innocent III.

The Fourth Council of the Lateran was convoked by Pope Innocent III with the papal bull of April 19, 1213, and the Council gathered at Rome's Lateran Palace beginning November 11, 1215.

Pope Innocent was central in supporting the Catholic Church's reforms of ecclesiastical affairs through his decretals and the Fourth Lateran Council.

Pope Innocent III ’ s increased involvement in Imperial elections took historically documented form when he called the Fourth Lateran Council in 1215 during which time he beckoned about 1200 bishops, abbots and nobles from around Europe to assist in either tweaking current laws or creating new ones to further influence the masses in supporting the Pope as the universal authority of the Empire.

On 15 November 1215 Innocent opened the Fourth Lateran Council, considered the most important church council of the Middle Ages.

At the Fourth Lateran Council, Innocent III and his prelates legislated against subordination of Christians to Jews.

* Adrian Fletcher ’ s Paradoxplace – Portrait ( Subiaco ) and Tomb ( Lateran ) of Innocent III

The Fourth Council of the Lateran, held under Pope Innocent III, decreed ( canon xv ): " We interdict hunting or hawking to all clerics ".

As St. Peter's Basilica was closed to them, Innocent instead crowned Lothair as emperor in the Lateran on June 4, 1133.

At the Fourth Council of the Lateran in 1215 Pope Innocent III prohibited trial by ordeal and forbade ecclesiastics from taking part in it.

At the Fourth Council of the Lateran ( 1215 ), Pope Innocent III explicitly prohibited the eating of these geese during Lent, arguing that despite their unusual reproduction, they lived and fed like ducks and so were of the same nature as other birds.

Some of the most pertinent Roman Catholic expressions of this doctrine are: the profession of faith of Pope Innocent III ( 1208 ), the profession of faith of the Fourth Lateran Council ( 1215 ), the bull Unam sanctam of Pope Boniface VIII ( 1302 ), and the profession of faith of the Council of Florence ( 1442 ).

Thus, in the decree on faith which Innocent III published with the synod of the Lateran IV, these things are written: ' There is one universal Church of the faithful outside of which no one at all is saved.

Priestly cooperation in trials by fire and water was forbidden by Pope Innocent III at the Fourth Lateran Council of 1215 and replaced by compurgation, later by inquisition.

In 1215 Pope Innocent III summoned the Fourth Lateran Council, where, along with the Latin Patriarch of Jerusalem, Raoul of Merencourt, he discussed the recovery of the Holy Land, among other church business.

; 1215: Fourth Lateran Council headed by Pope Innocent III declares: " Jews and Saracens of both sexes in every Christian province and at all times shall be marked off in the eyes of the public from other peoples through the character of their dress.

In the same year, the year of the Fourth Lateran Council, Dominic and Foulques went to Rome to secure the approval of the Pope, Innocent III.

Around 1216, an unknown writer formed the " Compilatio quarta ", the fourth collection, containing the decretals of the pontificate of Innocent III which are of a later date than 7 January, 1210 and the canons of the Fourth Lateran Council held in 1215.

The Lateran Registers record the name tempore Pope Innocent VIII as Bottoniam ( 7 March 1489 ) and Buttumam ( 3 June 1492 ); and tempore Pope Alexander VI in various forms: as " Bothaniam " ( 14 February 1499 ), " Betomam " ( 12 March 1499 ), and " Buttomam " ( 15 January 1500 ).

Innocent III had in the preceding year caused the Fourth Council of the Lateran to pass the law enforcing the Badge upon the Jews ; and in 1218 Stephen Langton, Archbishop of Canterbury, brought it into operation in England, the badge taking the form of an oblong white patch of two finger-lengths by four.