The term " covalence " in regard to bonding was first used in 1919 by Irving Langmuir in a Journal of the American Chemical Society article entitled " The Arrangement of Electrons in Atoms and Molecules ".

During the Irving v Penguin Books and Lipstadt trial it became evident that the court need to identify what was an " objective historian " in the same vein as the reasonable person, and reminiscent of the standard traditionally used in English law of " the man on the Clapham omnibus ".

The term was first used by Irving Langmuir, Nobel Prize-winning chemist, during a 1953 colloquium at the Knolls Research Laboratory.

Dr Philip Irving Mitchell of the Dallas Baptist University notes that some philosophers have cast the pursuit of theodicy as a modern one, as earlier scholars used the problem of evil to support the existence of one particular god over another, explain wisdom, or explain a conversion, rather than to justify God's goodness.

It was first used in English in an article by Irving Kaplansky, " Lucas's Tests for Mersenne Numbers ," American Mathematical Monthly, 52 ( Apr., 1945 ).

The importance of pictorialism to Irving, and to other theatre professionals of the Victorian era, is exemplified by the fact that Irving had used Ford Madox Brown's painting Cordelia ’ s Portion as the inspiration for the look of his production, and that the artist himself was brought in to provide sketches for the settings of other scenes.

Two buildings he used as studios are part of the Eanger Irving Couse House and Studio — Joseph Henry Sharp Studios listed on the National Register of Historic Places and the New Mexico Register of Cultural Properties.

A Langmuir probe is a device named after Nobel Prize winning physicist Irving Langmuir, used to determine the electron temperature, electron density, and electric potential of a plasma.

In his stead, the band used session musicians such as Irving ( who was no longer an official band member ), Snow, Steve Nieve, Bruce Hornsby and Carol Isaacs for the 1991 release Play, which came out on the Reprise label.

Irving takes her picture with the same miniature cigarette lighter / camera he had used the previous day.

Irving's twin brother Nicholas Irving has said that " David used to run toward bombed out houses shouting heil Hitler ", a statement which Irving repudiates and says is " untrue.

According to the evidence introduced by Richard J. Evans at the libel trial of Deborah Lipstadt in 2000, Irving based his estimates of the dead of Dresden on the word of one individual who provided no supporting documentation, used forged documents, and described one witness who was a urologist as Dresden's Deputy Chief Medical Officer.

Irving used this alleged incident to argue that there was some sort of mystical connection between himself and Hitler.

In June 1990, Irving went to the German provinces that had formerly been part of East Germany on a well-publicized tour entitled " An Englishman Fights for the Honour of the Germans ," on which he accused the Allies of having used " forged documents " to " humiliate " the German people.

In that speech, Irving used the metaphor of a cruise ship named Holocaust, which Irving claimed had "... luxury wall to wall fitted carpets and a crew of thousands … marine terminals established in now virtually every capital in the world, disguised as Holocaust memorial museums ".

Irving claimed on the basis of what he called the index books that, " Because the experts can look at a tattoo and say ' Oh yes, 181, 219 that means you entered Auschwitz in March 1943 " and he warned Auschwitz survivors " If you want to go and have a tattoo put on your arm, as a lot of them do, I am afraid to say, and claim subsequently that you were in Auschwitz, you have to make sure a ) that it fits in with the month you said you went to Auschwitz and b ) it is not a number which anyone used before ".

Likewise, depending on his audience, Irving during the 1990s has either used the absence of a written Führerbefehl ( Führer order ) for the " Final Solution " to argue that Hitler was unaware of the Holocaust, or that the absence of a written order meant there was no Holocaust.

Irving, (...) had deliberately distorted and wilfully mistranslated documents, consciously used discredited testimony and falsified historical statistics.

Isaac could not meet the £ 3000 debt but made over the whole of his salary to another brother, Irving, to be used as Irving saw fit, either to pay the debt or the family's other bills.

Irving Berlin used to serenade from a treetop piano at Pastori's Hotel, formerly Bird's Nest Glen, the home of Lord Charles Snowden Fairfax, and later known as the Marin Town & Country Club.

