Instead, if firms have different cost structures then each will have different maximizing behaviour, so they will have an incentive to set a different price or quantity.

Instead of the government taking all agricultural surpluses with no compensation, the farmers now had the option to sell their surplus yields, and therefore had an incentive to produce more grain.

Instead, it aims to reduce the number of viable pathogens so they are unlikely to cause disease ( assuming the pasteurized product is stored as indicated and is consumed before its expiration date ).

Instead, two circuits in a phantom configuration can be used to greatly reduce the inductance being inserted by the loading coils, and hence the loading effect.

Instead, the Eastern Church has emphasized the role of the Holy Spirit in the Christian's life and has maintained ascetic disciplines such as fasting and prayer ( the minimum fast obligatory on Orthodox faithful is two days weekly ), not as a way to make satisfaction for past sins or to build up merit, but as a means of spiritual discipline to help reduce one's susceptibility to temptation in the future to exercise self control, and to avoid being enslaved to one's passions and desires.

Instead, the episodes focus on Satan's efforts to reduce overcrowding in Hell.

Instead of the traditional solution of making the " pipe " large enough to accommodate the total demand for peak-hour vehicle travel ( a supply-side solution ), either by widening roadways or increasing " flow pressure " via automated highway systems, Downs advocates greater use of road pricing to reduce congestion ( a demand-side solution, effectively rationing demand ), in turn plowing the revenues generated therefrom into public transportation projects.

Instead, table limits exist to reduce the variance for the casino.

Instead of precious metal-containing NOx adsorbers, most manufacturers selected base-metal SCR systems that use a reagent such as ammonia to reduce the NO < sub > x </ sub > into nitrogen.

Instead, engineers use a series of measurements to analyze various types of degradation that can reduce fidelity.

Instead, the calculation of relative degree of interference from the concentration of interfering ions can only be used as a guide to determine whether the approximate extent of the interference will allow reliable measurements, or whether the experiment will need to be redesigned so as to reduce the effect of interfering ions.

Instead, the presence of the crack merely serves to reduce the load-bearing area.

Instead of oxygen, they reduce dissolved sulfate and excrete hydrogen sulfide, which is toxic to animals other than certain chemosynthetic bacteria.

Instead of Milky Way and similar foods ( e. g. the Cadbury Fudge ) being snack foods that won't prevent one from eating normal meals, modern marketing positions these snacks as ones that will reduce hunger at mealtimes and curb the appetite in-between.

Instead of importing Chinese labor, the United States imports goods that were produced with Chinese labor.

Instead, punishments were commonly monetary fines, periods of forced hard labor for convicts, and the penalty of death by beheading.

Instead of gang labor, freedpeople preferred family-based labor groups.

Instead, he found that it exported products that used more labor than the products it imported.

Instead of allowing the labor markets to work, the National Wage Council pre-emptively agreed to Central Provident Fund cuts to lower labor costs, with limited impact on disposable income and local demand.

Instead the US Progressive Era led to a breakup of the trusts, notably the application of the Sherman Antitrust Act to Standard Oil in 1911 ; at the same time, reforms such as labor unions rights passed during the Progressive Era with further reforms during the New Deal of the 1930s.

Instead of investing huge amounts of money on the mass production of a single product, firms now needed to build intelligent systems of labor and machines that were flexible and could quickly respond to the whims of the market.

Instead the state labor commissioner met with picketers during the second week of the strike and brought about a reduction in tensions by urging strikers to respect the law and not hurl epithets at strikebreakers.

Instead, the value of equipment and materials being used in production is conserved and transferred to the new product by living labor.

Instead of management having to coerce labor to work harder, labor volunteers to complete the project on-time.

* For Moore, the influence of the bourgeoisie in Japan was significantly more limited than in England, France, and the U. S. Instead of the capitalist accumulation through the " bourgeois impulse " as it did in those three cases, Japan's late transition to industrial modernity was induced through " labor repressive " agriculture-squeezing the peasantry to generate the necessary capital for modernization.

