Ionizing radiation can cause the destruction of microorganisms and insects involved in food spoilage or, at lower doses, can inhibit their action.

Ionizing electromagnetic radiation creates high-speed electrons in a material and breaks chemical bonds, but after these electrons collide many times with other atoms in the material eventually most of the energy is downgraded to thermal energy ; this whole process happens in a tiny fraction of a second.

Ionizing radiation is hazardous to life ( hence its usefulness in sterilisation ); for this reason irradiation facilities have a heavily shielded irradiation room where the process takes place.

Ionizing radiation comes from radioactive materials, X-ray tubes, particle accelerators, and is present in the environment.

Ionizing electromagnetic radiation is that for which the photons making up the radiation have energies larger than about 10 electron volts.

* Ionizing radiation

Ionizing radiation works by damaging the DNA of exposed tissue leading to cellular death.

Ionizing radiation causes deletions in chromosomes.

* Ionizing radiation

* Ionizing radiation units

* Ionizing radiation level examples-Example exposure scenarios

* Photomultipliers are used in conjunction with scintillators to detect Ionizing radiation by means of hand held and fixed radiation protection instruments, and particle radiation in physics experiments.

* Ionizing radiation

Ionizing radiation hazard symbol

Ionizing ( or ionising ) radiation is radiation composed of particles that individually carry enough energy to liberate an electron from an atom or molecule without raising the bulk material to ionization temperature.

Ionizing radiation is generated through nuclear reactions, either artificial or natural, by very high temperature ( e. g. the corona of the Sun ), or via production of high energy particles in particle accelerators, or due to acceleration of charged particles by the electromagnetic fields produced by natural processes, from lightning to supernova explosions.

Ionizing radiation includes cosmic rays, alpha, beta and gamma rays, X-rays, and in general any charged particle moving at relativistic speeds.

Ionizing radiation includes some portion of the ultraviolet spectrum, depending on context.

Ionizing radiation is ubiquitous in the environment, and comes from naturally occurring radioactive materials and cosmic rays.

Ionizing radiation is invisible and not directly detectable by human senses, so instruments such as Geiger counters are usually required to detect its presence.

# Ionizing radiation such as that created by radioactive decay or in cosmic rays causes breaks in DNA strands.

Ionizing radiation is hazardous to living things, and in such a case much of the affected area could be unsafe for human habitation.

The notion of radiation hormesis has been rejected by the National Research Council's ( part of the National Academy of Sciences ) 16 year long study on the Biological Effects of Ionizing Radiation.

* Ionizing Radiation Effects in MOS Devices and Circuits by Tso Ping Ma and PAUL V. Dressendorfer, The first comprehensive overview describing the effects of ionizing radiation on MOS devices, as well as how to design, fabricate, and test integrated circuits intended for use in a radiation environment.

Sometimes a timeshift ( delay ) is set between two systems, which increases the detection probability of errors induced by external influences ( e. g. Voltage spikes, Ionizing radiation, or In situ Reverse engineering ).

* I. M. Rozman and K. G. Zimmer The Damage to Plastic Scintillators by Ionizing Radiations, Int.

A 2007 report by the UK government's Health Protection Agency Advisory Group on Ionizing Radiation declared the health risks of tritium exposure to be double those previously set by the International Commission on Radiological Protection located in Sweden.

# Ionizing radiation: α -, β -, γ -, or x-rays cause ejection of an electron from the initiating species, followed by dissociation and electron capture to produce a radical ( Figure 5 ).

Further evidence of sex-based disparities in radiation-induced cancers was published in the 2006 report by the National Research Council ’ s Committee to Assess Health Risks from Exposure to Low Levels of Ionizing Radiation ( known as the BEIR VII report ), which found that women ’ s risk due to radiation exposure exceeded men ’ s by 37. 5 percent.

Ionizing radiation is widely used in industry and medicine, and it presents a significant health hazard.

The National Academy of Sciences ( NAS ) Biological Effects of Ionizing Radiation ( BEIR ) report, NAS BEIR VII was an expert panel who reviewed available peer reviewed literature and writes, " the committee concludes that the preponderance of information indicates that there will be some risk, even at low doses ".

