Integrins are of vital importance to all animals and have been found in all animals investigated, from sponges to mammals.

Integrins are obligate heterodimers containing two distinct chains, called the α ( alpha ) and β ( beta ) subunits.

Integrins are produced by a wide variety of cells ; they play a role in cell attachment to other cells and the extracellular matrix and in the transduction of signals from extracellular matrix components such as fibronectin and collagen.

Integrins are cell surface proteins that bind cells to ECM structures, such as fibronectin and laminin, and also to integrin proteins on the surface of other cells.

Integrins are not part of the basement lamina, they are part of desmisomes which are in the basement membrane but not the basement lamina.

The Integrins are a family of heterophilic CAMs that bind IgSF CAMs or the extracellular matrix.

Integrins are heterodimers which are formed from one beta and one alpha subunit.

Integrins also serve as receptors to trigger signal transduction cascades when binding to the ECM.

Integrins work alongside other proteins such as cadherins, immunoglobulin superfamily cell adhesion molecules, selectins and syndecans to mediate cell – cell and cell – matrix interaction and communication.

Integrins bind cell surface and ECM components such as fibronectin, vitronectin, collagen, and laminin.

* Some types of cell adhesion proteins or cell adhesion molecules ( CAMs ) such as Integrins, Cadherins, NCAMs, or Selectins.

Integrins bind to extra-cellular proteins via short amino acid sequences, such as the R-G-D sequence motif ( found in proteins such as fibronectin, laminin, or vitronectin ), or the DGEA and GFOGER motifs found in collagen.

Integrins bind extracellularly to fibronectin, laminin, or other ECM components, and intracellularly to microfilament-binding proteins α-actinin and talin to link the cytoskeleton with the outside.

Adenylate cyclases are often activated or inhibited by G proteins, which are coupled to membrane receptors and thus can respond to hormonal or other stimuli.

Typical antipsychotics are not particularly selective and also block dopamine receptors in the mesocortical pathway, tuberoinfundibular pathway, and the nigrostriatal pathway.

With repeated heavy consumption of alcohol, these receptors are desensitized and reduced in number, resulting in tolerance and physical dependence.

With repeated heavy consumption of alcohol, these receptors are desensitized and reduced in number, resulting in tolerance and physical dependence.

The members of this group are known as catnip or catmint because of their effect on cats — the nepetalactone contained in nepeta binds to the olfactory receptors of cats, typically resulting in temporary euphoria.

Cnidarians ' activities are coordinated by a decentralized nerve net and simple receptors.

If SR calcium stores become too high, some ions are released spontaneously through SR ryanodine receptors.

Effects of chemoattractants are elicited via described or hypothetic chemotaxis receptors, the chemoattractant moiety of a ligand is target cell specific and concentration dependent.

Chemical gradients are sensed through multiple transmembrane receptors, called methyl-accepting chemotaxis proteins ( MCPs ), which vary in the molecules that they detect.

The signals from these receptors are transmitted across the plasma membrane into the cytosol, where Che proteins are activated.

The main classes of chemotaxis receptors are triggered by formyl peptides-formyl peptide receptors ( FPR ), chemokines-chemokine receptors ( CCR or CXCR ) and leukotrienes-leukotriene receptors ( BLT ); however, induction of a wide set of membrane receptors ( e. g. amino acids, insulin, vasoactive peptides ) also elicit migration of the cell.

While some chemotaxis receptors are expressed in the surface membrane with long-term characteristics as they are determined genetically, others have short-term dynamics as they are assembled ad hoc in the presence of the ligand.

The characteristic chemoattractant effect of LTB4 is induced via G-protein linked seven-transmembrane spanning leukotriene receptors which are highly expressed in inflammation and allergy.

Among the neurotransmitter systems with enhanced functions are: GABA < sub > A </ sub >, glycine, serotonin, nicotinic acetylcholine receptors.