Instead, the administration attempted to avoid inflationary pressures through creation of a Wage Stabilization Board that sought to keep down the inflation of consumer prices and wages while avoiding labor disputes whenever possible.

" Instead of being a source of direct labor for Jefferson, she works as a laundresses and exchanges her income for a " pseudo-freedom " for her and her daughters.

Instead, the multilateral enforcement model requires that signatories to agreements like the NAALC make firm commitments to existing labor standard structures within their respective domestic spheres.

Instead, Wright proposed that, through a system of unified labor, the slaves would buy their freedom and then be transported to the independent settlements of Liberia and Haiti.

Instead of experimental " labor notes " or similar, the use of current money for " equitable commerce " by a price-of-cost network would start to change the market itself: an open universalistic utopia instead of isolated, little, weak, elite utopias with limited synergy.

Instead the land was worked by the owner and his family, slaves, and those he paid for labor.

Instead, India launched EDUSAT, an education satellite that can reach more of the country at a greatly reduced cost.

Instead, minimize total cost.

" Instead, it is hoped that a community center can be built at no cost to taxpayers alongside the retail and commercial space.

Instead Mercedes Benz decided to recoup its development cost by selling the car as a road going sports-sedan.

Instead, his fellow miners and the neighbourhood raise some money, and Jackie sells Billy's mum's jewelry to cover the cost and Jackie takes him to London to audition for the Royal Ballet School.

Instead the cost rose dramatically, from £ 9 billion in 1948 ( accounting for inflation ) to £ 106 billion in 2011, and charges ( for dentures, spectacles and prescriptions ) were introduced in 1951 ( by the same Labour government that had founded the NHS three years earlier ).

Instead of using circles, irregularly shaped price boundaries can be drawn that reflect geography, population density, transportation infrastructure, and shipping cost.

Instead, they claim a best cost strategy is preferred.

Instead, it is frequently bundled it with other features or more expensive trims, so the cost of a package that includes ESC could be several thousand dollars.

* Coinsurance: Instead of, or in addition to, paying a fixed amount up front ( a co-payment ), the co-insurance is a percentage of the total cost that insured person may also pay.

Instead it allows employees and their dependents to maintain coverage at their own expense by paying the full cost of the premium the employer and the employee previously paid, plus up to a 2 % administrative charge ( 50 % for the latter 11 months under the disability extension ).

Instead they sign a contract in April stating that they will keep only a certain percentage of the YSP and the rest will go toward the borrowers closing cost.

Instead of the 30 million lire a month judged sufficient at its beginning, it reached a cost of 80 million a month for a much longer period than was originally estimated.

Instead, they covered 50 % of the cost of the new span, while New Jersey and Pennsylvania paid the remaining 50 % of the total bill, as with an ordinary U. S. Highway route.

Instead of one member deciding what everyone will read, with all the cost implications of acquiring that title, these clubs usually involve circulating books they already own.

Instead, some operators provide SMS based balance and call cost notifications subscribers at the end of a call.

Instead of replacing the bridge, in 2007 the NJDOT decided to rehabilitate it at a lower cost.

Instead, the dussack resembled the großes Messer or " great knife ", a weapon found more often amongst the common people than longswords, the cost of which allowed only relatively wealthy individuals to purchase them.

Instead, White often allows Black to regain the pawn at the cost of lagging development.

Instead, skill cost is based on its utility in a given setting.

Instead of picking the wavelengths in terms of the minimum cost, the wavelengths are selected in order according to their index.

Instead of using a pre-determined rate based on estimates, why not base the overhead rate on the actual total manufacturing overhead cost and the actual total amount of the activity base incurred on a monthly, quarterly, or annual basis?

Instead of widening the existing structure, Transport Minister Eric Charlton on 15 July 1998 approved the construction of a separate second road bridge alongside the original Narrows Bridge ; this solution would cost $ 15 million less, due to new building techniques, and would be less disruptive to traffic on the existing bridge.