Instead of comparing a wavefront with a reference wavefront, lateral shearing interferometry interferes a wavefront with a shifted version of itself.

Instead, Gao Jiong, comparing Consort Zhang to Daji ( the wicked wife of King Zhou of Shang ), beheaded her.

Instead, McLachlin took the middle ground by requiring " that an original work be the product of an exercise of skill and judgment " where " skill " is " the use of one's knowledge, developed aptitude or practised ability in producing the work " and " judgment " is " the use of one's capacity for discernment or ability to form an opinion or evaluation by comparing different possible options in producing the work ".

Instead, the rifle builder will braze a " temporary " metal wedge between the two muzzles, fire each barrel at a target at a specified distance, then note the point of impact of each projectile on the target, comparing where the projectile fired from the first barrel strikes in relationship to the projectile fired from the second barrel.

Instead of data, the craft emits a carrier signal on a predetermined frequency.

Instead of abandoning the magnetron due to its frequency instability, they sampled the output signal and synchronized their receiver to whatever frequency was actually being generated.

Instead, it is first down converted to the lower frequency of 630 kHz, and the complex nature of the PAL sub carrier means that the down conversion must be done via heterodyning to ensure that information is not lost.

Instead of the frequency, these forks are labeled with the calibration speed and radar band ( e. g. X-Band or K-Band ) for which they are calibrated.

Instead of turning the arc on and off, the key slightly changed the transmitter frequency in a technique known as the compensation-wave method.

Instead, 10BROAD36 modulated its data onto a higher carrier frequency signal, much as an audio signal would modulate a carrier wave to be transmitted in a radio station.

Instead he turned to a field that was being largely ignored, that of medium frequency ( hectometre ) radio signals in the 0. 5 — 3 MHz range, around the AM broadcast bands.

Instead of frequency response, system performance may be specified in terms of parameters describing time-dependence of response.

Instead, in quantum theory the occupation numbers of the modes are quantized, cutting off the spectrum at high frequency in agreement with experiment and resolving the catastrophe.

Instead, the film is advanced frame by frame, each frame standing still in front of the lens for 1 / 24 of a second ( and being exposed twice in that time, resulting in a frequency of 48 Hz ).

Instead, if train # 11 arrives into Los Angeles prior to the final Surfliner departure, through passengers to Orange County and San Diego will take the connecting Surfliner train, otherwise passengers will be provided motor coach transportation to destinations south of Los Angeles ( the motor coach option typically occurs with greater frequency than the train ).

Instead of a simple wide-range rumble that could be felt and heard, Mod-III used more narrow band extended low frequency effects in the 16 – 25 Hz range, in addition to the higher frequency program sounds and surround-sound effect.

Instead, the normalizing frequency could be the nyquist frequency, which puts a valid signal on cycles per sample.

Instead, the CBC was awarded 99. 1 to move its existing Radio One station, CBLA, from the AM band — and, ominously, this was believed at the time to be the last available FM frequency in the city.

Instead, word learning can be accounted for through general learning mechanisms such as salience, association, and frequency.

Instead, Graham Bell's system, developed at his Volta Laboratory in Washington, D. C., involved the use of a spectrograph, a device that makes " visible records of the frequency, intensity, and time analysis of short samples of speech ".

Instead, an electric field oscillating at radio frequency ( RF ) is applied, forming a potential with the shape of a saddle spinning at the RF frequency.

Instead, it is perceived as a periodic variation of the sine in the expression above ( it can be said, the cosine factor is an envelope for the sine wave ), whose frequency is ( f < sub > 1 </ sub > + f < sub > 2 </ sub >)/ 2, that is, the average of the two frequencies.

Instead of outputting a constant voltage modified by a resistance factor, this type of MAF outputs a frequency which must then be interpreted by the ECU.

Instead of measuring the waveform's frequency, the machine receiving the signal merely has to count the number of pulses to work out when to increment its position in the music.

Instead of turning on the receive audio for any signal, the audio turns on only in the presence of the correct selective calling code.

Instead of being incorporated into a full-range system, concert subwoofers can be supplied with their own signal from a separate mix bus on the mixing console ; often one of the auxiliary sends (" aux " or " auxes ") is used.

Instead of a single signal, the VOR transmitter sends out three signals-one is a simple voice channel that sends morse code to identify the station, another is a continuous signal sent in all directions, and the last is a signal that is rotated at 30 RPM.

Instead of using a greater number of bits and attempting to record a signal's precise amplitude for every sample cycle, a Direct Stream Digital recorder works by encoding a signal in a series of PWM pulses of fixed amplitude but variable duration and timing.

Instead, they may convert the signal into the release of a neurotransmitter, or into continuous graded potentials, either of which may stimulate subsequent neuron ( s ) into firing an action potential.

Instead, by combining with a base character, they signal the two character sequence selects a variation ( typically in terms of grapheme, but also in terms of underlying meaning as in the case of a location name or other proper noun ) of the base character.

Instead it overran the signal and collided at a speed of between 15 and 20 mph ( 24 to 32 km / h ) with the empty stock which had formed the 08: 20 from Brighton.

Instead of a " turn left " signal that is applied until the aircraft is flying in the right direction, the system sends a single instruction that says " fly to this point ".

Instead, two stations were synchronized by using one of the two station's signal as the trigger for the second.

Instead, the 1-bit signal is recorded directly and in theory only requires a lowpass filter to reconstruct the original analog waveform.

Instead of abruptly clipping off the signal at cut-off and saturation levels, the signal is rounded off more smoothly.

Instead, it ran past the signal ; the points settings beyond this brought it in under 600 metres onto the Up Main Line ; at about 8: 09 as it was entering this it collided nearly head-on and at a combined speed of about with the 06: 03 First Great Western train from Cheltenham to Paddington.

Instead the larger radar dish on the ground or launch aircraft will provide the needed signal and tracking logic, and the missile simply has to listen to the signal reflected from the target and point itself in the right direction.

Instead of refuelling and waiting for the wash of this run to completely subside, Campbell decided to make the return run immediately, to beat it before it had been reflected back onto the course.

Instead, the association that Kellermann found between gun ownership and victimization merely reflected the widely accepted notion that people who live in more dangerous circumstances are more likely to be murdered, but also were more likely to have acquired guns for self-protection prior to their death.

If the position and current of the wire are reflected across the dotted line, the magnetic field it generates would not be reflected: Instead, it would be reflected and reversed.

Instead, the player's movement is reflected in the animated character in the game.

Instead, the value of contributions is reflected in the capital accounts, which defers taxation until distributions are made to the contributing partner.

Instead the signal is reflected along multiple paths before finally being received.