After recording a handful of acoustic titles during 1924-1926, his signing with Irving Mills allowed him to record for nearly every label, often recording different versions of the same tune for numerous labels.

This continued until Ellington basically signed exclusively to Brunswick in 1932 and stayed with them through late 1936, when Irving Mills put him on Mills ' new Master label, and various small groups within Ellington's band recorded on Mills ' Variety label ' fronted ' by his 4 main soloists, Barney Bigard, Rex Stewart, Johnny Hodges and Cootie Williams.

The new line-up released two albums on Irving Azoff's Full Moon label, distributed by Warner Bros. Records.

He was back on Brunswick in late 1934 through 1936, when he signed with manager Irving Mills's short-lived Variety in 1937, and stayed with Mills when the label collapsed and the sessions were continued on Vocalion through 1939, and then OKeh through 1942.

The album, however, suffered the worst sales of Zevon's career, in part because his label, superagent Irving Azoff's short-lived Giant Records, was in the process of going out of business.

Irving Domingo Lorenzo, Jr., ( born June 26, 1970 ) better known as Irv Gotti is an American hip hop and R & B record producer and is the head and founder of The Inc record label.

The " neoconservative " label was embraced by Irving Kristol in his 1979 article " Confessions of a True, Self-Confessed ' Neoconservative.

A small label founded in NYC by Irving Berman, Manor Records later moved its headquarters to New Jersey.

Brewer re-emerged as a jazz vocalist on Thiele's Amsterdam label in the 1980s and 1990s recording a number of albums including tribute albums to Bessie Smith, Louis Armstrong, Fats Waller and Irving Berlin.

For the Bleeders was released in 1999 on independent label, Go Kart Records. VOD live at Irving Plaza in NYC, 11 / 16 / 08

In late 1936, with involvement by Herbert Yates of the American Record Corporation, Irving started the Master and Variety labels, which for their short life span were distributed by ARC through their Brunswick and Vocalion label sales staff.

) Irving signed Helen Oakley Dance to supervise the small group records for the Variety label ( 35 cents or 3 for $ 1. 00 ).

The newly-renamed trio soon attracted the attention of folk music impresario Irving Steinbloom ( 1920 – 2003 ), who became their manager and signed them to Folktown Records – as Palter once put it, " THE label to be on.

The earlier Giant name was bought by Irving Azoff, who was starting a label in the United States with the same name.

The band is on avant rock label Silly Bird Records, home to bands like Autobody and the Irving Klaw Trio.

Other key traditional pop and jazz ballads include: " Body and Soul " by Johnny Green ; " Misty " by Erroll Garner ; " The Man I Love " by George Gershwin ; " My Funny Valentine " by Rodgers and Hart, " God Bless the Child " by Billie Holiday, " Ev ' ry Time We Say Goodbye " by Cole Porter, the instrumental ballad " Naima " by John Coltrane, " In a Sentimental Mood " by Duke Ellington and " Always " by Irving Berlin.

Advocacy planning and participatory models of planning emerged in the 1960s to counter these traditional elitist and technocratic approaches to urban planning ( Irving 1993 ; Hatuka & D ' Hooghe 2007 ).

During an interview with the American writer Ron Rosenbaum, Irving stated his belief that Jews were his " traditional enemy ".

The Irving Berlin song, " White Christmas ", sung by Bing Crosby, is the highest-selling single of all time and speaks nostalgically of a traditional, snow-covered Christmas.

Irving Lavin says, " it was this insistence on, and search for, meaning — especially in places where no one suspected there was any — that led Panofsky to understand art, as no previous historian had, as an intellectual endeavor on a par with the traditional liberal arts.

In its technical usage within the field of philosophic logic, the term " contraposition " may be limited by logicians ( e. g. Irving Copi, Susan Stebbing ) to traditional logic and categorical propositions.

Far from serving as a traditional documentary on Elmyr de Hory, the film also incorporates Welles's companion Oja Kodar, notorious " hoax-biographer " Clifford Irving, and Orson Welles himself, in an autobiographical role.