Although it is not known exactly how GC ’ s influence memory, there are Glucocorticoid receptors in the hippocampus and PFC that tell us these structures are targets for the circulating hormone.

They are principally sorting organelles where many ligands dissociate from their receptors in the acid pH of the lumen, and from which many of the receptors recycle to the cell surface ( via tubules ).

The gluon is a member of the family of gauge bosons, which are elementary particles that mediate physical forces.

Late endosomes are thought to mediate a final set of sorting events prior to delivery of material to lysosomes.

In technical terms, they are vector gauge bosons that mediate strong interactions of quarks in quantum chromodynamics ( QCD ).

They lay it down as a principle, that the immediate cause of the smallpox exists in the mortal part of every human and animal form ; that the mediate ( or second ) acting cause, which stirs up the first, and throws it into a state of fermentation, is multitudes of imperceptible animalculae floating in the atmosphere ; that these are the cause of all epidemical diseases, but more particularly of the small pox.

Because channels underlie the nerve impulse and because " transmitter-activated " channels mediate conduction across the synapses, channels are especially prominent components of the nervous system.

In most circumstances the mere fact that parties are willing to mediate means that they are ready to " move " their position.

It is also said that the quarks are held together by gluons, but this is just a different way to say the same thing ( gluons mediate the strong force ).

The rapid atomic mechanisms mediate the macroscopic changes that are of interest for thermodynamics and statistical thermodynamics, because they quickly bring the system near enough to thermodynamic equilibrium.

Portable interceptors are the " hooks ", used by CORBA and RMI-IIOP to mediate the most important functions of the CORBA system.

Compounding matters is that in the TOS episode " The Omega Glory ," Kirk states, " A star captain's most solemn oath is that he will give his life, even his entire crew, rather than violate the Prime Directive ," and yet he seemingly violates the Prime Directive as " the only way to save my ship " in " A Taste of Armageddon " and no explanation for the Federation Ambassador trying to mediate between Eminiar VII and Vendikar ( neither of which are Federation members ) regardless of their wishes on the matter is given.

rAAV vectors are increasingly utilized for their ability to mediate efficient transduction of retinal pigment epithelium ( RPE ), photoreceptor cells and retinal ganglion cells.

Porosomes are few nanometers in size and contain many different types of protein, especially chloride and calcium channels, actin, and SNARE proteins that mediate the docking and fusion of the vesicles with the cell membrane.

The role of local Islamic social structures, the nature of leadership and the relations between leaders and followers, the nature and sources of power and authority and the limits and constraints of the economy are all factors, which mediate and direct the impact of Islam on Politics.

Feminist economists say too many theories claim to present universal principles but actually present a masculine viewpoint in the guise of a " view from nowhere ," so more varied sources of data collection are needed to mediate those issues.

The force carrier particles that mediate the electromagnetic, strong, and weak interactions are called gauge bosons.

Human homologues of receptors that mediate pigment translocation in melanophores are thought to be involved in processes such as appetite suppression and tanning, making them attractive targets for drugs.

MHC molecules mediate interactions of leukocytes, also called white blood cells ( WBCs ), which are immune cells, with other leukocytes or body cells.

Within the jugular foramen, there are two glossopharyngeal ganglia that contain nerve cell bodies that mediate general, visceral, and special sensation.

From the nucleus solitarius, connections are made with several areas in the reticular formation and hypothalamus to mediate cardiovascular and respiratory reflex responses to changes in blood pressure, and serum concentrations of CO2 and O2.

Generally, vibrissae are considered to mediate a tactile sense, complementary to the tactile sense offered by skin.

Stress management was developed and premised on the idea that stress is not a direct response to a stressor but rather one's resources and ability to cope mediate the stress response and are amenable to change, thus allowing stress to be controllable.

The W and Z bosons are the elementary particles which mediate the weak interaction, while the photon mediates the electromagnetic interaction.

The plateau lasts on the order of 100 ms. At the time that calcium channels are getting activated, channels that mediate the transient outward potassium current open as well.