In the first ( 1961 ) edition, Esslin presented the four defining playwrights of the movement as Samuel Beckett, Arthur Adamov, Eugène Ionesco, and Jean Genet, and in subsequent editions he added a fifth playwright, Harold Pinter – although each of these writers has unique preoccupations and characteristics that go beyond the term " absurd.

The Alfred Jarry Theatre, founded by Antonin Artaud and Roger Vitrac, housed several Absurdist plays, including ones by Ionesco and Adamov.

In a 1966 interview, Claude Bonnefoy, comparing the Absurdists to Sartre and Camus, said to Ionesco, " It seems to me that Beckett, Adamov and yourself started out less from philosophical reflections or a return to classical sources, than from first-hand experience and a desire to find a new theatrical expression that would enable you to render this experience in all its acuteness and also its immediacy.

Many other Absurdists were born elsewhere but lived in France, writing often in French: Samuel Beckett from Ireland ; Eugène Ionesco from Romania ; Arthur Adamov from Russia ; Alejandro Jodorowsky and Fernando Arrabal from Spain.

Inspired by the theatrical experiments in the early half of the century and by the horrors of the war, the so-called avant-garde Parisian theater, " New Theater " or " Theatre of the Absurd " around the writers Eugène Ionesco, Samuel Beckett, Jean Genet, Arthur Adamov, Fernando Arrabal refused simple explanations and abandoned traditional characters, plots and staging.

Playwrights commonly associated with the Theatre of the Absurd include Samuel Beckett, Eugène Ionesco, Jean Genet, Harold Pinter, Tom Stoppard, Friedrich Dürrenmatt, Alejandro Jodorowsky, Fernando Arrabal and Edward Albee.

Likewise, the concept of ' Pataphysics –" the science of imaginary solutions "– first presented in Jarry's Gestes et opinions du docteur Faustroll, pataphysicien ( Exploits and Opinions of Dr. Faustroll, pataphysician ) was inspirational to many later Absurdists, some of whom joined the Collège de ' pataphysique, founded in honor of Jarry in 1948 ( Ionesco, Arrabal, and Vian were given the title Transcendent Satrape of the Collège de ' pataphysique ).

After the war, in 1946, she returned to her home in France, where she composed orchestral and chamber music, plus numerous other works including the ballets Paris-Magie ( with Lise Delarme ) and Parisiana ( for the Royal Ballet of Copenhaugen ), the operas Il était un petit navire ( with Henri Jeanson ), Dolores, La petite sirène ( with Philip Soupault, based on Hans Christian Andersen's story " The Little Mermaid ") and Le maître ( to a libretto by Ionesco ), the musical comedy Parfums, the Concerto des vaines paroles, for baritone voice, piano and orchestra, the Concerto for Soprano and Orchestra, the Concertino for Flute, Piano and Orchestra, the Second Piano Concerto, the Concerto for Two Guitars and Orchestra, her Second Sonata for Violin and Piano, the Sonata for Harp, as well as an impressive number of film and television scores.

In 1946, Ionesco indicated to Petru Comarnescu that he did not want to see either Eliade or Cioran, and that he considered the two of them " Legionaries for ever "— adding " we are hyenas to one another ".

In 1970 Beck's work was denounced alongside Eugène Ionesco and Samuel Beckett by Nëndori, the literary monthly of Albania, for supposedly being " inundated by mysticism and pornography.

In the arts and culture, prominent figures were George Enescu ( music composer, violinist, professor of Sir Yehudi Menuhin ), Constantin Brâncuşi ( sculptor ), Eugène Ionesco ( playwright ), Mircea Eliade ( historian of religion and novelist ), Emil Cioran ( essayist, Prix de l ' Institut Francais for stylism ) and Angela Gheorghiu ( soprano ).

Furthermore, Josef Hiršal built a reputation as a translator of foreign works into the Czech language, translating the works of, among others, Christian Morgenstern, Ernst Jandl, Eugène Ionesco, Wolfgang Hildesheimer, Hans Magnus Enzensberger, Franz Kafka, Edgar Allan Poe, Heinrich Heine, H. C. Artmann, Helmut Heissenbüttel, Fernando Pessoa and Torquato Tasso ; in 1989, he received the Grand Austrian State Prize for his translations.

Of his many collaborations, the most acclaimed are his book illustrations for Eugène Ionesco and Samuel Beckett in the late 1960s.

Irina Ionesco is perhaps most famous for her photographs showcasing her young daughter, Eva.

Her home was also a stage for famous writers such as Henry Miller, Graham Greene and Ionesco.