Ionizing radiations and reactive oxygen species often oxidize guanine to produce 8-oxoguanine.

Ionizing radiations may produce highly reactive free radicals that can break the bonds in the DNA.

Ionizing radiation produces free electrons and holes.

Ionizing Radiation Effects in MOS Devices and Circuits.

Ionizing radiation effects in MOS oxides.

One-part adhesives harden via a chemical reaction with an external energy source, such as radiation, heat, and moisture.

The very early universe is said to have been ' radiation dominated ' and as such radiation controlled the deceleration of expansion.

Cosmological perturbation theory, which describes the evolution of slight inhomogeneities in the early universe, has allowed cosmologists to precisely calculate the angular power spectrum of the radiation, and it has been measured by the recent satellite experiments ( COBE and WMAP ) and many ground and balloon-based experiments ( such as Degree Angular Scale Interferometer, Cosmic Background Imager, and Boomerang ).

In the early work of Max Planck, Albert Einstein and Niels Bohr, the existence of energy in discrete quantities had been postulated, in order to explain phenomena, such as the spectrum of black-body radiation, the photoelectric effect, and the stability and spectrum of atoms such as hydrogen, that had eluded explanation by, and even appeared to be in contradiction with, classical physics.

They come in various forms, such as the one pictured, and are often used in science museums to illustrate " radiation pressure " – a scientific principle that they do not in fact demonstrate.

Combined modality chemotherapy is the use of drugs with other cancer treatments, such as radiation therapy or surgery.

Earth creatures ( such as animals, plants and even humans ) exposed to Tiberium can either be killed because of the radiation or be transformed into Tiberium-based life-forms, to whom Tiberium radiation is curative rather than toxic.

Therefore, obtaining information about the spatial arrangement of atoms requires the use of radiation with shorter wavelengths, such as X-ray or neutron beams.

A small proportion of dark matter may be baryonic dark matter: astronomical bodies, such as massive compact halo objects, that are composed of ordinary matter but which emit little or no electromagnetic radiation.

As with all such technologies, consensus is that there are negligible health effects from very low levels of microwave radiation.

For lower frequencies of EMR up to those of visible light ( i. e., radio, microwave, infrared ), the damage done to cells and also to many ordinary materials under such conditions is determined mainly by heating effects, and thus by the radiation power.

In electromagnetic radiation ( such as microwaves from an antenna, shown here ) the term applies only to the parts of the electromagnetic field that radiate into infinite space and decrease in intensity by an inverse-square law of power, so that the total radiation energy that crosses through an imaginary spherical surface is the same, no matter how far away from the antenna the spherical surface is drawn.

Because such waves conserve the amount of energy they transmit through any spherical boundary surface drawn around their source, and because such surfaces have an area that is defined by the square of the distance from the source, the power of EM radiation always varies according to an inverse-square law.

A quantum theory of the interaction between electromagnetic radiation and matter such as electrons is described by the theory of quantum electrodynamics.

When any wire ( or other conducting object such as an antenna ) conducts alternating current, electromagnetic radiation is propagated at the same frequency as the electric current.

With a few exceptions related to high-energy photons ( such as fluorescence, harmonic generation, photochemical reactions, the photovoltaic effect for ionizing radiations at far ultraviolet, X-ray, and gamma radiation ), absorbed electromagnetic radiation simply deposits its energy by heating the material.

Since such radiation can produce severe damage to life at powers that produce very little heating, it is considered far more dangerous ( in terms of damage-produced per unit of energy, or power ) than the rest of the electromagnetic spectrum.

Advanced networking features in switches and routers combat these issues through means including spanning-tree protocol to maintain the active links of the network as a tree while allowing physical loops for redundancy, port security and protection features such as MAC lock down and broadcast radiation filtering, virtual LANs to keep different classes of users separate while using the same physical infrastructure, multilayer switching to route between different classes and link aggregation to add bandwidth to overloaded links and to provide some measure of redundancy.

In addition, electricity permits the creation and reception of electromagnetic radiation such as radio waves.