Following many other discoveries and publications, in 1691, Malpighi was uprooted from his beloved home in Bologna and summoned to Rome by Pope Innocent XII as papal physician, which position he held until his death three years later.

In 1691 Pope Innocent XII invited him to Rome as Papal physician.

* 1697 – Pope Innocent XII founds the city of Cervia.

Pope Innocent XII appointed a commission of cardinals to investigate the accusations-apparently violating the exemption granted in 1520.

Pope Innocent XII ( 13 March 1615 – 27 September 1700 ), born Antonio Pignatelli del Rastrello, was Pope of the Roman Catholic Church from 1691 to 1700.

Immediately after his election on 12 July 1691, Innocent XII declared his opposition to the nepotism which had afflicted the reigns of previous popes.

Innocent XII said that " the poor were his nephews ", comparing his public beneficence to the nepotism of many predecessors.

Innocent XII also introduced various reforms into the States of the Church including the Forum Innocentianum, designed to improve the administration of justice dispensed by the Church.

Pope Innocent XII died on 27 September 1700 and was succeeded by Pope Clement XI ( 1700 – 1721 ).

Innocent XII was the last pope to have a beard in the modern era.

* Cardinals created by Innocent XII

fr: Innocent XII

sw: Papa Innocent XII

simple: Pope Innocent XII

Thenceforward, all popes were bearded until the death of Pope Innocent XII in 1700.

** Pope Innocent XII becomes the 242nd pope, succeeding Pope Alexander VIII.

* March 13 – Pope Innocent XII ( d. 1700 )

To the north and south of the rock of the Doms, partly on the site of the Bishop's Palace, which had been enlarged by John XXII, was built the Palace of the Popes, in the form of an imposing fortress consisting of towers, linked to each other, and named as follows: De la Campane, de Trouillas, de la Glacière, de Saint-Jean, des Saints-Anges ( Benedict XII ), de la Gâche, de la Garde-Robe ( Clement VI ), de Saint-Laurent ( Innocent VI ).

But Pope Innocent XII abolished nepotism and the office of Legate in Avignon on 7 February 1693, handing over its temporal government in 1692 to the Congregation of Avignon ( i. e. a department of the papal Curia, residing at Rome ), with the Cardinal Secretary of State as presiding prefect, and exercising its jurisdiction through the vice-legate.

* November 23 – Pope Clement XI succeeds Pope Innocent XII as the 243rd pope.

* September 27 – Pope Innocent XII ( b. 1615 )

* November 30 – Pope Gregory XII succeeds Pope Innocent VII as the 205th pope.

Two years later, on November 20, 1698, Pope Innocent XII issued a brief which definitely ended the controversy on pain of excommunication, and placed all writings in violation of the brief on the Index Librorum Prohibitorum.

Innocent XII selected 23 specific passages for condemnation.

Some contemporary chroniclers suggested that in January Philip II of France had been charged with deposing John on behalf of the papacy, although it appears that Innocent merely prepared secret letters in case Innocent needed to claim the credit if Philip did successfully invade England.

John paid some of the compensation money he had promised the church, but he ceased making payments in late 1214, leaving two-thirds of the sum unpaid ; Innocent appears to have conveniently forgotten this debt for the good of the wider relationship.

John appears to have been playing for time until Pope Innocent III could send letters giving him explicit papal support.

Its use specifically for the Pope appears in the 13th century in connection with the reforms of Pope Innocent III, as can be observed already in his 1199 letter to Leo I, King of Armenia.

He also appears to assume that the usages mentioned in the Letter of St. Innocent I to Decentius of Eugubium as differing from those of Rome were necessarily common to Milan and Gubbio.

* Blake appears as a character in the 1990 novel by Ian McEwan, The Innocent.

" Gabriel " also appears on CD1 ( as well as on the Cosmic Debris collection ) and is considered to be quite a retro-sounding Ash track, reminiscent of " Innocent Smile " on 1977.

Landis created several characters with similarities to King Kong in his films ( including Schlock – the title hero ; in Kentucky Fried Movie – animal showing during TV's show ; in An American Werewolf in London in ZOO ; in Trading Places in the train during New Year's Eve ) or inserted images of gorillas in his films as part of production designs: in The Blues Brothers on promotional poster of fictional movie called See You Next Wednesday ( the same situation in The Stupids ) and on the poster in Three Amigos ( shows as one of advertisement of Goldsmith Studios ), in Innocent Blood we may see a monkey from the movie playing on television ; in Blues Brothers 2000 it appears as a huge gorilla's figure in Queen Mousette's House.