For example, in Ionesco's Amédée, or How to Get Rid of It, a couple must deal with a corpse that is steadily growing larger and larger ; Ionesco never fully reveals the identity of the corpse, how this person died, or why it's continually growing, but the corpse ultimately – and, again, without explanation – floats away.

For example, The Bald Soprano by Eugène Ionesco is essentially a series of clichés taken from a language textbook.

Ionesco replied, " I have the feeling that these writers – who are serious and important -- were talking about absurdity and death, but that they never really lived these themes, that they did not feel them within themselves in an almost irrational, visceral way, that all this was not deeply inscribed in their language.

The transition he went through was similar to that of his fellow generation members and close collaborators — among the notable exceptions to this rule were Petru Comarnescu, sociologist Henri H. Stahl and future dramatist Eugène Ionesco, as well as Sebastian.

Ionesco states in an essay written to his critics, that he had no intention of parody, but if he were parodying anything, it would be everything.

Some of the most important works of the century were written by foreign authors in French ( Eugène Ionesco, Samuel Beckett ).

Some of the most important works of the century in French were written by foreign authors ( Eugène Ionesco, Samuel Beckett ).

The depolitisation of Eliade after the start of his diplomatic career was also mistrusted by his former close friend Eugène Ionesco, who indicated that, upon the close of World War II, Eliade's personal beliefs as communicated to his friends amounted to " all is over now that Communism has won ".

Upon his entrance into the University, he met Eugène Ionesco and Mircea Eliade, the three of them becoming lifelong friends.

Yet, he still maintained numerous friends with which he conversed often such as Mircea Eliade, Eugène Ionesco, Paul Celan, Samuel Beckett, and Henri Michaux.

* My Lobotomy Radio story: Interview with Sallie Ellen Ionesco Lobotomised in 1946

He began to lose the favor of audiences and critics alike, however, with the emergence of such playwrights as Eugène Ionesco and Samuel Beckett.

Ionesco followed this with The Lesson ( La Leçon ) in 1951 and The Chairs ( Les Chaises ) in 1952.

With the addition of drummer Derek Grant, Alkaline Trio's family tree has grown to include ties with bands such as The Suicide Machines, Thoughts of Ionesco, Walls of Jericho, and Gyga.

She appeared with George Devine in the Eugène Ionesco play, The Chairs, Shaw's Major Barbara and Saint Joan.

The idea of the play came to Ionesco while he was trying to learn English with the Assimil method.

According to Ionesco, he had several possible endings in mind, including a climax in which the " author " or " manager " antagonizes the audience, and even a version in which the audience would be shot with machine guns.

Ionesco told Claude Bonnefoy in an interview, " I wanted to give a meaning to the play by having it begin all over again with two characters.

Good Mourning followed in 2003, marking the band's first album with drummer Derek Grant, formerly of Suicide Machines and Thoughts of Ionesco.

He was previously a member of The Suicide Machines, Telegraph, Gyga, Thoughts of Ionesco, Remainder, Walls of Jericho, The Exceptions and Broken Spoke, a side band with Royce Nunley and Jay Navarro.

Grove published French avant-garde of the era, including Alain Robbe-Grillet, Jean Genet, and Eugène Ionesco ; most of the American Beats of the 1950s, including Jack Kerouac, William Burroughs, and Allen Ginsberg ; and poets associated with Black Mountain and the San Francisco Renaissance such as Robert Duncan.

She introduced Bertold Brecht into Marathi theatre with adaptation of The Caucasian Chalk Circle ( Ajab Nyay Vartulacha ), and Ionesco with Chairs.

* Renee Vivien, Irina Ionesco, Femmes Sans Tain ( Paris: Bernard et Tu et Secile, 1975 ).

** Preface by Eugène Ionesco, Les Volcans, Paris: Draeger-Vilo, 1975, 174 pp.

Eva Ionesco ( born on 18 July 1965 ) is a French actress and film director, born in Paris.

Important foreign writers who have lived and worked in France ( especially Paris ) in the twentieth century include: Oscar Wilde, Gertrude Stein, Ernest Hemingway, William S. Burroughs, Henry Miller, Anaïs Nin, James Joyce, Samuel Beckett, Julio Cortázar, Vladimir Nabokov, Eugène Ionesco.

Irina Ionesco ( born on September 3, 1935 ) is a French photographer born in Paris, France.

Important foreign writers who have lived and worked in France ( especially Paris ) in the twentieth century include: Oscar Wilde, Gertrude Stein, Ernest Hemingway, William S. Burroughs, Henry Miller, Anaïs Nin, James Joyce, Samuel Beckett, Julio Cortázar, Vladimir Nabokov, Eugène Ionesco.