Insulin is used by many diabetics.

Insulin glargine ( brandname: Lantus, made by Sanofi-Aventis ) is used.

Insulin, for example, is synthesized as preproinsulin and forms proinsulin after the signal peptide has been cleaved.

Insulin resistance ( IR ) is a physiological condition where cells are no longer able to respond to the normal actions of the hormone insulin.

Insulin itself leads to a kind of insulin resistance ; every time a cell is exposed to insulin, the production of GLUT4 ( type four glucose receptors ) on the cell's membrane decreases somewhat.

Insulin resistance is often found in people with visceral adiposity ( i. e., a high degree of fatty tissue within the abdomen – as distinct from subcutaneous adiposity or fat between the skin and the muscle wall, especially elsewhere on the body, such as hips or thighs ), hypertension, hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia involving elevated triglycerides, small dense low-density lipoprotein ( sdLDL ) particles, and decreased HDL cholesterol levels.

Insulin resistance is also often associated with a hypercoagulable state ( impaired fibrinolysis ) and increased inflammatory cytokine levels.

Insulin resistance is also occasionally found in patients who use insulin.

Insulin and 20 % glucose is then infused at rates of 32 and 267 mg / m < sup > 2 </ sup >/ min, respectively.

Insulin resistance is a major feature of Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 ( T2DM ), and central obesity is correlated with both insulin resistance and T2DM itself.

Insulin is prepared as two insulin molecules linked by a c-peptide.

Insulin is produced by the endocrine part of the pancreas ( i. e., beta cells ) and is the primary hormone controlling metabolism.

Insulin made by a person's own pancreas is endogenous insulin.

Insulin that is supplied from outside the body ( i. e., injected or otherwise supplied ) is exogenous.

Insulin is a hormone as are glucagon, adrenaline, and angiotensin II.

* Insulin receptors – Protein complexes on the surface of a cell that allows the cell to join or bind with insulin that is in the blood.

* Insulin resistance – a condition in which a cell is resistant to insulin action, usually as a result of Type 2 diabetes which is characterized by insulin resistance in about two-thirds of the body's cells ( those which require insulin in order to absorb glucose from the blood ).

Insulin shock may occur when an insulin reaction is not treated quickly enough.

Insulin, central to diabetes mellitus, is a protein and is a very small one.

* Insulin – a hormone produced by the beta cells in the Islet of Langerhans ' beta cells.

Insulin is a hormone which helps regulate glucose levels in the body.

Insulin is produced in the pancreas, one of whose many functions is the regulation of blood glucose levels.

Insulin, secreted by the beta cells of the pancreas, effectively transports glucose to the body's cells by instructing those cells to keep more of the glucose for their own use ( see Dynamic equilibrium ).

Insulin stops the use of fat as an energy source by inhibiting the release of glucagon.

For example: Insulin induced hypoglycemic convulsive reaction or the cardiac arrest caused by digitalis.

Insulin receptor substrates are molecules that function in signaling by regulating the effects of insulin.

*** LMNA mutations ( Familial Partial Lipodystrophy ) Insulin resistance may also be caused by the damage of liver cells having undergone a defect of insulin receptors in hepatocytes.

Insulin resistance has been proposed at a molecular level to be a reaction to excess nutrition by superoxide dismutase in cell mitochondria that acts as an antioxidant defense mechanism.

Insulin resistance has also been linked to PCOS (< u > p </ u > oly < u > c </ u > ystic < u > o </ u > vary < u > s </ u > yndrome ) as either causing it or being caused by it.

Insulin resistance is accompanied by skin changes such as acanthosis nigricans in the axilla and around the neck, as well as skin tags in the axilla.

* Insulin receptor, a transmembrane receptor that is activated by insulin

Insulin allows glucose to be taken up and used by insulin-dependent tissues.

Insulin is usually given subcutaneously, either by injections or by an insulin pump.

An inelastic good is one for which there are few or no substitutes, such as tickets to major sporting events, original works by famous artists, and prescription medicine such as Insulin.

The " substrate " proteins that are phosphorylated by the Insulin Receptor include a protein called " IRS-1 " for " insulin receptor substrate 1 ".

Insulin is released by beta ( β ) cells when blood levels of glucose ( and amino acids ) are rising.

* Insulin resistance: Laminitis can also be caused by insulin resistance in the horse.

* Insulin: activates beta cells and inhibits alpha cells

Insulin causes cells in the liver, skeletal muscles, and fat tissue to take up glucose from the blood.

Insulin resistance in muscle and fat cells reduces glucose uptake ( and also local storage of glucose as glycogen and triglycerides, respectively ), whereas insulin resistance in liver cells results in reduced glycogen synthesis and storage and a failure to suppress glucose production and release into the blood.

However, either their bodies do not produce enough insulin or their body cells are resistant to insulin ( see Insulin Resistance ).

Insulin biologically differentiates cancer cells from normal cells based on insulin receptor concentration.

Insulin can serve to distinguish and differentiate cancer cells from healthy cells in several ways.

Insulin activates a glucose transport protein within all cells – whether they be cancerous or healthy-which allows glucose, the energy source, to enter, thus lowering the blood glucose level.

Insulin, among other things, will then facilitate the uptake of glucose into cells via increased expression and translocation of glucose transporter GLUT-4.

Insulin controls how much glucose ( a type of sugar ) is passed from the blood into cells for conversion to energy.

* Insulin ( e. g. intravenous injection of 10-15 units of regular insulin along with 50 ml of 50 % dextrose to prevent hypoglycemia ) will lead to a shift of potassium ions into cells, secondary to increased activity of the sodium-potassium ATPase.