* Presumed Guilty Until Proven Innocent: Using Results of Statistical or Econometric Studies as Evidence, which appears in 10 ST. THOMAS L. REV.

He accompanied the saint to Rome when the first Rule was approved orally by Pope Innocent III, and appears to have then received the monastic tonsure.

According to Hosea Ballou, then Pierre Batiffol ( 1911 ) and George T. Knight ( 1914 ) Amalric was a believer that all people would eventually be saved and this was one of the counts upon which he was declared a heretic by Pope Innocent III.

Andrew of Longjumeau led one of four missions dispatched to the Mongols by Pope Innocent IV.

* 1484 – Pope Innocent VIII issues the Summis desiderantes, a papal bull that deputizes Heinrich Kramer and James Sprenger as inquisitors to root out alleged witchcraft in Germany and leads to one of the most oppressive witch hunts in European history.

A lifelong fan of science fiction " B-movies ", Ackerman had cameos in over 210 films, including bit parts in many monster movies and science fiction films ( The Howling, Innocent Blood, Return of the Living Dead Part II ), more traditional " imagi-movies " The Time Travelers, Future War, spoofs and comedies ( Amazon Women on the Moon, Attack of the 60 Foot Centerfold, The Wizard of Speed and Time ), and at least one major music video ( Michael Jackson's Thriller ).

In 1245 Pope Innocent IV allotted two thirds of conquered Courland to the Livonian Order, and one third to the Bishopric of Courland.

The papacy meanwhile, under Innocent III, determined to prevent the continued unification of Sicily and the Holy Roman Empire under one monarch seized the opportunity to extend its influence.

He had taken part in the double papal election of 1130, had been one of the most determined opponents of Antipope Anacletus II and, when Pope Innocent II fled to France, had been left behind as his vicar in Italy.

Among Innocent I's letters is one to Jerome and another to John II, Bishop of Jerusalem, regarding annoyances to which the former had been subjected by the Pelagians at Bethlehem.

Pope Innocent II ( died 24 September 1143 ), born Gregorio Papareschi, was pope from 1130 to 1143, and was probably one of the clergy in personal attendance on the antipope Clement III ( Guibert of Ravenna ).

Pope Innocent was one of the most powerful and influential popes in the history of the papacy.

Pope Innocent was determined to prevent the continued unification of Sicily and the Holy Roman Empire under one monarch and seized the opportunity to extend his influence.

His great-nephew Giovanni Antonio Cardinal Facchinetti de Nuce, juniore, was one of two Cardinals appointed during the weeks of Innocent IX's pontificate.

Waits found himself in a situation similar to his earlier one with Frito Lay in 2000 when Audi approached him, asking to use " Innocent When You Dream " ( from Franks Wild Years ) for a commercial broadcast in Spain.

* January 30 – Pope Clement VIII ( born Ippolito Aldobrandini ) succeeds Pope Innocent IX, who died one month earlier, as the 231st pope.

* The church of Sant ' Andrea al Quirinale was designed by Gian Lorenzo Bernini ( 1658 – 1671 ), for Cardinal Camillo Pamphilii ( nephew of Pope Innocent X ); it is one of the most elegant samples of baroque architecture in Rome, with its splendid interior of marble, stuccoes, and gilded decorations.

Roger offered to give Apulia as a fief of the Empire to one of his sons and give another son as a hostage — terms which Lothair refused after being pressured by Innocent.

The German princes, supported by Innocent III, again elected Frederick king of Germany in 1215, and he was crowned king in Aachen on 23 July 1215 by one of the three German archbishops.

The Anglo-Irish painter Francis Bacon found Velázquez's portrait of Pope Innocent X to be one of the greatest portraits ever made.

In 1250, he travelled to the papal court where one of the cardinals read his complaints at an audience with Innocent IV.

The Wild, the Innocent & the E Street Shuffle is the second album by Bruce Springsteen and the as-yet-unnamed E Street Band, and is described by Allmusic as " one of the greatest albums in the history of rock & roll.

In 1243 the Tuscan hermits petitioned Pope Innocent IV to unite them all as one group.

The son of Nigel Theobald, Sudbury ( as he later became known ) was born at Sudbury in Suffolk, studied at the University of Paris, and became one of the chaplains of Pope Innocent VI, one of the Avignon popes, who in 1356 sent him on a mission to Edward III of England.

While in that city the bishop was named as one of the guarantors of a new financial arrangement between the king and the pope dealing with feudal payments from England, which lowered the lump sum that had to be paid before Innocent would lift the interdict.