Feminist economists call attention to the social constructions of traditional economics, questioning the extent to which it is positive and objective, and showing how its models and methods are biased towards masculine preferences.

Feminist economists pushed for and produced gender aware theory and analysis, broadened the focus on economics and sought pluralism of methodology and research methods.

" Feminist economists call attention to the value judgements in all aspects economics and criticize its depiction an objective science.

Feminist economists may also consider the specific gendered effects of trade-decisions.

" Feminist economists often extend these criticisms to many aspects of the social world, arguing that power relations are an endemic and important feature of society.

Feminist economists argue that people are more complex than such models, and call for " a more holistic vision of an economic actor, which includes group interactions and actions motivated by factors other than greed.

Feminist economists also point out that agency is not available to everyone, such as children, the sick, and the frail elderly.

Feminist economists, argue on the contrary that a mathematical conception of economics limited to scarce resources is a holdover from the early years of science and Cartesian philosophy, and limits economic analysis.

Feminist economists suggest that both the content and teaching style of economics courses would benefit from certain changes.

" Feminist economists show that social constructs act to privilege male-identified, western, and heterosexual interpretations of economics.

Feminist economists often make a critical distinction that masculine bias in economics is primarily a result of gender, not sex.

Feminist economists say that mainstream economics has been disproportionately developed by European-descended, heterosexual, middle and upper-middle class men, and that this has led to suppression of the life experiences of the full diversity of the world's people, especially women, children and those in non-traditional families.

Feminist economists also examine early economic thinkers ' interaction or lack of interaction with gender and women's issues, showing examples of women's historical engagement with economic thought.

Feminist economists Amartya Sen and Martha Nussbaum created the human capabilities approach as an alternative way to assess economic success rooted in the ideas of welfare economics and focused on the individual's potential to do and be what he or she may choose to value.

Feminist economists modify these assumptions to account for exploitative sexual and gender relations, single-parent families, same-sex relationships, familial relations with children, and the consequences of reproduction.

Feminist economists join the UN and others in acknowledging care work, as a kind of work which includes all tasks involving caregiving, as central to economic development and human well-being.

Feminist economists study both paid and unpaid care work.

Feminist economists have argued that unpaid domestic work is as valuable as paid work, so measures of economic success should include unpaid work.

Feminist economists have also highlighted power and inequality issues within families and households.

Feminist economists seek to include the ramifications of this work in their data, analysis, and policy recommendations.

" Feminist economists have criticized the SNA for this exclusion, because by leaving out unpaid work, basic and necessary labor is ignored.

Feminist economists point out three main ways of determining the value of unpaid work: the opportunity cost method, replacement cost method, and input-output cost method.

Feminist economists such as Marilyn Power, Ellen Mutari and Deborah M. Figart have examined the gender pay gap and found that wage setting procedures are not primarily driven by market forces, but instead by the power of actors, cultural understandings of the value of work and what constitutes a proper living, and social gender norms.

Feminist economists ' work on globalization is diverse and multifaceted.

Feminist economists depart from traditional economics in that they say " ethical judgments are a valid, inescapable, and in fact desirable part of economic analysis.

Feminist scholars say that the objectification of women involves the act of disregarding the personal and intellectual abilities and capabilities of a female ; and reducing a woman's worth or role in society to that of an instrument for the sexual pleasure that she can produce in the mind of another.

Feminist historians say use of the term catfight to label female opponents goes back to 1940, when American newspapers characterized as a catfight a dispute between Clare Boothe Luce and journalist Dorothy Thompson over which candidate to support in the 1940 Presidential campaign.

Feminist pro-life groups say they are continuing the tradition of 19th century women's rights activists such as Susan B. Anthony, Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Matilda Joslyn Gage, Victoria Woodhull, Elizabeth Blackwell, and Alice Paul who considered abortion to be an evil forced upon women by men.

Feminist Susan Faludi writes of Ripley in Backlash that, " The tough-talking space engineer who saves an orphan child in Aliens is sympathetically portrayed, but her willfulness, too, is maternal ; she is protecting the child-who calls her ' Mommy ' - from female monsters.

In the book, Limbaugh also stated that the word refers to unspecified women whose goal is to allow as many abortions as possible, saying at one point that there were fewer than 25 " true feminazis " in the U. S. Limbaugh has used the term to refer to members of the National Center for Women and Policing, the Feminist Majority Foundation, the National Organization for Women, and other organizations at the March for Women's Lives, a large pro-choice demonstration.

Feminist economics also includes study of norms relevant to economics, challenging the traditional view that material incentives will reliably provide the goods we want and need ( consumer sovereignty ), which does not hold true for many people.

Feminist authors Christina Hoff Sommers and Naomi Wolf write that women's sexual liberation has led many women to a role reversal, whereby they view men as sex objects, in a manner similar to what they criticize men's treatment of women.

The collection includes many of de Lauretis's essays from 1985 – 2004 and is called Figures of Resistance: Essays in Feminist Theory.

Feminist activism not only focuses on women ’ s issues but has spread throughout many other movements including ( but not limited to ) environmental issues, body politics, feminist art, identity issues, reproductive rights, gender issues, animal rights, homosexual rights, and ethnic minority rights.

While many are simply referred to as " independent minyanim ," the term used by the Jewish Orthodox Feminist Alliance for those groups that consider themselves part of the Modern Orthodox community is " partnership minyan.

* Bibliography, Feminist Theory Website, by Kristin Switala et al., hosted at Center for Digital Discourse and Culture ( CDDC ), Virginia Tech University ( bibliography includes many articles )

Feminist leaders rooted in the second wave like Gloria Anzaldúa, bell hooks, Kerry Ann Kane, Cherríe Moraga, Audre Lorde, Maxine Hong Kingston, and many other feminists of color, sought to negotiate a space within feminist thought for consideration of subjects related to race.

Feminist philosophers also have many different viewpoints taken on philosophical issues within those traditions.

Feminist philosophers who are feminists can belong to many different varieties of feminism.

Feminist sexology shares many principles with the wider field of sexology ; in particular, it does not try to prescribe a certain path or “ normality ” for women's sexuality, but only observe and note the different and varied ways in which women express their sexuality.

Feminist theorist and author bell hooks believes that the beliefs of separatist feminists run counter to many of the original goals of feminism, and instead of seeking to create equality, attempt to establish a female-centric and female-dominated society in which men are subjugated and misandry is brought into the mainstream.

Grier republished many of the books in this span in the 1980s under Naiad, and Cleis Press and Feminist Press have again reissued them.

Two of these are considered classics: “ On the Origins of Social Movements ” and “ The Political Culture of the Democratic and Republican Parties .” Women: A Feminist Perspective went into five editions and for many years was the leading introductory women ’ s studies textbook.

She is best known for her work recuperating Seventies Feminist Art and has published extensively on many of the artists of that period, as well as on artists of her own generation.

* " The Traffic in Women: Notes on the ' Political Economy ' of Sex ", in Rayna Reiter, ed., Toward an Anthropology of Women, New York, Monthly Review Press ( 1975 ); also reprinted in Second Wave: A Feminist Reader and many other collections.

The work of the Feminist Taskforce covered ground that overlapped with many of the other campaigns, and the FTF housed both the Gay / Lesbian Working Group and the AIDS Working Group.